Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Bwino kwa Gold Cyanide Leaching: Njira ndi Kuzindikira

Introduction

Gold cyanide leaching imayima ngati mwala wapangodya mu migodi ya golidi, yomwe imadziwika kuti imagwira bwino ntchito pochotsa golide ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira za cyanide, njirayi imasungunula golidi, zomwe zimathandizira kuchira. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwanthawi yayitali komanso mbiri yotsimikizika zapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokondedwa pantchito zambiri zamigodi. Komabe, m'makampani omwe amayendetsedwa ndikuchita bwino komanso kukhazikika, kuwongolera mosalekeza kwa njira ya leaching ya cyanide ndikofunikira. Positi iyi yabulogu ikuyang'ana njira zosiyanasiyana zopititsira patsogolo luso la Gold cyanide leaching, kuyang'ana kukhathamiritsa kwachikhalidwe komanso njira zotsogola.

Kumvetsetsa Njira ya Gold Cyanide Leaching

Zoyambira za Cyanide Leaching

Mu golide wa cyanide leaching, ma cyanide ions (CN⁻) amachita ndi golide pamaso pa mpweya kuti apange golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes. Zonse zomwe zingachitike zitha kuphikidwa motere:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Izi zimachitika munjira ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, golidi amathiridwa ndi okosijeni, kenako golide wopangidwa ndi okosijeni amakumana ndi ma cyanide ions kuti apange chosungunuka chosungunuka. Njira yotsitsa imatha kuchitidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga matanki akulu ogwedezeka - matanki (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ore apamwamba kwambiri kapena okhazikika) kapena milu ya milu ya leaching (yoyenera kutsika pang'ono).

Zofunikira Zofunikira Zomwe Zikukhudza Kuchita Mwachangu kwa Leaching

1. Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide: Kusunga ndende yoyenera ya cyanide ndikofunikira. Ngati ndendeyo ili yotsika kwambiri, kusungunuka kwa golide kungakhale kosakwanira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukwera kwakukulu sikumangowonjezera mtengo wa cyanide komanso kumayambitsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe. Kwa ores ambiri, ndende ya cyanide mumitundu ya 0.05 - 0.1% imagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma izi zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mawonekedwe a ore.

2. Kupezeka kwa oxygen: Oxygen ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwa golide - cyanide. Kupezeka kwa okosijeni wokwanira kumatha kufulumizitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa leaching. Pogwedezeka - kutuluka kwa thanki, mpweya kapena mpweya weniweni ukhoza kulowetsedwa m'matangi otsetsereka. Chiŵerengero cha cyanide ndi mpweya (CN⁻/O₂) chimakhudzanso momwe zimachitikira. Pamene CN⁻/O₂ > 6. zomwe zimachitika makamaka zimayendetsedwa ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, pamene CN⁻/O₂ < 6. imayendetsedwa ndi kufalikira kwa cyanide.

3. Mlingo wa pH: pH ya yankho la leaching imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira. Malo okhala ndi zamchere kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pH 10 - 11) amasungidwa kuti ateteze hydrolysis ya cyanide kukhala hydrogen cyanide (HCN), mpweya wapoizoni komanso wosakhazikika. Laimu (CaO) nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kuti asinthe ndi kusunga pH.

4. kutentha: Kuchulukitsa kutentha kumatha kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika. Komabe, muzochita, kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 25 - 40 ° C. Kutentha kwapamwamba kungapangitse kuwonjezereka kwa cyanide chifukwa cha machitidwe a mbali ndi kutuluka kwa nthunzi.

Njira Zopititsa patsogolo Kuchita Mwachangu kwa Leaching

Kukhathamiritsa Magawo a Njira

1. Akupera ndi Particle Kukula Control: Kuonetsetsa kuti akupera bwino mwachitsulo ndikofunikira. Kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumawonetsa malo ochulukirapo a golide - wokhala ndi mchere ku cyanide yankho, kuwongolera kuthamanga komanso kutulutsa kokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, mu mgodi wa golidi ku South Africa, kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kuchokera ku 75μm kufika ku 53μm kunawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide ndi 8% mu ndondomeko ya cyanide leaching.

2. Kugwedeza ndi Kusokoneza: Pakugwedezeka kwa thanki, kugwedeza bwino kumawonetsetsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagawaniza tinthu tating'onoting'ono, cyanide solution, ndi oxygen mu thanki. Izi zimathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa ma reactants ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa leaching. Advanced mukubwadamuka machitidwe ndi variable - liwiro Motors akhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za ore ndi leaching mikhalidwe.

3. Leaching Time Kukhathamiritsa: Kudziwa nthawi yoyenera leaching ndi bwino. Kutulutsa kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kukulitsa kuchira kwa golide komanso kumabweretsa kutsika kwa cyanide komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito. Kupyolera mu mayeso a labotale ndi kutengera njira, nthawi yoyenera yoperekera imatha kudziwitsidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ore. Kwa ores ena apamwamba, nthawi yopuma ya maola 24 - 48 ingakhale yokwanira, pamene ore ovuta kwambiri, akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku maola 72 kapena kuposerapo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera ndi Zotsatsa

1. Maofesi Othandizira: Kuphatikizika kwa oxidizing agents monga hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), kapena calcium peroxide (CaO₂) kungapangitse kutulutsa golide. Ma okosijeni awa amawonjezera mpweya wosungunuka mu slurry ndikufulumizitsa kutulutsa kwa golide. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi golide wonyezimira ku Australia, kuwonjezera H₂O₂ pamtengo wa 2 kg / t wa ore kunawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide kuchokera ku 70% mpaka 85% mkati mwa nthawi yomweyo yotulutsa.

2. Heavy Metal Salts: Mchere wina wa heavy metal, monga mchere wotsogolera (mwachitsanzo, Pb(NO₃)₂), ukhoza kukhala ngati olimbikitsa mu ndondomeko ya cyanide leaching. Amapanga maselo am'deralo a galvanic ndi golide, kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Mu chomera cha cyanide ku Canada, kuwonjezera Pb (NO₃) ₂ kunathandizira kusunga mpweya wabwino wosungunuka m'dera la cyanide ndikugonjetsa zovuta za mchere wa sulfide pa cyanidation.

3. Complexing Agents: Zinthu zovuta monga ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku chelate ndi zonyansa mu ore, monga mkuwa, zinki, ndi ayoni achitsulo. Izi zimachepetsa mpikisano wa zonyansazi ndi golidi wa ayoni a cyanide, kukonza golide Leaching ufanisi.

Advanced Leaching Technologies

1. Oxygen - Kuchuluka kwa Leaching: Imadziwikanso kuti CIG (Carbon - in - Gold) oxygenation process, njira iyi imaphatikizapo kudzaza mpweya wabwino mu thanki yotulutsa mpweya m'malo mopanikizidwa. Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni wosungunuka mu slurry kumathandizira kwambiri kuthamanga kwa leaching. Oxygen - leaching wowonjezera amatha kuchepetsa nthawi yotulutsa mpweya mpaka 50% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe - zotulutsa mpweya ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa golide ndi 10 - 20%.

2. Pressure Leaching: Kuthamanga kwa cyanide leaching kumachitika mu chotengera chokakamiza. Kuchulukitsa kupanikizika kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwa okosijeni ndi cyanide mu yankho ndikufulumizitsa momwe zimakhalira. Pakukakamizidwa kwa 2 × 10⁵ Pa, kusungunuka kwa golidi kumatha kukhala 10 - 20 nthawi zomwe zikuyenda bwino. Ukadaulo uwu ndiwothandiza makamaka pazitsulo zagolide zoyezera.

3. Ultrasonic - Chithandizo cha Leaching: Akupanga mafunde akhoza anayambitsa pa leaching ndondomeko. The akupanga mphamvu amalenga cavitation thovu mu madzi gawo, amene kugwa ndi kupanga mkulu - kuthamanga ndi mkulu - kutentha yaying'ono - mapangidwe. Izi zimathandiza kuyeretsa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'ono ta golide, kuphwanya kusanjikiza kozungulira tinthu ting'onoting'ono, ndikulimbikitsa kulowa kwa njira ya cyanide mu ore, motero kumathandizira kutulutsa bwino.

Kuwunika ndi Kuwongolera Njira

1. Ma analyzer pa intaneti: Kugwiritsa ntchito zowunikira pa intaneti pazigawo monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, pH, ndi kuchuluka kwa golide mu leachate kumalola kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ya leaching. Mwachitsanzo, cyanide analyzer ya pa intaneti imatha kuzindikira kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa cyanide mkati mwa masekondi, zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kuchuluka kwa cyanide nthawi yomweyo.

2. Automated Control Systems: Njira zowongolera zokha zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera zosintha zamachitidwe potengera zomwe zachokera kwa osanthula pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kwa cyanide, laimu, ndi oxidizing agents zitha kusinthidwa zokha malinga ndi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale za cyanide concentration ndi pH. Izi zimachepetsa zolakwika zaumunthu ndikuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yokhazikika komanso yogwira ntchito ya leaching ikugwira ntchito.

Kutsiliza

Kupititsa patsogolo luso la golide wa cyanide leaching ndi ntchito yamitundu ingapo yomwe imaphatikizapo kukhathamiritsa njira zachikhalidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera ndi zolimbikitsa, kutengera Advanced leaching technologies, ndikukhazikitsa njira zowunikira komanso zowongolera. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirazi, ntchito zamigodi zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kubweza golide, kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cyanide, ndikupititsa patsogolo chuma ndi chilengedwe. Pamene bizinesi yamigodi ya golide ikupitabe patsogolo, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi luso lamakono la cyanide leaching lidzakhala lofunika kwambiri kuti tithane ndi zovuta za kusokonezeka kwa miyala ndi malamulo a chilengedwe.