Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Bwino kwa Gold Cyanide Leaching: Njira ndi Kuzindikira

Introduction

Kuchotsa golide ndi cyanide ku golide ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga golide, odziwika bwino chifukwa cha luso lake lotulutsa golide kuchokera ku miyala. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera golide ndi cyanide, njirayi imasungunula golide, zomwe zimathandiza kuti golide ayambe kubwezeretsedwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mbiri yabwino kwapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa ntchito zambiri zamigodi. Komabe, m'makampani omwe amayendetsedwa ndi kuchita bwino komanso kukhazikika, kusintha kosalekeza kwa njira yochotsera golide ndikofunika. Nkhaniyi ya blog ikufotokoza njira zosiyanasiyana zowonjezerera kugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuchotsa golide ndi cyanide , pofufuza njira zamakono komanso njira zamakono.

Kumvetsetsa Njira ya Gold Cyanide Leaching

Zoyambira za Cyanide Leaching

Mu golide wa cyanide leaching, ma cyanide ions (CN⁻) amachita ndi golide pamaso pa mpweya kuti apange golide wosungunuka - cyanide complexes. Zonse zomwe zingachitike zitha kuphikidwa motere:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Izi zimachitika munjira ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba, golidi amathiridwa ndi okosijeni, kenako golide wopangidwa ndi okosijeni amakumana ndi ma cyanide ions kuti apange chosungunuka chosungunuka. Njira yotsitsa imatha kuchitidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga matanki akulu ogwedezeka - matanki (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ore apamwamba kwambiri kapena okhazikika) kapena milu ya milu ya leaching (yoyenera kutsika pang'ono).

Zofunikira Zofunikira Zomwe Zikukhudza Kuchita Mwachangu kwa Leaching

1. Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide : Kusunga kuchuluka kwa cyanide koyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kochepa kwambiri, kusungunuka kwa golide kungakhale kosakwanira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu sikungowonjezera mtengo wa cyanide komanso kumabweretsa zoopsa zachilengedwe. Pa miyala yambiri, kuchuluka kwa cyanide komwe kuli pakati pa 0.05 - 0.1% kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma izi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe a miyala.

2. Kupezeka kwa Oksijeni : Oksijeni ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuchita kwa golide ndi cyanide. Kupereka mpweya wokwanira kumatha kufulumizitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa leaching. Mu kusuntha kwa thanki, mpweya kapena mpweya woyera ukhoza kulowetsedwa m'matanki otulutsa leaching. Chiŵerengero cha cyanide ndi mpweya (CN⁻/O₂) chimakhudzanso njira yochitira. Pamene CN⁻/O₂ > 6, yankho limayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kufalikira kwa mpweya, pomwe pamene CN⁻/O₂ < 6, limayendetsedwa ndi kufalikira kwa cyanide.

3. Mlingo wa pH : pH ya yankho lochotsa madzi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Malo okhala ndi alkaline yambiri (nthawi zambiri pH 10 - 11) amasungidwa kuti aletse hydrolysis ya cyanide kukhala hydrogen cyanide (HCN), mpweya woopsa komanso wosasunthika. Laimu (CaO) nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa kuti asinthe ndikusunga pH.

4. Kutentha : Kuonjezera kutentha kungapangitse kuti kutentha kuchuluke. Komabe, m'machitidwe, kutentha nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepera 25 - 40°C. Kutentha kwambiri kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa cyanide chifukwa cha zotsatira zoyipa komanso kuphwanyika kwa mpweya.

Njira Zopititsa patsogolo Kuchita Mwachangu kwa Leaching

Kukhathamiritsa Magawo a Njira

1. Kupera ndi Kulamulira Kukula kwa Tinthu : Kuonetsetsa kuti chitsulocho chaphwanyidwa bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri. Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumawonetsa malo ambiri pamwamba pa mchere wokhala ndi golide ku yankho la cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chichotsedwe mwachangu komanso mokwanira. Mwachitsanzo, mu mgodi wagolide ku South Africa, kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta chitsulocho kuchokera pa 75μm kufika pa 53μm kunawonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide wobwezeretsedwa ndi 8% mu njira yochotsera cyanide.

2. Kusakaniza ndi Kusakaniza : Mu kusakaniza kwa thanki yosakaniza, kusakaniza bwino kumatsimikizira kufalikira kofanana kwa tinthu ta mkuwa, yankho la cyanide, ndi mpweya mu thanki. Izi zimathandizira kukhudzana pakati pa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusakanikirana kwa madzi ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza madzi. Makina apamwamba osakaniza madzi okhala ndi ma mota osinthasintha amatha kusinthidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za thankiyo ndi momwe madzi amatulutsira madzi.

3. Kukonza Nthawi Yochotsa Dothi : Kudziwa nthawi yoyenera yochotsera dothi ndi njira yolinganiza. Kuchotsa dothi nthawi yayitali kungawonjezere kuchira kwa golide komanso kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito cyanide komanso kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. Kudzera mu mayeso a labotale ndi njira zoyeserera, nthawi yoyenera yochotsera dothi imatha kudziwika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi. Pa miyala ina yapamwamba, nthawi yochotsera dothi ya maola 24 mpaka 48 ikhoza kukhala yokwanira, pomwe pa miyala yovuta kwambiri, imatha kuwonjezeredwa mpaka maola 72 kapena kuposerapo.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowonjezera ndi Zotsatsa

1. Zinthu Zothandizira Kutulutsa Ma Oxidizing : Kuwonjezera zinthu zolimbikitsa monga hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), kapena calcium peroxide (CaO₂) kungathandize kumasula golide. Zinthu zolimbikitsa izi zimawonjezera mpweya wosungunuka mu slurry ndikufulumizitsa kutulutsidwa kwa golide. Mwachitsanzo, mu kafukufuku wokhudza golide wosasinthika ku Australia, kuwonjezera H₂O₂ pa 2 kg/t ya ore kunawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kutulutsidwa kwa golide kuchokera pa 70% mpaka 85% mkati mwa nthawi yomweyo yotulutsa.

2. Mchere Wachitsulo Cholemera : Mchere wina wachitsulo cholemera, monga mchere wa lead (monga, Pb(NO₃)₂), ukhoza kugwira ntchito ngati zolimbikitsira njira yotulutsira cyanide. Amapanga maselo am'deralo a galvanic ndi golide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asungunuke mofulumira. Mu chomera cha cyanide ku Canada, kuwonjezera Pb(NO₃)₂ kunathandiza kusunga kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka bwino mu cyanide circuit ndikugonjetsa zotsatira zoyipa za mchere wa sulfide pa cyanidation.

3. Zinthu Zophatikiza : Zinthu zophatikiza monga ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusakaniza zinthu zosafunika mu miyala, monga mkuwa, zinc, ndi ayoni achitsulo. Izi zimachepetsa mpikisano wa zinthu zosafunikazi ndi golide pa zinthu za cyanide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide azitha kusuntha bwino.

Advanced Leaching Technologies

1. Kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera : Njira imeneyi imadziwikanso kuti njira ya CIG (Carbon-in-Gold), imagwiritsa ntchito kudzaza mpweya woyera mu thanki yotulutsa mpweya m'malo mwa mpweya wopanikizika. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wosungunuka mu slurry kumathandizira kwambiri liwiro la kutulutsa mpweya. Kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kumatha kuchepetsa nthawi yotulutsa mpweya ndi 50% poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe zotulutsira mpweya ndikukweza kuchuluka kwa golide wotulutsira mpweya ndi 10 - 20%.

2. Kuchotsa Mphamvu : Kuchotsa mphamvu ya cyanide kumachitika mu chotengera cha mphamvu. Kuonjezera mphamvu kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwa mpweya ndi cyanide mu yankho ndikufulumizitsa liwiro la reaction. Pa mphamvu ya 2×10⁵ Pa, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa golide kumatha kukhala nthawi 10 - 20 kuposa pamene kuli koyenera. Ukadaulo uwu ndi wothandiza kwambiri pa miyala ya golide yosasunthika.

3. Kuchotsa Madzi Ochokera ku Ultrasonic : Mafunde a Ultrasonic amatha kuyambitsidwa panthawi yochotsa madzi. Mphamvu ya Ultrasonic imapanga thovu la cavitation mu gawo lamadzimadzi, lomwe limagwa ndikupanga malo okhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimathandiza kuyeretsa pamwamba pa tinthu tagolide, kuphwanya gawo lozungulira tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikulimbikitsa kulowa kwa cyanide mu miyala, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu ya kuchotsa madzi.

Kuwunika ndi Kuwongolera Njira

1. Zowunikira Paintaneti : Kugwiritsa ntchito zowunikira pa intaneti kuti mudziwe magawo monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, pH, ndi kuchuluka kwa golide mu leachate kumalola kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni njira yotulutsira. Mwachitsanzo, chowunikira cha cyanide pa intaneti chingathe kuzindikira kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa cyanide mkati mwa masekondi, zomwe zimathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusintha kuchuluka kwa cyanide mwachangu.

2. Machitidwe Owongolera Okha : Machitidwe owongolera okha angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwongolera zosintha za njira kutengera deta yochokera ku analyzers apaintaneti. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera kwa cyanide, laimu, ndi oxidizing agents kumatha kusinthidwa zokha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa cyanide ndi pH. Izi zimachepetsa zolakwika za anthu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira yotulutsira madzi ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mokhazikika.

Kutsiliza

Kupititsa patsogolo luso la kuchotsa golide ndi cyanide ndi ntchito yosiyana siyana yomwe imaphatikizapo kukonza njira zachikhalidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera ndi zolimbikitsira, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba wochotsa golide , ndikukhazikitsa njira zowunikira ndi kuwongolera bwino njira. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira izi, ntchito zamigodi zitha kukweza kuchuluka kwa golide wobwezeretsedwa, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide, ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika kwachuma komanso chilengedwe. Pamene makampani opanga migodi yagolide akupitilizabe kusintha, kafukufuku wopitilira komanso zatsopano muukadaulo wochotsa golide zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zovuta za zovuta za miyala ndi malamulo azachilengedwe.