Zvakakosha Kufunga nezveKushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide Leaching Agent

ziviso

Sodium cyanide chinhu chakakosha zvikuru pakuburitsa simbi dzinokosha, kunyanya muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehupfu hwayo hwakawanda uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika kune zvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzeka, kutarisisa kwakasimba kunofanirwa kupihwa pakushandiswa kwayo. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvakadzama nezvenzira dzekudzivirira kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide .

1. Kuchengetedza

1.1 Kuziva Chepfu

Sodium cyanide ine chepfu yakanyanya. Kufema, kuinwa, kana kusangana nayo neganda kunogona kukonzera chepfu yakakomba. Cyanide iri mukati mayo inogona kukanganisa kushanda kweenzyme inokosha mumuviri wemunhu iyo inokosha pakufema kwemasero. Kukanganiswa uku kunogona kukonzera kudzipwa nekukurumidza uye kunyange kufa muzviitiko zvakakomba. Semuenzaniso, mune dzimwe tsaona dzemumigodhi apo Sodium Cyanide yakabuda, vashandi vasina kudzivirirwa zvakanaka vaitambura nehupfu hwecyanide, nezviratidzo zvakaita sedzungu, kuda kurutsa, kufema nekukurumidza, uye muzviitiko zvakanyanya, kurasikirwa nepfungwa.

1.2 Zvishandiso Zvekuzvidzivirira Pamunhu (PPE)

Vashandi vanobata Sodium cyanide vanofanira kunge vaine PPE yakakodzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira machira ekudzivirira ane gasi, masks egasi anoshanda zvakanaka ane mafirita akagadzirirwa kuvhara cyanide, magirovhosi anodzivirira makemikari (akadai semagirovhosi enitrile), uye magogorosi ekuchengetedza. Vashandi vasati vatanga basa, vanofanira kudzidziswa kuona kuti PPE inoshandiswa nemazvo. Semuenzaniso, kana muchipfeka mask yegasi, zvakakosha kuti mutarise kuti mhepo haipindi zvakanaka here nekufema nekufema nekufema zvakadzika kuti muve nechokwadi chekuti hapana mhepo yekunze inobuda.

1.3 Emergency Response Planning

Makambani anoshandisa sodium cyanide anofanirwa kunge aine zvirongwa zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi zvakanaka. Zvirongwa izvi zvinofanirwa kusanganisira nzira dzekugadzirisa nekuteuka, kubuda, uye zviitiko zvechepfu. Chekutanga - makiti ekubatsira ane cyanide antidotes (senge hydroxocobalamin) anofanirwa kuwanikwa panzvimbo - saiti. Muchiitiko chechiitiko chechepfu, nekukurumidza kwekutanga - kurapwa kwekubatsira kunofanirwa kupihwa, uye masevhisi ekukurumidzira ekurapa anofanira kudanwa pasina kunonoka. Kudhirowa kunofanirwa kuitwa nguva nenguva kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vese vanoziva nzira dzekupindura emergency.

2. Kuchengetedza Kuchengetedza

2.1 Mamiriro Ekuchengetedza

Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma, uye ine mhepo yakanaka. Inofanira kuchengetedzwa kure nemanyuko ekupisa, kupisa, uye zuva rakananga. Nzvimbo yekuchengetedza inofanira kuparadzaniswa kubva kune acids, oxidizing agents, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuita nazvo. Semuenzaniso, kana sodium cyanide ikasangana nemaasidhi, ine muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi inogadzirwa. Imba yekuchengetera zvinhu inofanirawo kunge ine mvura inodonha - humbowo uye ngura - isingachinji pasi uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera.

2.2 Packaging Zvinodiwa

Sodium cyanide inowanzoiswa mumadhiramu esimbi akavharwa zvakasimba kana midziyo yepurasitiki ine mitsetse. Iyo yekurongedza inofanirwa kunyorwa zvakajeka nezviratidzo zveyambiro inoratidza huturu hwayo uye rumwe ruzivo rwakakodzera. Kuongororwa nguva dzose kwekurongedza kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti hapana kubuda kana kukuvara. Kana paine zviratidzo zvekudonha zvikaonekwa, mudziyo unofanirwa kuendeswa kunzvimbo yakachengeteka uye matanho akakodzera uye ekuchenesa anofanira kutorwa.

3. Operational Precautions

3.1 Concentration Control

Mukuita leaching, kudzora kwakasimba kweiyo sodium cyanide concentration kwakakosha. Iko kusungirirwa kwakakodzera kunotemerwa nezvinhu zvakaita semhando yeore, kuvapo kwemaminerari anosanganisirwa, uye nzira yeleaching. Kazhinji, mukucherwa kwegoridhe, pamurwi wekucheka, kuwanda kwesodium cyanide mumhinduro yeleaching inowanzova pakati pe 0.05% - 0.1%, nepo kubvongodza leaching yeflotation concentrate, huwandu hwepamusoro hunogona kudiwa. Nekudaro, kuwandisa kwakanyanya hakungo wedzera mitengo chete asiwo kunotungamira kune zvakakomba zvakatipoteredza nekuchengetedza njodzi. Kune rimwe divi, kana iyo yekumisikidza yakanyanya kuderera, iyo leaching inoshanda ichaderedzwa zvakanyanya.

3.2 pH Kudzora

Iyo pH kukosha kweiyo leaching mhinduro ine yakakosha kukanganisa kugadzikana kwe sodium cyanide. Cyanide inoramba yakagadzikana munzvimbo ine alkaline. Munzvimbo ine acidic, ichaita kuumba inovhuvhuta uye ine muchetura wehydrogen cyanide gasi. Naizvozvo, panguva yekugadzira leaching, iyo pH yemhinduro inowanzo chengetedzwa padanho realkaline, uye lime inowanzowedzerwa kugadzirisa nekuchengetedza pH. Kugara uchitarisa pH kukosha kwakakosha, uye zvigadziriso zvinofanirwa kuitwa nenguva zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekutarisa.

3.3 Agitation uye Aeration

Kukuchidzira kwakaringana uye kufefetedza kwakakosha pakuona kushanda kwemaitiro ekuleaching. Kushungurudzika kunobatsira kuparadzira zvakaenzana sodium cyanide solution uye ore particles, kuwedzera nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pavo. Aeration inopa iyo okisijeni inodiwa kune oxidation yesimbi dzakakosha panguva yeleaching process. Nekudaro, kubvongodza kwakanyanyisa kunogona kukonzera kupfachuka kwemhinduro, kuwedzera njodzi yekufumurwa, uye kufefetedza zvisina kufanira kunogona kutungamira mukusakwana leaching. Kusimba kwekuzunguza uye kufefetedza kunofanirwa kukwidziridzwa zvichienderana neiyo ore zvivakwa uye leaching michina.

4. Environmental Protection Precautions

4.1 Kuchenesa Mvura Yakasviba

Mvura yetsvina inogadzirwa panguva yesodium cyanide leaching process ine cyanide uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa. Isati yaburitsa, inofanirwa kurapwa zvakasimba kuti isangane nemamiriro ekunze. Nzira dzekurapa dzakajairika dzinosanganisira makemikari oxidation (sekushandisa chlorine kana hydrogen peroxide kuti oxidize cyanide kune zvisiri - chepfu zvinhu), biological kurapwa (kushandisa chaiyo tupukanana kuodza cyanide), uye yemuviri - kemikari nzira (sekuchinjisa ion uye adsorption). Mvura yetsvina yakacheneswa inofanirwa kugara ichitariswa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti cyanide yemukati uye mamwe mazinga anosvibisa ari mukati meiyo inobvumidzwa.

4.2 Solid Waste Management

Tsvina yakasimba, senge miswe ine residual sodium cyanide, inodawo kuchengetedzwa nemazvo. Matairi anofanirwa kuchengetwa mumadziva akagadzirwa akanyatsogadzirwa ane anti - leakage matanho ekudzivirira kubuda kwecyanide muvhu nemvura yepasi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, matailings anogona kugadziridzwa zvakare kuderedza cyanide yemukati kana kudzoreredza simbi dzakakosha. Kugara kutariswa kwemazidziva ekumisa uye nharaunda yakapoteredza kunokosha kuti uone chero matambudziko angangove ekusvibisa panguva yakakodzera.

5. Kudzvinyirira Kuenderana

5.1 Rezinesi uye Mvumo

Makambani anoshandisa sodium cyanide anofanirwa kuwana marezinesi anodiwa uye zvibvumirano zvinoenderana nemitemo nemirau. Marezinesi aya anowanzo sanganisira zvibvumirano zvezvakatipoteredza, marezinesi ekugadzira ekuchengetedza, uye marezinesi ekushandisa makemikari ane njodzi. Maitiro ekunyorera anowanzoda ruzivo rwakadzama nezve chiyero chekugadzira chekambani, nzvimbo dzekuchengetera, matanho ekuchengetedza, uye zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

5.2 Kugara Kuongororwa

Kuongororwa nguva nenguva nezviremera zvine chekuita nemutemo chikamu chakakosha chekuona kuteererwa. Ongororo idzi dzinobata zvinhu zvakaita semamiriro ekuchengetera sodium cyanide, kuitwa kwematanho ekuchengetedza, kurapwa kwemvura yetsvina uye tsvina yakasimba, uye kudzidziswa kwevashandi. Makambani anofanirwa kushanda pamwe chete nekuongorora uye kugadzirisa nenguva kune chero zvisiri kutevedzera zvakaonekwa.

Mukupedzisa, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide senge leaching agent inoda kutarisisa kwakazara kuchengetedzeka, kuchengetedza, kushanda, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kutevedzera mutemo. Chete nekunyatso kutevedzera idzi dziviriro ndipo panogona kuve nekugonesa kwekuita kwekuita uku uchideredza njodzi dzinogona kuitika kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda.