Ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mocheso oa cyanidation bakeng sa ho khutlisa litšepe tsa bohlokoa ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi

Selelekela

Litšepe tsa sehlopha sa Platinum (PGM), ho kenyeletsoa platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), le rhodium (Rh), li bohlokoa haholo indastering e fapaneng. Indastering ea likoloi, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho li-catalytic converter, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi e tsoang mesi e tsoang mesi ea likoloi. Leha ho le joalo, li-PGM lia haella ebile ha li ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanang, 'me ho ntšoa ha tsona ho tsoa marung a mantlha hangata ho rarahane ebile ho bitsa chelete e ngata. Ka lebaka leo, ho hlaphoheloa ha li-PGM ho tsoa mehloling ea bobeli, joalo ka li-catalyst tsa likoloi tse sebelisitsoeng, ho fumane tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha. Leaching ea cyanide e nang le mocheso o phahameng e hlaha e le mokhoa o ka bang teng bakeng sa morero ona.

Karolo ea Li-PGM ho Li-Catalysts tsa Likoloi

Li-catalytic converter tsa likoloi li etselitsoe ho fetola litšila tse chefo likhase tsa mosi, tse kang Carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), le nitrogen oxides (NOx), hore e be lintho tse seng kotsi joalo ka carbon dioxide (CO₂), naetrojene (N₂), le metsi (H₂O). Li-PGM ke likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse sebetsang ho li-converter tsena. Mohlala, Pt le Pd li sebetsa hantle bakeng sa ho oxidiza CO le HC, ha Rh e sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa ho fokotsa NOx. Tlhoko ea li-PGM indastering ea likoloi e kholo. Ka 1990, li-ounces tse limilione tse 1.3 tsa platinum, li-ounces tse 230.000 tsa palladium, le li-ounces tse 330.000 tsa rhodium li ile tsa sebelisoa tlhahisong ea li-catalyst tsa likoloi. Ha ho nahanoa ka kholo e tsoelang pele ea indasteri ea likoloi ho theosa le lilemo, palo e bokellaneng ea li-PGM ho li-catalyst tse sebelisitsoeng e kholo haholo, e leng se etsang hore e be mohloli oa bohlokoa oa bobeli.

Melao-motheo ea High - Mocheso Cyanide Leaching

Cyanide Complexation

Cyanide leaching e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo indastering ea merafo, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho ntša khauta. Molao-motheo o itšetlehile ka bokhoni ba li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) ho etsa li-complexes tse tsitsitseng tse nang le litšepe tse itseng. Tabeng ea li-PGM, tlas'a mocheso o phahameng - le maemo a loketseng a alkaline, CN⁻ e ka itšoara ka Pt, Pd, le Rh ho etsa metsoako ea cyanide e qhibilihang. Karabelo ena e rarahaneng e lumella li-PGM hore li qhibilihe ho tloha matrix a tiileng a catalyst ho kena tharollo, ho nolofalletsa mekhoa e latelang ea ho arohana le ho hlaphoheloa.

Hodimo - Ntlafatso ya Mocheso

Maemo a mocheso a phahameng a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khothaletseng ts'ebetso ea ho lahla metsi. Ho eketsa mocheso ho potlakisa karabelo kinetics. Lithempereichara tse phahameng, tekanyo ea ho ata ha li-ion tsa cyanide holim'a likaroloana tsa PGM e eketseha, 'me lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale li etsahala ka potlako. Ka mohlala, liphuputso li bontšitse hore mocheso o phahameng oa cyanide leaching ea PGMs ho tloha ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi, ho phahamisa mocheso ho tloha ho 100 ° C ho ea ho 150 ° C ho ka eketsa haholo katleho ea Pd le Pt. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore mocheso o phahameng haholo o ka tlisa mathata a mang, joalo ka tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea matla le litlamorao tse ka bang teng.

Ts'ebetso ea Boemo bo Phahameng - Thempereichara ea Cyanide Leaching bakeng sa Li-Catalysts tsa Likoloi

Phekolo ea Pele ea Li-Catalysts

Pele ho ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mocheso oa cyanide, li-catalyst tsa koloi tse sebelisitsoeng hangata li hloka ho lokisoa esale pele. Mohato ona ke oa bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea leaching. Ntlha ea pele, li-catalysts li sithabelitsoe 'meleng' me li fatše ho fokotsa boholo ba likaroloana, tse eketsang sebaka se itseng sa holimo le ho pepesa li-PGM tse ngata bakeng sa ho itšoara. Joale, li ka 'na tsa e-ba tlas'a phekolo ea mocheso, e kang ho halika, ho tlosa carbon le litšila tse ling holim'a mokelikeli, ho etsa hore li-PGM li fumanehe habonolo ho tharollo ea cyanide.

Ts'ebetso ea Leaching

Mokhahlelong oa ho ntša metsi, li-catalyst tse phekotsoeng esale pele li kenngoa ka har'a sejana sa karabelo se nang le tharollo e nang le cyanide, hangata Sodium Cyanide (NaCN). Sejana sa karabelo se futhumatsoa mochesong o phahameng o loketseng, hangata se pakeng tsa 120 - 180 °C, 'me khatello e fetoloa ho latela litlhoko. Hangata oksijene kapa moemeli oa oxidizing o hlahisoa ho khothaletsa oxidation ea li-PGM le ho ntlafatsa karabelo ea complexation. Nako ea ho ntša metsi e fapana ho latela sebopeho sa catalyst le maemo a karabelo, ka kakaretso e tloha lihora tse 'maloa ho isa ho lihora tse fetang leshome.

Karohano le Tsosoloso ea li-PGM

Kamora ts'ebetso ea leaching, tharollo e na le PGM e qhibilihisitsoeng - cyanide complexes. Ho khutlisa li-PGM, mekhoa e fapaneng ea karohano e ka sebelisoa. Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng ke ho ntša mokelikeli, moo motsoako o loketseng oa tlhaho o sebelisetsoang ho ntša li-PGM ka mokhoa o ikhethileng oa joala ba cyanide leach. Mohlala, lino tse ling tsa ionic li bonts'itse khetho e ntle ea ho arola Pt le Pd ho tsoa ho joala ba leach. Mokhoa o mong ke oa pula. Ka ho fetola boleng ba pH ba tharollo kapa ho eketsa li-ajenti tse itseng tsa pula, li-PGM li ka ntšoa ka har'a tharollo ka mokhoa oa matsoai a tšepe kapa li-complexes, tse ka ntlafatsoang hape ho fumana li-PGM tse hloekileng.

Melemo ea High - Mocheso Cyanide Leaching

Phatlalatso e Phahameng ea ho Pholisa

Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea setso ea ho khutlisa li-PGM ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi, mocheso o phahameng oa cyanide leaching o ka fihlela litheko tse phahameng tsa ho hlaphoheloa. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore tlas'a maemo a ntlafetseng, litekanyetso tsa leaching tsa Pt, Pd, le Rh li ka fihla ho feta 90%, 'me maemong a mang, esita le haufi le 100%. Ka mohlala, phuputsong ea mocheso o phahameng oa cyanide leaching ea PGMs ho tloha ho li-converter tsa autocatalytic tse khathetseng, autoclave leaching ho 150 ° C, e nang le khatello ea karolo ea oksijene ea 200 psi le nako ea 120 min, e fane ka> 90% ea ho qhibiliha ha PGMs.

Khetho

Cyanide e na le tekanyo e itseng ea khetho ea ho kopanya le PGMs. Tlas'a maemo a nepahetseng, e ka sebelisana hantle le Pt, Pd, le Rh ha e ntse e sebelisana hanyane le likarolo tse ling tse ngata ka har'a matrix a catalyst, joalo ka likarolo tsa ceramic le litšepe tse ling. Khetho ena e nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea karohano e latelang mme e thusa ho fumana li-PGM ka bohloeki bo phahameng.

Mathata le Litharollo

Chefo ea Cyanide

Tšebeliso ea cyanide ts'ebetsong ea leaching e amahanngoa le mathata a bohlokoa a tikoloho le polokeho ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e phahameng. Cyanide e ka ba kotsi bophelong ba batho le tikolohong haeba e sa laoloe hantle. Ho rarolla bothata bona, mehato e tiileng ea polokeho e kengoa ts'ebetsong ts'ebetsong ea indasteri. Ka mohlala, litsamaiso tse koetsoeng - loop li etselitsoe ho fokotsa ho lokolloa ha cyanide tikolohong. Ho feta moo, kalafo ea cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila ke ea bohlokoa. Litheknoloji tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, joalo ka oxidation ea lik'hemik'hale le kalafo ea baeloji, li ka sebelisoa ho bola cyanide hore e be lintho tse seng kotsi haholo pele ho qhaloa metsi a litšila.

Tšebeliso e Phahameng ea Matla

Tlhokahalo ea mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso e lebisa tšebelisong e batlang e phahame ea matla. Ho fokotsa bothata bona, ho ntse ho etsoa boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa maemo a karabelo. Mohlala, ka taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso, khatello le nako ea karabelo, tlhahiso ea matla e ka fokotsoa ha ho ntse ho bolokoa ts'ebetso e phahameng ea leaching. Ho feta moo, nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa tse sebetsang hantle le ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebetso tsa ho khutlisa mocheso oa litšila le tsona li ka thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea matla a mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso oa cyanide.

fihlela qeto e

Ho ntsha cyanide e nang le mocheso o phahameng ho bonts'a monyetla o moholo oa ho fumana litšepe tsa bohlokoa , haholo-holo li-PGM, ho tsoa ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi. E fana ka bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho hlaphoheloa le khetho, e leng tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho sebelisoa hape ha mehloli ena ea bohlokoa moruong le ka katleho. Leha ho na le liphephetso tse kang chefo ea cyanide le tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla, lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le boqapi ba theknoloji li ntse li etsoa ho rarolla mathata ana. Ka tlhoko e ntseng e eketseha ea li-PGM le khatello e ntseng e hola ea ho sebelisa hape mehloli le tšireletso ea tikoloho, ho ntsha cyanide e nang le mocheso o phahameng ho lebelletsoe ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholoanyane nakong e tlang ea indasteri ea ho sebelisa hape bakeng sa li-catalyst tsa likoloi.