Ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mocheso oa cyanidation bakeng sa ho khutlisa litšepe tsa bohlokoa ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi

Selelekela

Platinum - lihlopha tsa tšepe (PGMs), ho akarelletsa le platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), le rhodium (Rh), li bohlokoa haholo liindastering tse sa tšoaneng. Indastering ea likoloi, li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho li-converter tsa catalytic, tse bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi ea mosi oa likoloi. Leha ho le joalo, li-PGM lia haella ebile li ajoa ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang tlhahong, 'me ho ntšoa ha tsona ho tloha ho ore ea mantlha hangata ho rarahane ebile ho bitsa chelete e ngata. Ka lebaka leo, ho tsosolosoa ha PGM ho tsoa mehloling ea bobeli, e kang e sebelisitsoeng Li-catalyst tsa likoloi, e fumane tlhokomelo e ntseng e eketseha. Phahameng - mocheso cyanide Leaching e hlaha e le mokhoa o ka sebelisoang molemong ona.

Karolo ea Li-PGM ho Li-Catalysts tsa Likoloi

Li-catalytic converter tsa likoloi li etselitsoe ho fetola litšila tse chefo likhase tsa mosi, tse kang k'habone Monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), le nitrogen oxides (NOx), di fetoha dintho tse seng kotsi hakaalo jwalo ka carbon dioxide (CO₂), naetrojene (N₂), le metsi (H₂O). Di-PGM ke dikarolo tsa bohlokwa tse sebetsang ho di-converter tsena. Mohlala, Pt le Pd di sebetsa hantle bakeng sa ho oxidiza CO le HC, ha Rh e sebediswa haholoholo bakeng sa ho fokotsa NOx. Tlhoko ya di-PGM indastering ya dikoloi e kgolo. Ka 1990, di-ounces tse dimilione tse 1.3 tsa platinum, di-ounces tse 230.000 tsa palladium, le di-ounces tse 330.000 tsa rhodium di ile tsa sebediswa tlhahisong ya di-catalyst tsa dikoloi. Ha ho nahanoa ka kgolo e tswelang pele ya indasteri ya dikoloi ho theosa le dilemo, palo e bokellaneng ya di-PGM di-catalyst tse sebedisitsweng e kgolo haholo, e leng se etsang hore e be mohlodi wa bohlokwa wa bobedi.

Melao-motheo ea High - Mocheso Cyanide Leaching

Cyanide Complexation

Cyanide leaching e 'nile ea sebelisoa haholo indastering ea merafo, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho ntša khauta. Molao-motheo o itšetlehile ka bokhoni ba li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) ho etsa li-complexes tse tsitsitseng tse nang le litšepe tse itseng. Tabeng ea li-PGM, tlas'a mocheso o phahameng - le maemo a loketseng a alkaline, CN⁻ e ka itšoara ka Pt, Pd, le Rh ho etsa metsoako ea cyanide e qhibilihang. Karabelo ena e rarahaneng e lumella li-PGM hore li qhibilihe ho tloha matrix a tiileng a catalyst ho kena tharollo, ho nolofalletsa mekhoa e latelang ea ho arohana le ho hlaphoheloa.

Hodimo - Ntlafatso ya Mocheso

Maemo a mocheso a phahameng a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khothaletseng ts'ebetso ea ho lahla metsi. Ho eketsa mocheso ho potlakisa karabelo kinetics. Lithempereichara tse phahameng, tekanyo ea ho ata ha li-ion tsa cyanide holim'a likaroloana tsa PGM e eketseha, 'me lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale li etsahala ka potlako. Ka mohlala, liphuputso li bontšitse hore mocheso o phahameng oa cyanide leaching ea PGMs ho tloha ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi, ho phahamisa mocheso ho tloha ho 100 ° C ho ea ho 150 ° C ho ka eketsa haholo katleho ea Pd le Pt. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloe hore mocheso o phahameng haholo o ka tlisa mathata a mang, joalo ka tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea matla le litlamorao tse ka bang teng.

Ts'ebetso ea Boemo bo Phahameng - Thempereichara ea Cyanide Leaching bakeng sa Li-Catalysts tsa Likoloi

Phekolo ea Pele ea Li-Catalysts

Pele ho ts'ebetso e phahameng ea mocheso oa cyanide, li-catalyst tsa koloi tse sebelisitsoeng hangata li hloka ho lokisoa esale pele. Mohato ona ke oa bohlokoa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea leaching. Ntlha ea pele, li-catalysts li sithabelitsoe 'meleng' me li fatše ho fokotsa boholo ba likaroloana, tse eketsang sebaka se itseng sa holimo le ho pepesa li-PGM tse ngata bakeng sa ho itšoara. Joale, li ka 'na tsa e-ba tlas'a phekolo ea mocheso, e kang ho halika, ho tlosa carbon le litšila tse ling holim'a mokelikeli, ho etsa hore li-PGM li fumanehe habonolo ho tharollo ea cyanide.

Ts'ebetso ea Leaching

Sebakeng sa leaching, li-catalyst tse entsoeng esale pele li kenngoa ka har'a seketsoana sa karabelo se nang le tharollo e nang le cyanide, hangata. Sodium cyanide (NaCN). Sekepe sa karabelo se futhumatsoa ho mocheso o phahameng o loketseng, hangata o maemong a 120 - 180 ° C, 'me khatello e fetoloa ho latela litlhoko. Hangata oksijene kapa moemeli oa oxidizing o hlahisoa ho khothaletsa oxidation ea li-PGM le ho ntlafatsa karabelo e rarahaneng. Nako ea leaching e fapana ho latela sebopeho sa catalyst le maemo a karabelo, hangata ho tloha lihora tse 'maloa ho ea ho lihora tse fetang leshome.

Karohano le Tsosoloso ea li-PGM

Kamora ts'ebetso ea leaching, tharollo e na le PGM e qhibilihisitsoeng - cyanide complexes. Ho khutlisa li-PGM, mekhoa e fapaneng ea karohano e ka sebelisoa. Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng ke ho ntša mokelikeli, moo motsoako o loketseng oa tlhaho o sebelisetsoang ho ntša li-PGM ka mokhoa o ikhethileng oa joala ba cyanide leach. Mohlala, lino tse ling tsa ionic li bonts'itse khetho e ntle ea ho arola Pt le Pd ho tsoa ho joala ba leach. Mokhoa o mong ke oa pula. Ka ho fetola boleng ba pH ba tharollo kapa ho eketsa li-ajenti tse itseng tsa pula, li-PGM li ka ntšoa ka har'a tharollo ka mokhoa oa matsoai a tšepe kapa li-complexes, tse ka ntlafatsoang hape ho fumana li-PGM tse hloekileng.

Melemo ea High - Mocheso Cyanide Leaching

Phatlalatso e Phahameng ea ho Pholisa

Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea setso ea ho khutlisa li-PGM ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi, mocheso o phahameng oa cyanide leaching o ka fihlela litheko tse phahameng tsa ho hlaphoheloa. Liphuputso li bontšitse hore tlas'a maemo a ntlafetseng, litekanyetso tsa leaching tsa Pt, Pd, le Rh li ka fihla ho feta 90%, 'me maemong a mang, esita le haufi le 100%. Ka mohlala, phuputsong ea mocheso o phahameng oa cyanide leaching ea PGMs ho tloha ho li-converter tsa autocatalytic tse khathetseng, autoclave leaching ho 150 ° C, e nang le khatello ea karolo ea oksijene ea 200 psi le nako ea 120 min, e fane ka> 90% ea ho qhibiliha ha PGMs.

Khetho

Cyanide e na le tekanyo e itseng ea khetho ea ho kopanya le PGMs. Tlas'a maemo a nepahetseng, e ka sebelisana hantle le Pt, Pd, le Rh ha e ntse e sebelisana hanyane le likarolo tse ling tse ngata ka har'a matrix a catalyst, joalo ka likarolo tsa ceramic le litšepe tse ling. Khetho ena e nolofatsa ts'ebetso ea karohano e latelang mme e thusa ho fumana li-PGM ka bohloeki bo phahameng.

Mathata le Litharollo

Chefo ea Cyanide

Tšebeliso ea cyanide ts'ebetsong ea leaching e amahanngoa le mathata a bohlokoa a tikoloho le polokeho ka lebaka la chefo ea eona e phahameng. Cyanide e ka ba kotsi bophelong ba batho le tikolohong haeba e sa laoloe hantle. Ho rarolla bothata bona, mehato e tiileng ea polokeho e kengoa ts'ebetsong ts'ebetsong ea indasteri. Ka mohlala, litsamaiso tse koetsoeng - loop li etselitsoe ho fokotsa ho lokolloa ha cyanide tikolohong. Ho feta moo, kalafo ea cyanide - e nang le metsi a litšila ke ea bohlokoa. Litheknoloji tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, joalo ka oxidation ea lik'hemik'hale le kalafo ea baeloji, li ka sebelisoa ho bola cyanide hore e be lintho tse seng kotsi haholo pele ho qhaloa metsi a litšila.

Tšebeliso e Phahameng ea Matla

Tlhokahalo ea mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso e lebisa tšebelisong e batlang e phahame ea matla. Ho fokotsa bothata bona, ho ntse ho etsoa boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa maemo a karabelo. Mohlala, ka taolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso, khatello le nako ea karabelo, tlhahiso ea matla e ka fokotsoa ha ho ntse ho bolokoa ts'ebetso e phahameng ea leaching. Ho feta moo, nts'etsopele ea lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa tse sebetsang hantle le ts'ebeliso ea lits'ebetso tsa ho khutlisa mocheso oa litšila le tsona li ka thusa ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea matla a mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso oa cyanide.

fihlela qeto e

Mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso oa cyanide o bontša monyetla o moholo oa ho hlaphoheloa tšepe ea bohlokoa e, haholo-holo li-PGM, tse tsoang ho li-catalyst tsa likoloi. E fana ka ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho hlaphoheloa le khetho, e leng tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea moruo le e sebetsang ea lisebelisoa tsena tsa bohlokoa. Le hoja liqholotso tse kang chefo ea cyanide le tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla li le teng, lipatlisiso tse tsoelang pele le boqapi ba theknoloji li ntse li etsoa ho rarolla mathata ana. Ka tlhokahalo e ntseng e eketseha ea li-PGM le khatello e ntseng e hola ea phepelo ea lisebelisoa le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, mocheso o phahameng oa cyanide leaching o lebelletsoe ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa le ho feta bokamosong ba indasteri ea ho nchafatsa lisebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa likoloi.