Sabbin Hanyoyin Samar da Ayyukan Sodium Cyanide

1. Gabatarwa

sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani muhimmin sinadari ne mai mahimmanci wanda ake amfani dashi a masana'antu daban-daban, kamar hakar gwal, lantarki, da haɗin sinadarai. The Hanyoyin samarwa of Sodium cyanide sun kasance suna ci gaba da haɓakawa don haɓaka inganci, rage farashi, da haɓaka abokantaka na muhalli. Wannan labarin zai gabatar da da yawa daga cikin sabbin hanyoyin samarwa na sodium Cyanide.

2. Ammoniya - Hanyar sodium

2.1 Ƙa'idar Tsari

A cikin hanyar ammonia - sodium, an fara ƙara sodium na ƙarfe da coke na man fetur a cikin wani ma'auni mai mahimmanci. Ana ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa 650 ° C, kuma ana shigar da iskar ammonia. Yayin da aka ƙara yawan zafin jiki zuwa 800 ° C, wani abu yana faruwa a cikin tsawon sa'o'i 7, lokacin da sodium na ƙarfe ya zama gaba ɗaya. sodium cyanide. Bayan haka, ana tace masu amsawa a zafin jiki na 650 ° C don kawar da wuce haddi na coke mai. Ana fitar da narkakkar samfurin sannan a jefar da shi cikin sifar da ake so don samun samfuran sodium cyanide.

2.2 Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Wannan tsari yana da ƙa'idar amsawa mai sauƙi, kuma albarkatun sodium da ammonia suna da yawa a cikin masana'antar sinadarai.

• disadvantagesYanayin zafin jiki mai girma yana buƙatar yawan adadin kuzari. Hakanan, amfani da sodium na ƙarfe yana haifar da wasu haɗari na aminci saboda yawan amsawar sa.

3. Hanyar narkewar Cyanide

3.1 Ƙa'idar Tsari

Ana narkar da Cyanide da gubar oxide zuwa tanki mai hakar. Matsakaicin rabo na cyanide narke zuwa gubar oxide shine (500 - 700): 1. Bugu da ƙari na gubar oxide yana taimakawa a cikin desulfurization ta hanyar samar da gubar sulfide hazo. Ana ba da izinin ruwan hakar ya daidaita, kuma sakamakon ruwa mai tsabta ya ƙunshi 80 - 90 g/L na NaCN. A cikin janareta, wannan ruwa yana amsawa tare da sulfuric acid da aka tattara don samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide. Bayan narkar da ruwa don cire ruwa, iskar hydrogen cyanide ta shiga cikin reactor mai sha kuma ta amsa da ruwa alkali (sodium hydroxide solution) don samar da sodium cyanide.

3.2 Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Wannan tsari zai iya kawar da ƙazantattun sulfur da kyau ta hanyar ƙari na gubar gubar, wanda ke da amfani don inganta ingancin samfurin ƙarshe.

• disadvantages: Yin amfani da gubar gubar na iya haifar da matsalolin gurbatar muhalli da ke tattare da gubar. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa kamar hakar, amsawa, da sha, wanda ke ƙara rikitarwa na aiki.

4. Tsarin Andrussow (Hanyar Anshig)

4.1 Ƙa'idar Tsari

Tsarin Andrussow yana amfani da iskar gas, ammonia, da iska a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa. Na farko, ana wanke iskar gas a cikin ruwa - hasumiya don cire sulfur na inorganic da wani ɓangare na sulfur na kwayoyin. Bayan tacewa, iskar gas mai ladabi yakamata ya sami abun ciki na sulfur na ≤1 mg/m³ kuma abun ciki na hydrocarbons sama da C₂ yakamata ya zama ƙasa da 2%. Ruwan ammonia yana turɓaya a cikin injin vaporizer, kuma ana tace iska ta hanyar tacewa. Ana gauraya albarkatun kasa guda uku a cikin mahaɗa a gwargwadon ammoniya: methane: iska = 1: (1.15 - 1.17): (6.70 - 6.80). Haɗaɗɗen iskar gas yana shiga cikin reactor oxidation tare da platinum - rhodium gami a matsayin mai kara kuzari. A zafin jiki na 1070 - 1120 ° C, wani abu yana faruwa don samar da gauraye gas mai dauke da 8.5% hydrogen cyanide.

Ana sanyaya iskar gas sannan ya shiga cikin hasumiya mai ɗaukar ammonia, inda ragowar ammonia ke sha da sulfuric acid. Bayan haka, an sanyaya shi da ruwa kuma ana shayar da hydrogen cyanide da ƙananan zafin jiki. Ana fitar da iskar wutsiya bayan an wanke ta da hasumiya mai wanki. Maganin cyanide na hydrogen da ruwa ke sha shine zafi - musayar kuma ya shiga hasumiya mai lalata. A saman hasumiya mai lalata, ana samun hydrogen cyanide tare da tsabta na 98%. Sai wannan sinadarin hydrogen cyanide ya mayar da martani tare da maganin alkali don samar da maganin sodium cyanide, wanda ake kara sarrafa shi ta hanyar evaporation, crystallization, bushewa, da kuma siffata don samun samfurin sodium cyanide na ƙarshe.

4.2 Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

• Abũbuwan amfãni: A yankunan da ke da albarkatun iskar gas, farashin albarkatun kasa ya yi kadan. Tsarin ya kasance mai girma a aikace-aikacen masana'antu, kuma ma'aunin samarwa na iya zama mai girma.

• disadvantages: A yankunan da ba su da albarkatun iskar gas, da abubuwan da suka shafi abubuwa kamar karancin iskar gas, manufofi, da farashi, farashin samar da kayayyaki na iya canzawa sosai. Yanayin zafin jiki mai girma yana buƙatar kayan aiki mai ƙarfi - zafin jiki - kuma yana cinye babban adadin kuzari.

5. Tsarin harshen wuta

5.1 Ƙa'idar Tsari

Ana amfani da iskar gas, oxygen, da ammonia azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Ana tace wadannan iskar gas guda uku daban-daban don cire datti sannan a shigar da mahautsini bayan an daidaita su kuma a gwada su. Ana amfani da wani ɓangare na iskar oxygen a matsayin babban iskar oxygen don shigar da mahaɗin, ɗayan kuma ana ciyar da shi kai tsaye a cikin bututun ƙarfe don kunnawa. Ana haɗe albarkatun ƙasa guda uku a wani ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun kuma suna jujjuya yanayin konewa don haɗa hydrogen cyanide a zafin jiki na 1500 ° C.

Ana kashe iskar gas ɗin ta hanyar fesa ruwa sannan a sanyaya a cikin mai sanyaya. Sa'an nan ya shiga wani ammonia - sha hasumiya, inda saura ammonia a cikin dauki gas ne tunawa da 15% - 20% sulfuric acid, da kuma ammonium sulfate za a iya dawo dasu. Ana sanyaya iskar iskar da ke ɗauke da hydrogen cyanide ta ruwa sannan a shayar da shi da ƙarancin zafin ruwa don samar da maganin cyanide na 1.5% na hydrogen. Wannan bayani yana distilled a cikin wani distillation hasumiya don samun hydrogen cyanide tare da abun ciki na 98% - 99%. A ƙarshe, an shayar da shi ta hanyar maganin alkali, kuma bayan an cire shi, crystallization, bushewa, da siffatawa, ana samun samfurin sodium cyanide.

5.2 Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Wannan tsari zai iya samun in mun gwada da high - tsarki hydrogen cyanide samar. Maido da ammonium sulfate a matsayin samfur na iya kawo wasu fa'idodin tattalin arziki.

• disadvantages: Babban zafin konewa mai zafi yana buƙatar babban adadin shigar da makamashi. Tsarin kuma ya ƙunshi hadaddun ayyuka kamar haɗakar gas, konewa, quenching, da sha, waɗanda ke buƙatar sarrafa matakan matakan girma.

6. Hanyar Pyrolysis Oil Light

6.1 Ƙa'idar Tsari

Ana haxa mai mai haske da ammonia a cikin na'urar atomizer a wani kaso kuma an riga an yi zafi zuwa 280 ° C. Cakuda daga nan ya shiga cikin tanderun baka na lantarki don amsawar pyrolysis. Ana amfani da coke na man fetur a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya, kuma ana amfani da nitrogen a matsayin iskar gas mai kariya don hana oxidation a cikin rufaffiyar muhalli. A zafin jiki na 1450 ° C, wani abu yana faruwa don samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide. Ana cire iskar gas ɗin ƙura - cirewa, sanyaya, kuma ana ƙara sarrafa ta ta matakai kamar kawar da ammonia, wanke ruwa, sha, da distillation don samun tsantsar hydrogen cyanide. A ƙarshe, hydrogen cyanide yana amsawa tare da maganin alkali (sodium hydroxide) don samar da sodium cyanide.

6.2 Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Fasahar aiwatarwa tana da inganci. Yana iya amfani da man fetur mai haske, ɗan ƙaramin abu na yau da kullun a cikin masana'antar petrochemical.

• disadvantages: Akwai matsaloli a cikin desulfurization da ƙazanta kau da hydrogen cyanide. Samfurin yana da yawan amfani da makamashi, kuma maganin "sharar gida uku" (sharar gas, ruwan sha, da sauran sharar gida) yana da wahala. Farashin samarwa yana da inganci.

7. Acrylonitrile By - Samfurin Hanyar

7.1 Ƙa'idar Tsari

A cikin aiwatar da samar da acrylonitrile ta hanyar ammoxidation na propylene, ana samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide a matsayin samfurin (adadin yana daidai da 4% - 10% na samar da acrylonitrile). Gas ɗin da ke ɗauke da hydrogen cyanide yana ɗaukar maganin alkali. Bayan ƙafewa, maida hankali, rabuwa, da bushewa, ana samun samfurin sodium cyanide.

7.2 Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Wannan tsari ne na amfani da samfur, wanda zai iya yin cikakken amfani da albarkatu kuma ya rage farashin samarwa zuwa wani matsayi.

• disadvantages: Samar da sodium cyanide yana iyakance ta hanyar samar da sikelin acrylonitrile. Ingancin samfurin hydrogen cyanide na iya shafar babban tsarin samar da acrylonitrile, wanda ke buƙatar kulawa mai ƙarfi da tsarkakewa.

8. Hanyar Ammoxidation Methanol

8.1 Ƙa'idar Tsari

Iska ta bi ta cikin tacewa da na'urar dumama sannan ta shiga tanderun amsawa. Liquid ammonia yana tururi kuma methanol yana ƙafe. Suna shigar da mahaɗa kafin a haɗa su sannan su amsa da iska a cikin tanderun amsawa. Karkashin aikin mai kara kuzari wanda ya kunshi Fe - Mo oxide, abin da ya haifar yana haifar da hydrogen cyanide. Gas na hydrogen cyanide ya shiga hasumiya ta de - ammonia don cire ammonia sannan ya sami hydrogen cyanide. A ƙarshe, an shafe shi ta hanyar maganin alkali don shirya sodium cyanide.

8.2 Fa'idodi da rashin amfani

• Abũbuwan amfãni: Yin amfani da methanol da ammonia a matsayin albarkatun ƙasa ya zama ruwan dare gama gari, kuma za a iya sake yin amfani da abin da ke kara kuzari da sake amfani da shi zuwa wani ɗan lokaci. Ana iya daidaita tsarin bisa ga bukatun samarwa.

• disadvantages: Mai kara kuzari yana kula da yanayin amsawa, kuma ƙananan canje-canje a zafin jiki, matsa lamba, da rabon albarkatun ƙasa na iya shafar aiki da zaɓin mai ƙara kuzari, don haka yana shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa da ingancin samfur.

9. Kammalawa

Hanyoyin samar da sodium cyanide kowanne yana da halaye na kansa. Zaɓin tsarin samarwa ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban kamar wadatar albarkatun ƙasa, farashi, buƙatun muhalli, da sikelin samarwa. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da fasaha na fasaha, sababbin hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki na iya fitowa a nan gaba, da nufin kara inganta ingantaccen aiki da yanayin muhalli na samar da sodium cyanide. Yayin da buƙatun sodium cyanide a cikin masana'antu daban-daban ke ci gaba da haɓaka, haɓakawa da haɓaka hanyoyin samarwa za su taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen biyan buƙatun kasuwa tare da tabbatar da ci gaba mai dorewa.