Ƙimar Da Aka Aiwatar da Hanya da Tsarin Hanyar Cyanidation Vat Leaching don Ma'adinan Zinariya

1. Gabatarwa

The Cyanidation vat leaching Hanyar wani muhimmin tsari ne a cikin hakar zinare don hako zinare daga ma'adinai. Wannan hanya tana da ƙayyadaddun iyawar sa da kuma jerin matakai da aka tsara da kyau, waɗanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen fitar da albarkatun gwal.

2. Iyakar Da Aka Aiwatar

2.1 Bukatar Girman Barbashin Ore

Kayayyakin zinari da suka dace da hanyar leaching na vatawa yawanci suna da kyau - yaɗa zinari. Lokacin da barbashi na zinariya a cikin ma'adinan suna da kyau sosai, yana da wuya a raba su ta hanyoyi masu sauƙi na rabuwa na jiki kamar rabuwar nauyi. A irin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya amfani da hanyar leaching na cyanidation vat. Misali, a cikin wasu oxide - nau'in nau'in nau'in gwal, zinari yakan kasance a cikin nau'in hatsi mai kyau, wanda za'a iya magance shi da kyau ta hanyar leaching.

2.2 Bukatun Darajin Ore

Wannan hanya ta dace musamman ga ƙananan - grade ko ultra - low-grade zinariya. Don manyan ma'adanai na zinariya, mafi inganci da ƙarancin lokaci - hanyoyin hakar za a iya fifita. Koyaya, don ƙarancin ma'auni inda abun ciki na zinari a kowace raka'a na ma'adinai ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, hanyar leaching ta har yanzu na iya cimma hakar tattalin arziƙin ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa. Ƙananan farashi na aikin leaching vat ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai dacewa don sarrafa irin wannan ma'adinai.

2.3 Bukatun Lalacewar Ore

Ores tare da rashin ƙarfi mara kyau kuma sun dace da leaching. Idan tama yana da kyau permeability, da cyanide Magani na iya gudana ta cikin ma'adinan da sauri, yana haifar da rashin isasshen lokacin hulɗa tsakanin cyanide da zinare, don haka rage yawan leaching na zinariya. Sabanin haka, ga ma'adinan da ba su da kyau, hanyar leaching na vat na iya sarrafa saurin gudu da lokacin tuntuɓar maganin cyanide a cikin ma'adinan don tabbatar da kyakkyawan sakamakon leaching. Misali, baƙin ƙarfe oxide - comping - nau'in zinare da aka gunduma da zinare - gyada mai kyau sau da yawa suna da rashin tsaro ga Vat leaching. Hanyar leaching na vat na iya samun ƙimar dawo da fa'ida na 70 - 90% na irin wannan ma'adinai.

3. Tsarin Tsari

3.1 Shiri na Leaching Vats

Abubuwan leaching da ake amfani da su a cikin aikin yawanci ana yin su ne da abubuwa kamar itace, ƙarfe, ko siminti. Ƙasar vat ɗin na iya zama lebur ko ɗan karkata, kuma siffar na iya zama madauwari, rectangular, ko murabba'i. A cikin vat ɗin, an shigar da ƙasan ƙarya da aka yi da perforated acid - faranti masu juriya. Ana ɗora zanen tacewa akan ƙasan karya, kuma grid ɗin da aka yi da igiya na katako ko lalata - an rufe filayen ƙarfe mai juriya akan rigar tacewa. Ana amfani da ƙasan ƙarya don tacewa da tallafawa tama. Kafin fara aikin leaching, ya zama dole a tabbatar da cewa tururuwa, musamman ma'adinan leaching da matalauta - ruwa, ba za su iya jurewa ba kuma a bushe.

3.2 Maganin Kaya - Crush da Screening

Zinariya da aka haƙa - masu ɗaukar ma'adinan suna buƙatar murkushe su zuwa takamaiman girman barbashi. Da fari dai, ana ciyar da ma'adinan a cikin matakin murkushewa don sauƙin rabuwa. Dangane da girman ɓangarorin ma'adanin da ake buƙata, akwai ƙaƙƙarfan - murkushewa, matsakaita - murkushewa, da lafiya - ayyukan murƙushewa. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da muƙamuƙin muƙamuƙi don m - murkushewa, wanda zai iya rage girman barbashi zuwa kusan 50 - 100mm. Sa'an nan kuma, ana amfani da mazugi na mazugi don matsakaita - murkushewa da lafiya - ayyukan murkushewa, rage girman barbashi zuwa kewayon 5 - 25mm. Bayan murkushe, ana duba ma'adinan ta hanyar allo mai girgiza don tabbatar da girman ɓangarorin iri ɗaya. Ana mayar da ma'adinan da ba su cika buƙatun da ba su cika buƙatun ƙima ba don sake murkushe su, kuma waɗanda suka cancanta - masu girma dabam suna shiga mataki na gaba.

3.3 Tsarin Leaching

1. Loda Ores a cikin Vat: An ɗora ma'adinan da aka niƙa da su a cikin ma'aunin leaching.

2. Ana Shirya Maganin Leaching: A cikin matalauta - ruwa vat, an shirya maganin cyanide alkaline a matsayin wakili na leaching. Matsakaicin maganin cyanide yawanci ana sarrafa shi a cikin wani takamaiman kewayon, gabaɗaya 0.05% - 0.1%, wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar gwaje-gwaje bisa ga takamaiman kaddarorin ma'adinai. Wannan maida hankali zai iya tabbatar da ingantaccen hakar zinare yayin da yake rage tasirin muhalli.

3. Aikin Leaching: Ana zubar da maganin leaching da aka shirya a cikin tukunyar leaching. A lokacin aikin leaching, maganin leaching yana ratsawa a hankali ta cikin ma'adinan tama. Zinariya a cikin ma'adinai yana amsawa tare da cyanide a cikin bayani a ƙarƙashin aikin oxygen (yawanci, ana shigar da iska a cikin vat). Babban ma'aunin halayen sinadaran shine: \(4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). A cikin wannan amsa, zinari yana samar da zinari mai narkewa - rukunin cyanide kuma ya narke cikin maganin. Lokacin leaching yana da ɗan tsayi sosai, yawanci yana kama daga kwanaki da yawa zuwa makonni da yawa, ya danganta da abubuwa kamar yanayin ma'adinan, girman ƙwayar takin, da tattarawar maganin leaching. A lokacin aikin leaching, ya zama dole a kai a kai gano ƙaddamarwar maganin leaching, ƙimar pH na maganin, da abun ciki na zinariya a cikin maganin don tabbatar da cewa leaching dauki ya ci gaba a ƙarƙashin ingantattun yanayi.

3.4 Rabuwar Zinariya - Magani Mai Haɗi (Mawadaci - Liquid)

Lokacin da leaching ya kai ga wani lokaci kuma ta hanyar ganowa, lokacin da maida hankali da darajar ruwa ya cika buƙatun, ana fitar da maganin zinari (mai arziki - ruwa) daga ƙasan vat. Mai arziki - ruwa ya ƙunshi narkar da zinari - rukunin cyanide kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin sarrafawa don dawo da zinare.

3.5 Gold farfadowa da na'ura

1. Tushen Zinc Foda (Sheet) Hanyar Kaura: Hanyar gama gari ɗaya don Farfadowar zinari ita ce hanyar juyawar foda (sheet). Zinc yana da mafi ƙarfi rage dukiya fiye da zinariya. Lokacin da aka ƙara zinc foda ko takardar zinc zuwa mai arziki - ruwa, motsin motsi yana faruwa. Ma'aunin halayen sinadaran shine: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). Zinariya ta ƙaura daga hadadden siyanide na zinari ta hanyar zinc kuma tana hazo a cikin sigar ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi. Bayan yanayin ƙaura, ana tace ruwa mai ƙarfi don samun zinari - wanda ke ɗauke da daskararru, sannan a ƙara sarrafa su don narkewa.

2. Hanyar Adsorption Carbon Mai Kunnawa: Wata hanyar da aka kunna carbon adsorption. Carbon da aka kunna yana da ƙayyadaddun yanki na musamman da ƙarfin adsorption mai ƙarfi. Mai arziki - ruwa yana wucewa ta cikin ginshiƙi mai cike da carbon da aka kunna. Gine-ginen zinari-cyanide a cikin maganin ana tallata su akan saman carbon da aka kunna. Bayan adsorption, carbon da aka kunna tare da zinare da aka ɗora ( lodi - carbon) an rabu da mafita. Sa'an nan, da ɗora Kwatancen - carbon ne hõre desorption magani. Yawancin lokaci, maganin desorption (kamar cakuda sodium hydroxide da sodium Cyanide) ana amfani da shi don lalata zinare daga carbon da aka kunna a wani yanayin zafi da matsa lamba. Zinare da aka lalatar - wanda ke ɗauke da maganin ana amfani da wutar lantarki don samun zinari.

3.6 Maganin wutsiya da sharar ruwa

1. Maganin Tailings: Bayan an dawo da zinare, ragowar wutsiyoyi har yanzu suna ɗauke da adadin cyanide da sauran ƙazanta. Domin biyan buƙatun kare muhalli, ana buƙatar kula da wutsiya. Hanya ɗaya ta gama gari ita ce ƙara reagents kamar sodium metabisulfite da jan karfe sulfate zuwa wutsiya don bazuwa da cire cyanide. Bayan jiyya, za a iya adana wutsiyoyi da kyau ko kuma a kara sarrafa su.

2. Sharar gida - Maganin Liquid: Sharar gida - ruwan da aka samar yayin aikin ya ƙunshi cyanide da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa. Yana buƙatar a bi da shi ta hanyar matakai kamar hazo sinadarai, musayar ion, da maganin ilimin halitta don rage abun ciki na abubuwa masu cutarwa don saduwa da ƙa'idodin fitarwa na ƙasa kafin a fitar da su.

4. Kammalawa

Hanyar leaching na cyanidation vat yana da ƙayyadaddun ikon aikin sa a cikin masana'antar hakar gwal, musamman don tarar - hatsi, ƙarancin daraja, da ƙananan - iyawar takin gwal. Ta hanyar jerin matakai masu tsauri, wannan hanya za ta iya fitar da gwal daga ma'adanai yadda ya kamata. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa saboda amfani da cyanide a cikin aikin, dole ne a dauki tsauraran matakan tsaro da kare muhalli don tabbatar da lafiyar ma'aikata da kuma rage tasirin muhalli. Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar hakar ma'adinai, ƙarin haɓakawa da haɓakar wannan tsari ana tsammanin inganta haɓakar haɓakar zinare da rage farashi yayin tabbatar da amincin muhalli.