Kayayyakin Jiki da Maɓallin Maɓalli na Sodium Cyanide

sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani fili ne na sinadari tare da manyan aikace-aikacen masana'antu, amma kuma yana da guba sosai. Fahimtar ta jiki Properties da kuma key sigogi yana da mahimmanci don amintaccen mu'amala da amfani a fagage daban-daban.

1. Bayyanar

Sodium cyanide yawanci yana bayyana azaman farin crystalline granules ko foda a cikin sigar sa mai tsarki. A cikin saitunan masana'antu, ana kuma iya saduwa da shi a cikin mafi ƙanƙara ko ƙaƙƙarfan tsari. Launi yawanci fari ne mai tsafta, wanda shine sifa ta zahiri wacce za'a iya amfani da ita don gano farko a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje ko yanayin masana'antu. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa saboda tsananin gubarsa, duban gani ya kamata a yi kawai tare da ingantaccen tsaro.

2. Wari

Yana da ƙamshi mai laushi, ƙamshin halaye sau da yawa ana bayyana shi azaman rauni, ƙamshin almond mai ɗaci. Duk da haka, yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba kowa ba ne zai iya gano wannan warin. Ikon jin warin mahallin cyanide an ƙaddara ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta, kuma wani yanki mai mahimmanci na yawan jama'a ba shi da mai karɓan ƙanshin da ake bukata don gane wannan ƙanshi. Wannan ya sa dogaro da wari kawai don ganowa ba abin dogaro ba ne, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin nagartattun hanyoyin nazari a cikin aminci da sa ido kan masana'antu.

3. Tsarin Crystal

Sodium cyanide crystallizes a cikin cubic crystal tsarin. Wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi tsari na yau da kullun na sodium cations (Na⁺) da cyanide anions (CN⁻). Tsarin kristal mai siffar sukari yana ba da Sodium cyanide da halayyar m - jihar Properties, kamar ta brittleness da cleavage alamu a lokacin da mechanically jaddada. Tsarin lattice a cikin tsarin cubic kuma yana rinjayar sauran kaddarorin jiki kamar solubility da halin narkewa.

4. Matsayin narkewa

Da narkewar batu na sodium Cyanide 563.7 °C (836.8 K). Wannan ingantacciyar ma'anar narkewar ta samo asali ne daga ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin haɗin ionic tsakanin sodium da ions cyanide. Ionic mahadi, kamar sodium cyanide, yana buƙatar adadin kuzari mai yawa don karya waɗannan haɗin gwiwa da kuma canzawa daga mai ƙarfi zuwa lokacin ruwa. Wannan babban wurin narkewa yana da tasiri ga sarrafa masana'antu. Misali, a wasu aikace-aikace inda ake buƙatar narkakkar sodium cyanide, dole ne a yi amfani da na'urorin zafin jiki na musamman don isa da kiyaye yanayin da ake buƙata.

5. Wurin tafasa

Sodium cyanide yana tafasa a 1496 ° C (1769 K). Kama da babban wurin narkewa, babban wurin tafasa shi ne saboda ƙarfin haɗin ionic a cikin fili. Ƙarfin da ake buƙata don raba ions gaba ɗaya daga juna a cikin lokacin ruwa da kuma canza su zuwa yanayin gas yana da mahimmanci. A wurin tafasa, matsa lamba na sodium cyanide ya zama daidai da matsa lamba na yanayi, yana barin ruwan ya zama tururi. Sanin wurin tafasa yana da mahimmanci a cikin matakai waɗanda suka haɗa da distillation ko halayen zafin jiki inda sodium cyanide zai iya kasancewa a cikin lokacin tururi.

6. Yawan yawa

Yawan sodium cyanide yana da kusan 1.596 g/cm³. Wannan ƙimar ƙimar tana nuna cewa ya fi ruwa nauyi, wanda ke da nauyin 1 g/cm³ a ​​daidaitattun yanayi. A aikace, idan sodium cyanide ya shiga cikin zube ko haɗari a cikin yanayi mai ruwa, zai nutse zuwa kasa. Wannan kadarorin yana da mahimmanci don la'akari da muhalli da aminci, saboda yana shafar yadda abun zai watse kuma yana ƙunshe a cikin yanayin sakewar haɗari.

7. Solubility

Sodium cyanide yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. Yana rabuwa da sauri cikin ions sodium (Na⁺) da cyanide ions (CN⁻) a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa. Solubility a cikin ruwa ya dogara da zafin jiki. A 0 ° C, kamar 40.8 g na sodium cyanide zai iya narke a cikin 100 g na ruwa, kuma wannan darajar yana ƙaruwa zuwa 58.7 g / 100 g na ruwa a 20 ° C da 71.2 g / 100 g na ruwa a 30 ° C. Hakanan yana narkewa a cikin sauran kaushi na polar kamar ammonia, ethanol, da methanol. Solubility a cikin waɗannan kaushi yana faruwa ne saboda iyawar ƙwayoyin ƙarfi na polar don yin hulɗa tare da nau'in ionic na sodium cyanide ta hanyar ion - dipole Forces. A cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, kamar a cikin hakar zinari da azurfa inda ake amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa, ƙarfinsa mai yawa a cikin ruwa shine babban abu wanda ke ba da damar hadaddun halayen tare da karafa masu daraja.

8. Hygroscopicity

Sodium cyanide ne hygroscopic, wanda ke nufin yana da karfi da hali na sha danshi daga iska. Lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga iska mai ɗanɗano, yana iya ɗaukar ƙwayoyin ruwa kuma a ƙarshe ya narke, ya samar da maganin ruwa. Wannan dukiya tana da alaƙa da ɓacin ranta. Abubuwan da ba su da ƙarfi, kamar sodium cyanide, suna ɗaukar danshi sosai ta yadda za su iya juyewa zuwa ruwa cikin lokaci. Wannan yanayin hygroscopic yana haifar da ƙalubale a cikin ajiyarsa da sarrafa shi. Dole ne a adana shi a cikin iska - matsugunin kwantena a cikin busasshen wuri don hana shi shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da samuwar iskar hydrogen cyanide ta hanyar halayen hydrolysis.

9. Hawan tururi

Cikakken tururin matsa lamba na sodium cyanide shine 0.13 kPa a 817 ° C. Matsin tururi shine matsin lamba da tururin wani abu ke yi a ma'auni tare da ruwa ko tsayayyen lokaci a wani yanayin zafi. Ga sodium cyanide, ɗan ƙaramin tururi a yanayin zafi na al'ada yana nufin baya yin tururi da sauri. Duk da haka, yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, matsa lamba na tururi kuma yana ƙaruwa. A yanayin zafi mai zafi, kamar a lokacin wasu hanyoyin masana'antu ko kuma idan akwai wuta, ƙara yawan tururi zai iya haifar da sakin tururin sodium cyanide mai guba. Wannan babbar damuwa ce ta aminci, saboda shakar sodium cyanide tururi na iya zama mai haɗari sosai kuma mai yuwuwar mutuwa.

10. Octanol - Ruwa Partition Coefficient (log P)

Matsakaicin rabon rabon ruwa na octanol na sodium cyanide kusan - 1.69. Wannan ma'auni shine ma'auni na ƙayyadaddun dangi na fili a cikin octanol (wanda ba na polar ba) da ruwa (ƙawanin iyakacin duniya). Ƙimar P ɗin mara kyau don sodium cyanide yana nuna cewa ya fi narkewa cikin ruwa fiye da octanol. A takaice dai, yana da babban kusanci ga mahalli na polar. Wannan dukiya tana da mahimmanci wajen fahimtar yadda sodium cyanide za ta kasance a cikin yanayin yanayi, kamar a cikin ruwa. A cikin ilimin kimiyyar muhalli, ana amfani da coefficient na octanol-water partition coefficient don hasashen rarraba sinadarai tsakanin sassan muhalli daban-daban, kamar ruwa, ƙasa, da rayayyun halittu. Tun da sodium cyanide yana da fifiko mai ƙarfi ga ruwa, zai kasance yana kasancewa a cikin tsarin ruwa kuma yana iya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwar ruwa idan ya shiga cikin ruwa ta hanyar fitar da masana'antu ko haɗari.

A ƙarshe, abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da mahimman ma'auni na sodium cyanide suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, da kuma aminci da yanayin muhalli. Saboda tsananin dafin sa, duk wani mu'amala ko amfani da sodium cyanide dole ne a aiwatar da shi tare da matuƙar kulawa, bin ƙa'idodin aminci da ƙa'idodi.