Ingantattun Maganganun Gaggawa don Zubewar Sodium Cyanide

sodium cyanide wani fili mai guba ne da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin matakai daban-daban na masana'antu, gami da hakar ma'adinai da masana'antu. Fitowar hatsari na sodium cyanide zai iya saki hydrocyanic acid (HCN) da cyanide ions (CN-), yana haifar da haɗari ga lafiya da muhalli. Lokacin da irin waɗannan abubuwan suka faru, hanyoyin amsa gaggawa masu dacewa da inganci suna da mahimmanci don rage haɗarin da ke tattare da fallasa cyanide. Anan, mun zayyana hanyoyin mayar da martani na gaggawa guda uku: alkaline chlorination, neutralization-base neutralization, da hadaddun sha.

1. Hanyar chlorination alkaline

Alkaline chlorination yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da suka fi dacewa don magancewa sodium Cyanide zubewa. Wannan dabarar tana amfani da rage kaddarorin ions na cyanide, wanda za'a iya yin amfani da su ta hanyar oxidants mai ƙarfi. Na yau da kullun oxidants da ake amfani da su a wannan hanyar sun haɗa da bleaching foda (calcium hypochlorite) da kuma sinadarin sodium hypochlorite.

Lokacin da waɗannan oxidants suka haɗu da ions cyanide, wani sinadari yana faruwa wanda ke canza CN mai guba zuwa abubuwan da ba su da guba kamar carbon dioxide (CO2) da nitrogen (N2). Wannan jujjuyawar yana kawar da gubar cyanide yadda ya kamata, yana mai da shi yanayin muhalli.

Tsarin yana buƙatar yanayin sarrafawa tam don tabbatar da cikakken iskar shaka da kuma hana samuwar tsaka-tsaki mai guba. Dole ne masu amsawa su sa ido sosai kan abin da abin ya faru kuma su bi ka'idojin aminci don guje wa duk wani sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba.

2. Hanyar tsaka-tsakin acid-base

Wata hanyar gama gari don mu'amala da ita Sodium cyanide zubewa shine neutralization na tushen acid. Wannan hanya tana amfani da raunin acidity na hydrocyanic acid, wanda za'a iya kawar da shi tare da tushe mai karfi. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ruwan lemun tsami (calcium hydroxide), soda caustic (sodium hydroxide), da ammonia (ammonium hydroxide).

Halin tsaka-tsaki yana haifar da gishiri na halitta maras canzawa wanda ke taimakawa sarrafa hydrocyanic acid. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa sakamakon maganin ruwa yana da guba sosai kuma dole ne a tattara shi kuma a kara sarrafa shi don tabbatar da tsaro.

Bugu da ƙari, dole ne a ba da hankali ga sarrafa yaduwar maganin neutralization, saboda carbon dioxide a cikin iska zai iya maye gurbin cyanide a cikin maganin ruwa, wanda zai iya haifar da gurɓataccen abu na biyu. Don haka, dole ne masu ceto su aiwatar da tsauraran matakan kulawa don hana yaduwar abubuwa masu guba.

3. Hanyar sha mai rikitarwa

Hanyar sha mai rikitarwa ta dogara ne akan kaddarorin da ions cyanide zasu iya samar da hadaddun tare da wasu ions na ƙarfe (kamar azurfa da tagulla). Lokacin da ions cyanide suka ci karo da waɗannan ions na ƙarfe, an samar da gidaje marasa guba, irin su rukunin cyanide na azurfa da rukunin cyanide na jan karfe.

Wannan hanyar tana amfani da carbon da aka kunna azaman mai ɗaukar ion karfe. Lokacin da aka haɗe rukunin cyanide na azurfa ko jan ƙarfe zuwa saman carbon ɗin da aka kunna, za su iya amsawa tare da hydrocyanic acid don samar da barga, wuraren da ba mai guba ba, waɗanda ba kawai suna taimakawa lalata ba har ma suna da tasirin lalata yankin da abin ya shafa.

Kariyar tsaro da matakan kariya

Baya ga hanyoyin jiyya da ke sama, yana da mahimmanci kuma a ɗauki matakan tsaro a yayin da ɗigon sodium cyanide ya faru. Na farko, ma'aikatan ceto su motsa kowane cyanide a wurin da hatsarin ya faru zuwa wuri mai aminci don hana lalacewar marufi da gurɓatar muhalli na gaba.

Idan aka samu gobarar cyanide, masu ceto su yi amfani da feshin ruwa don kashe wutar. Yana da mahimmanci a guji yin amfani da abubuwan kashe acidic ko alkaline saboda suna iya dagula lamarin kuma suna haifar da sakin iskar gas mai guba.

Bugu da kari, lokacin da hydrogen cyanide ya zubo, an haramta yin amfani da hanyar fesa kai tsaye ta hanyar feshi uku-biyu don kashe kwayoyin cuta, saboda wannan hanyar na iya haifar da abubuwa masu guba cikin sauki su zama iska mai iska, wanda hakan ke kara hadarin kamuwa da ma’aikata da muhallin da ke kewaye.

a ƙarshe

Zubewar sodium cyanide na buƙatar matakan gaggawa na gaggawa don kare lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, da hadaddun sha su ne hanyoyin magani guda uku waɗanda zasu iya rage haɗarin da ke tattare da bayyanar cyanide.

Koyaya, dole ne masu amsawa su bi ka'idojin aminci kuma su aiwatar da matakan tsarewa don hana gurɓatawa na biyu da tabbatar da amincin duk ma'aikatan da ke da hannu a ƙoƙarin mayar da martani. Ta hanyar fahimta da amfani da waɗannan hanyoyin mayar da martani na gaggawa, masana'antu za su iya shirya da kuma mayar da martani ga zubewar sodium cyanide, a ƙarshe rage yiwuwar cutarwa.