Menene Mafi kyawun ƙimar pH don Cyanide Leaching?

Cyanide leaching ya kasance ginshiƙi a cikin hakar zinariya da azurfa daga ma'adanai tun lokacin da aka aiwatar da masana'antu a 1887. Wannan tsari yana dogara ne akan ma'auni mai mahimmanci na nau'o'in sinadarai da muhalli daban-daban, tare da darajar pH na maganin ya fito a matsayin ma'auni mafi mahimmanci.

Dalilin Sinadari Bayan pH a cikin Cyanide Leaching

Cyanide, yawanci a cikin nau'i na sodium Cyanide (NaCN) ko potassium cyanide (KCN), yana aiki azaman wakili na leaching na farko. Koyaya, ma'amalarsa da zinare da azurfa yana da tasiri sosai ta matakin pH. Cyanide yana wanzuwa a cikin ma'auni tare da hydrogen cyanide (HCN), wani fili mai guba mai yawa kuma mai canzawa. A cikin yanayin acidic (ƙananan pH), ma'aunin sinadarai yana motsawa zuwa ga samuwar iskar HCN. Wannan ba wai kawai yana haifar da haɗari mai tsanani ba amma har ma yana rage samun ions cyanide kyauta, wanda ya zama dole don narkar da zinariya da azurfa.

Don ingantaccen zinariya da Hakar Azurfa, dole ne a kiyaye maganin a cikin yanayin alkaline. Lokacin da pH ya yi girma, cyanide galibi yana kasancewa a cikin sigar ionic, yana ba shi damar samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da zinare da azurfa. A lokacin aikin leaching, ana samar da ions hydroxide, yana kara ba da gudummawa ga alkalinity na maganin.

Ƙayyadaddun Maɗaukakin pH Range

Yawancin karatu da ayyukan masana'antu sun gano mafi kyawun kewayon pH don Cyanide leaching. Gabaɗaya, ƙimar pH sama da 10.5 ana ɗaukar mahimmanci, kuma yawancin ayyuka suna nufin kiyaye pH tsakanin 11 da 12. Ga dalilin da ya sa:

• Girman Rushe Zinare: A pH a cikin wannan kewayon, an inganta ƙimar narkar da gwal. Ragewa daga wannan kewayon na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin aikin hakar. Misali, idan pH ya ragu a ƙasa 10.5. Samuwar iskar HCN yana rage yawan ion cyanide kyauta, yana rage jinkirin amsawa tare da zinari.

• Rage Amfani da Cyanide: Amfani da Cyanide yana da alaƙa da alaƙa da matakin pH. Ƙananan ƙimar pH na iya haifar da ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide yayin da cyanide ya zama ƙasa da inganci wajen ƙirƙirar gidaje. Ta hanyar kiyaye babban pH, an tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na ɗakunan cyanide, rage rashin buƙata Amfanin Cyanide.

• La'akari da Lafiya: Daga yanayin tsaro, kiyaye pH sama da 10.5 yana da mahimmanci. Gas na HCN yana da guba sosai, kuma ko da ƙananan adadin kuɗi na iya yin kisa. Ta hanyar sarrafa pH a cikin kewayon da aka ba da shawarar, an rage samuwar wannan iskar gas mai haɗari, kiyaye lafiya da amincin ma'aikata a wuraren hakar ma'adinai da hakar.

Abubuwan da ke Tasirin Mafi kyawun pH

• Abun da ke ciki: Kalanda daban-daban na iya ƙunsar ƙazanta daban-daban da ma'adanai waɗanda zasu iya rinjayar pH mafi kyau. Misali, ma'adinan da ke da babban abun ciki na sulfur na iya buƙatar daidaitawar pH daban-daban, kamar yadda sulfur - abubuwan da ke ɗauke da mahadi na iya amsawa tare da maganin cyanide kuma suna tasiri ga yanayin sinadarai gabaɗaya.

• Zafin jiki: Hakanan zafin jiki na tsarin leaching na iya tasiri mafi kyawun pH. Yayin da yanayin zafi ya canza, zazzagewar iskar oxygen da adadin halayen sinadaran suna canzawa. Gabaɗaya, yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, kai-hydrolysis na cyanide yana ƙaruwa, kuma solubility na iskar oxygen yana raguwa. Wannan na iya buƙatar ɗan daidaitawa a cikin pH don kula da mafi kyawun yanayin leaching. Duk da haka, yawancin hanyoyin leaching na cyanide ana aiwatar da su ne a yanayin zafi (kimanin 15 - 30 ° C) don guje wa lalatawar cyanide mai yawa da asarar iskar oxygen.

Hanyoyi don Kula da pH

• Lemun tsami (CaO) da Caustic Soda (NaOH): Waɗannan su ne mafi yawan amfani da reagents don daidaitawa da kiyaye pH a cikin leaching cyanide. Lemun tsami, idan aka kara da ruwa, yana samar da calcium hydroxide, wanda ke amsawa tare da abubuwan acidic a cikin bayani don ƙara pH. Caustic soda (NaOH), tushe mai ƙarfi, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don haɓaka pH cikin sauri. Zaɓin tsakanin su biyun ya dogara da abubuwa kamar farashi, samuwa, da takamaiman buƙatun ma'adinai da ake sarrafa su.

• pH Sensors: Don tabbatar da madaidaicin kulawar pH, ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na zamani sun dogara da firikwensin pH masu ci gaba. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin na iya ci gaba da lura da pH na maganin leaching kuma suna ba da bayanan lokaci na gaske. Dangane da wannan bayanan, masu aiki zasu iya daidaita ƙari na pH - masu sarrafa reagents don kula da mafi kyawun kewayon pH.

A ƙarshe, ƙimar pH mafi kyau don leaching cyanide ya ta'allaka ne a cikin kewayon 11 - 12. An ƙaddara wannan darajar ta hanyar haɗin halayen sinadaran, bukatun aminci, da kuma buƙatar haɓakar zinariya da azurfa. Ta hanyar sarrafa pH a hankali da sauran sigogi, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya haɓaka dawo da karafa masu daraja yayin da rage haɗarin muhalli da aminci.