Menene solubility na sodium cyanide?

Ma'anar Solubility

Solubility yana nufin matsakaicin adadin solute wanda zai iya narkewa a cikin adadin da aka ba da ƙarfi a takamaiman zafin jiki da matsa lamba don samar da bayani mai kama. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana shi a cikin gram na solute a kowace milliliters 100 (g/100 ml) na sauran ƙarfi ko a moles a kowace lita (mol/L).

Solubility na Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ruwa

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. A zafin ɗaki (kusan 25 °C), kimanin gram 48 na Sodium cyanide zai iya narkewa a cikin millilita 100 na ruwa. Yayin da zafin yake ƙaruwa, narkewarsa a cikin ruwa shima yana ƙaruwa. Misali, a 34.7 °C, narkewar Sodium Cyanide a cikin ruwa shine kusan 82 g/100 mL.

Ana iya danganta yawan narkewar sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa ga abubuwa da yawa. Sodium cyanide wani sinadari ne na ionic, wanda ya ƙunshi sodium cations (Na⁺) da cyanide anions (CN⁻). Ruwa kwayar polar ce, tare da wani ɓangare na positive charge akan hydrogen atoms da kuma wani ɓangare na negative charge akan oxygen atom. Lokacin da aka ƙara sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa, ƙwayoyin ruwan polar suna hulɗa da ions a cikin sodium cyanide. Ƙofofin tabbatacce na ƙwayoyin ruwa suna jan hankalin anions na cyanide, kuma ƙarshen mara kyau yana jan hankalin zuwa ga sodium cations. Wannan hulɗar ion mai ƙarfi - dipole tsakanin ions na sodium cyanide da ƙwayoyin ruwa yana ba da damar sodium cyanide ya narke cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa.

Haka kuma, tsarin rushewar sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa wani tsari ne na exothermic. Bisa ga ƙa'idar Le Chatelier, don tsarin narkarwar exothermic, ƙara yawan zafin jiki zai canza ma'auni na narkar da martani zuwa alkiblar ƙwanƙwasa (wanda ba a narkewa). Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin sodium cyanide, karuwar zafin jiki har yanzu yana haifar da karuwa a cikin solubility. Wannan shi ne saboda karuwar zafin jiki kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin kuzari na kwayoyin ruwa da ions, wanda ke inganta rarraba sodium cyanide zuwa ions da tarwatsa su a cikin ruwa, yana kawar da tasirin yanayin exothermic na yanayin rushewa akan solubility zuwa wani matsayi.

Solubility a cikin Sauran Magani

Baya ga ruwa, sodium cyanide yana da halaye daban-daban na solubility a cikin sauran kaushi:

• Ethanol : Sodium cyanide yana narkewa kaɗan a cikin ethanol. Narkewar ethanol a cikin ethanol ya yi ƙasa da na ruwa. Wannan saboda ethanol ba shi da ƙarfi fiye da ruwa. Sashen da ba shi da ƙarfi na ƙwayar ethanol (ƙungiyar ethyl) yana rage ƙarfin ion gaba ɗaya na sinadarin. Sakamakon haka, hulɗar ion da dipole tsakanin ions na sodium cyanide da ƙwayoyin ethanol ba su da ƙarfi kamar waɗanda ke da ƙwayoyin ruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin narkewa.

• Sauran sinadaran sinadarai na halitta : Sodium cyanide yana da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin sinadarai masu narkewa na halitta marasa polar kamar benzene, ether, da sauransu. Magungunan sinadarai marasa polar ba su da ikon yin mu'amala yadda ya kamata da nau'in ionic a cikin sodium cyanide. Tunda ƙwayoyin da ba polar ba ba su da wani muhimmin rabuwa na caji, ba za su iya jawo hankalin ions na sodium da cyanide don karya haɗin ionic a cikin sodium cyanide da kuma watsa ions a cikin sinadaran.

Muhimmancin Solubility

Aikace-aikacen masana'antu

A masana'antar haƙar zinare , yawan narkewar sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Zinariya tana samar da wani hadadden mai narkewa tare da sodium cyanide a cikin ruwan magani. Sannan za a iya ƙara sarrafa wannan hadadden zinare mai narkewa - cyanide don fitar da zinare tsantsa. Narkewar sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa yana ba da damar fitar da zinare mai inganci daga ma'adanai.

Hanyoyin sunadarai

A cikin haɗin sinadarai, solubility na sodium cyanide a cikin abubuwan da suka dace yana rinjayar ƙimar amsawa da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Alal misali, a wasu halayen maye gurbin nucleophilic inda ake amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin nucleophile, solubility a cikin matsakaiciyar amsawa (yawanci mai narkewa kamar ruwa ko barasa - cakuda ruwa) yana ƙayyade yadda sauri ion cyanide zai iya amsawa tare da substrate. Idan solubility ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙaddamar da ion cyanide mai amsawa a cikin maganin zai zama ƙasa, wanda zai iya rage jinkirin amsawa ko ma hana abin da ya faru da kyau.

Tsaro da la'akari da muhalli

Fahimtar solubility na sodium cyanide yana da mahimmanci don aminci da kare muhalli. Saboda yawan guba da yake da shi, idan sodium cyanide ya zube ba da gangan ba, rarrashin sa a cikin ruwa yana nufin zai iya narke da gurɓata ruwa. Sodium cyanide mai narkewa zai iya sakin iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba a gaban acid ko ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin muhalli. Sanin narkewar sa yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙira dabarun da suka dace da tsare-tsare idan ya zube.

A ƙarshe, sodium cyanide yana da yawan narkewa a cikin ruwa, wanda ya bambanta da zafin jiki, kuma yana da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin sauran sinadarai kamar ethanol da ƙarancin narkewa a cikin sinadarai marasa ƙarfi. Wannan sifar narkewa tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikace-aikacenta na masana'antu , halayen sinadarai, da kuma fannoni masu alaƙa da aminci.