Menene solubility na sodium cyanide?

Ma'anar Solubility

Solubility yana nufin matsakaicin adadin solute wanda zai iya narkewa a cikin adadin da aka ba da ƙarfi a takamaiman zafin jiki da matsa lamba don samar da bayani mai kama. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana shi a cikin gram na solute a kowace milliliters 100 (g/100 ml) na sauran ƙarfi ko a moles a kowace lita (mol/L).

Solubility na Sodium Cyanide a cikin Ruwa

sodium cyanide (NaCN) yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa. A cikin zafin jiki (kimanin 25 ° C), kusan gram 48 na Sodium cyanide zai iya narke a cikin 100 milliliters na ruwa. Yayin da yanayin zafi ya karu, ta solubility cikin ruwa kuma yana tashi. Alal misali, a 34.7 ° C, da solubility na sodium Cyanide A cikin ruwa yana kusan 82 g/100 ml.

A high solubility na sodium cyanide cikin ruwa ana iya danganta shi da abubuwa da yawa. Sodium cyanide wani fili ne na ionic, wanda ya ƙunshi sodium cations (Na⁺) da cyanide anions (CN⁻). Ruwa molecule na polar ne, tare da cajin tabbataccen sashi akan atom ɗin hydrogen da wani ɗan ƙaramin caji akan zarra na oxygen. Lokacin da aka ƙara sodium cyanide zuwa ruwa, ƙwayoyin ruwa na polar suna hulɗa tare da ions a cikin sodium cyanide. Kyawawan iyakar kwayoyin ruwa suna jawo hankalin cyanide anions, kuma mummunan iyakar suna janyo hankalin cations na sodium. Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan hulɗar ion-dipole tsakanin ions na sodium cyanide da kwayoyin ruwa yana ba da damar sodium cyanide ta narke cikin ruwa.

Haka kuma, tsarin rushewar sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa wani tsari ne na exothermic. Bisa ga ƙa'idar Le Chatelier, don tsarin narkarwar exothermic, ƙara yawan zafin jiki zai canza ma'auni na narkar da martani zuwa alkiblar ƙwanƙwasa (wanda ba a narkewa). Duk da haka, a cikin yanayin sodium cyanide, karuwar zafin jiki har yanzu yana haifar da karuwa a cikin solubility. Wannan shi ne saboda karuwar zafin jiki kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin kuzari na kwayoyin ruwa da ions, wanda ke inganta rarraba sodium cyanide zuwa ions da tarwatsa su a cikin ruwa, yana kawar da tasirin yanayin exothermic na yanayin rushewa akan solubility zuwa wani matsayi.

Solubility a cikin Sauran Magani

Baya ga ruwa, sodium cyanide yana da halaye daban-daban na solubility a cikin sauran kaushi:

• Ethanol: Sodium cyanide yana narkewa sosai a cikin ethanol. Solubility a cikin ethanol ya ragu sosai idan aka kwatanta da na cikin ruwa. Wannan shi ne saboda ethanol shine ƙarancin ƙarfi na iyakacin duniya fiye da ruwa. Bangaren da ba na iyakacin duniya ba na kwayar ethanol (kungiyar ethyl) yana rage gaba ɗaya polarity na sauran ƙarfi. Sakamakon haka, hulɗar ion-dipole tsakanin sodium cyanide ions da ethanol kwayoyin ba su da karfi kamar wadanda ke da kwayoyin ruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan solubility.

• Sauran kwayoyin kaushiSodium cyanide yana da ƙarancin solubility a cikin abubuwan da ba na polar Organic ba kamar benzene, ether, da sauransu. Tun da ƙwayoyin da ba na polar ba ba su da rarrabuwar caji mai mahimmanci, ba za su iya jawo hankalin sodium da ion cyanide don karya haɗin ionic a cikin sodium cyanide kuma su watsar da ions a cikin sauran ƙarfi ba.

Muhimmancin Solubility

Aikace-aikacen masana'antu

a cikin Zinariya hakar ma'adinai masana'antu, babban solubility na sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa yana da mahimmanci. Zinariya ta samar da wani hadadden mai narkewa tare da sodium cyanide a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa. Wannan hadadden siyanide mai narkewa sannan za a iya kara sarrafa shi don fitar da gwal mai tsafta. Solubility na sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa yana ba da damar ingantaccen leaching na zinariya daga ma'adinan sa.

Hanyoyin sunadarai

A cikin haɗin sinadarai, solubility na sodium cyanide a cikin abubuwan da suka dace yana rinjayar ƙimar amsawa da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Alal misali, a wasu halayen maye gurbin nucleophilic inda ake amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin nucleophile, solubility a cikin matsakaiciyar amsawa (yawanci mai narkewa kamar ruwa ko barasa - cakuda ruwa) yana ƙayyade yadda sauri ion cyanide zai iya amsawa tare da substrate. Idan solubility ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, ƙaddamar da ion cyanide mai amsawa a cikin maganin zai zama ƙasa, wanda zai iya rage jinkirin amsawa ko ma hana abin da ya faru da kyau.

Tsaro da la'akari da muhalli

Fahimtar solubility na sodium cyanide yana da mahimmanci don aminci da kare muhalli. Saboda yawan guba da yake da shi, idan sodium cyanide ya zube ba da gangan ba, rarrashin sa a cikin ruwa yana nufin zai iya narke da gurɓata ruwa. Sodium cyanide mai narkewa zai iya sakin iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba a gaban acid ko ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin muhalli. Sanin narkewar sa yana taimakawa wajen ƙirƙira dabarun da suka dace da tsare-tsare idan ya zube.

A ƙarshe, sodium cyanide yana da babban solubility a cikin ruwa, wanda ya bambanta da zafin jiki, kuma mafi ƙarancin solubility a cikin sauran kaushi irin su ethanol da ƙananan solubility a cikin abubuwan da ba na polar ba. Wannan dukiya mai narkewa tana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikinta Aikace-aikacen masana'antu, halayen sunadarai, da kuma abubuwan da suka shafi aminci.