Sodium Cyanide: Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri pa Migodi ndi Kupitilira

Kodi Sodium Cyanide Ndi Yowopsa Motani?

Sodium cyanide ndi ufa woyera wa kristalo kapena tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi fungo lowawa pang'ono la amondi. Imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo imasungunuka mosavuta kuti ipange hydrogen cyanide, ndipo madzi ake amakhala amchere kwambiri. Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mankhwala. Chofunika kwambiri ndi poizoni kwambiri; kukhudzana ndi mabala a pakhungu, kupuma, kapena kumeza ngakhale pang'ono kungayambitse poizoni ndi imfa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito LD50 yomwe imatchulidwa kawirikawiri (mlingo wofunikira kupha theka la nyama zoyesedwa mkati mwa nthawi inayake), arsenic ili ndi LD50 ya 14.6 mg/kg (yomwe imaperekedwa pakamwa m'makoswe), pomwe Sodium cyanide ili ndi LD50 ya 6.44 mg/kg (yomwe imaperekedwa pakamwa m'makoswe). Izi zikutanthauza kuti Sodium Cyanide ndi yamphamvu kuwirikiza katatu kuposa arsenic.

Choopsa kwambiri ndichakuti ma cyanide owopsa kwambiriwa amasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zichitike mwachangu. Imfa imatha kuchitika mkati mwa mphindi 15 mpaka ola limodzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akatswiri azachipatala azikhala ndi nthawi yochepa yoti apulumuke. Poyerekeza, arsenic imagwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono; zizindikiro sizingawonekere mpaka ola limodzi mutameza, ndipo imfa imatha kuchitika maola angapo kapena tsiku limodzi pambuyo pake.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafakitale a Sodium Cyanide

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kwafalikira kwambiri. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide makamaka kumapangidwira kupanga mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pafupifupi 40% ya gawo la msika; gawo la mankhwala limafikira pafupifupi 10%; mankhwala ophera tizilombo amafikira pafupifupi 8%; ndipo makampani opanga ma electroplating amafikira pafupifupi 20%. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotsalako kuli mu mankhwala abwino. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa golide, kufunikira kwa sodium cyanide mu migodi kwawonjezeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 2013, malonda a sodium cyanide omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa golide anali kawiri kapena katatu kuposa a 2012. Ndipo msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo wawonanso kuwonjezeka, makamaka kwa glyphosate ndi zinthu zina zofanana.

1. Mitundu

Sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga utoto. Mitundu yomwe imatha kupangidwa pano ikuphatikiza Yellow 139. Yellow 150. indigo, brilliant blue, fluorescent whitening agent VBL, ndi Disperse Green GL, pakati pa ena.

2. Mankhwala

Sodium cyanide itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala apakatikati, kupereka zida zofunikira pazogulitsa zomaliza. Mankhwala odziwika bwino ndi penicillin, pregabalin, ketoprofen, tranexamic acid, vitamini B6. kupatsidwa folic acid, guanine, acyclovir, gabapentin, butyrophenone, barbiturates, fluoroquinolones, caffeine, chifuwa suppressants, chapamimba mankhwala, analgesics, berberine, atorvastatin, ndi phenylpropanolamine.

3. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo

Sodium cyanide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku mbewu ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Mankhwala opha tizilombo ndi glyphosate, cypermethrin, paraquat, cyantraniliprole, sulfentrazone, pyraclostrobin, benzoylpropionic acid, oxime esters, atrazine, cyanazine, ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana oletsa matenda a mpunga.

4. Kusintha kwamagetsi

Sodium cyanide imatha kupanga ma complexes okhala ndi zitsulo zambiri, kuwapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga ma electroplating ngati electrolyte yamkuwa, cadmium, zinki, ndi siliva. Ma ion complexes azitsulo mu ma electrolytewa amatha kuyika pamwamba pazida zogwirira ntchito, ndikupanga filimu yopyapyala yomwe imateteza zinthu zachitsulo.

5. Migodi

Sodium cyanide imatha kusungunula golide ndi siliva, ndikupanga ma cyanide osungunuka, ndichifukwa chake imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokumba golide, siliva, ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. M'migodi yagolide yotsika mtengo, kuchotsa golide wambiri kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "heap leaching" ndi sodium cyanide. Njira yochotsera iyi ili ndi phindu lalikulu pamtengo. Njira ya "heap leaching" imaphatikizapo kupopera sodium cyanide solution pa mulu wa miyala, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zigawo zomwe zikufunidwa zisungunuke mu yankho, lomwe golide amatengedwamo. Ngakhale kuti Cyanides amadziwika kuti ndi othandizira kumasula golide, poizoni wawo wambiri umabweretsa nkhawa, ndipo zinyalala za cyanide zimatha kuwononga chilengedwe kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chlorination, acidification, ndi activated carbon adsorption catalytic oxidation, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China pochiza tailings za cyanide. Njira zabwino kwambiri zochotsera golide zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zopanda cyanide komanso zopanda cyanide.

6. Ntchito Zina

Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tafotokozazi, sodium cyanide itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga amino acid, L-carnitine, lactic acid, creatine, chelating agents, cyanate esters, UV absorbers, stabilizers kuwala, ndi zonunkhira, pakati pa mankhwala ena.

Sodium cyanide, kodi anthu angadziteteze bwanji?

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti: anthu omwe ali panja ayenera kusamukira kudera lomwe lili pamtunda wa makilomita awiri kuchokera pamalo omwe ngoziyo yachitikira komanso komwe mphepo yamkuntho yachokera kuti asakhudze mankhwala aliwonse.

Kukhudza khungu: Chotsani zovala zodetsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndipo tsukani bwino malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi madzi othamanga kapena 5% sodium thiosulfate solution kwa mphindi zosachepera 20. Pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga.

Kukhudza maso: Tsukani maso nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ambiri othamanga kapena saline solution kwa mphindi zosachepera 15. Pitani kuchipatala mwachangu.

Kupuma: Siyani mwachangu pamalopo kupita kumalo okhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Ngati kupuma kukuvutani, perekani mpweya. Ngati kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima kwasiya, perekani mpweya wochita kupanga nthawi yomweyo (musagwiritse ntchito pakamwa ndi pakamwa) komanso kukanikiza pachifuwa.

Kumeza: Imwani madzi ofunda okwanira kuti muyambe kusanza. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho la 1:5000 potassium permanganate kapena yankho la 5% sodium thiosulfate kuti muyeretse m'mimba. Pitani kuchipatala mwachangu.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri zamaluso? Lumikizanani nafe!

Malangizo Ofunda: Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, monga mawu, zinthu, mayankho, ndi zina.