Izisombululo ezisebenzayo eziNgxamisekileyo zokuchitheka kweSodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide yikhompawundi enetyhefu kakhulu esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, kuquka ukwenziwa kwemigodi kunye neekhemikhali. Ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwe -sodium cyanide kunokukhupha i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN) kunye ne-cyanide ions (CN-), nto leyo ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Xa kwenzeka ezi ziganeko, iindlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza nezisebenzayo zibalulekile ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwe-cyanide. Apha, sichaza iindlela ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza: i-alkaline chlorination, i-acid-base neutralization, kunye nokufunxwa okuntsonkothileyo.

1. Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination

I-alkaline chlorination yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunyanga ukuchitheka kweSodium Cyanide . Le ndlela isebenzisa iipropati zokunciphisa ii-ion ze-cyanide, ezinokungcoliswa zii-oxidants ezinamandla. Ii-oxidants eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kule ndlela ziquka umgubo we-bleaching ( calcium hypochlorite ) kunye ne -sodium hypochlorite.

Xa ezi oxidants zidibana ne-cyanide ion, kwenzeka i-chemical reaction eguqula i-CN eyityhefu ibe yi-non-toxic byproducts njenge-carbon dioxide (CO2) kunye ne-nitrogen (N2). Olu guqulelo lunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubutyhefu be-cyanide, buyenza ikhuseleke kokusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo idinga iimeko ezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oxidation epheleleyo kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kweengqungquthela ezinobuthi obuphakathi. Abaphenduli kufuneka babeke iliso elibukhali ukuphendula kwaye balandele imigaqo yokhuseleko ukuphepha naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

2. Indlela ye-Acid-base neutralization

Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokujongana nokuchitheka kwe -Sodium cyanide kukunganyibilikisi kwe-asidi. Le ndlela isebenzisa i-asidi ebuthathaka ye-hydrocyanic acid, enokuthi inganyibiliki ngesiseko esomeleleyo. Izinto ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka amanzi e-lime (calcium hydroxide), i-caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), kunye ne-ammonia (ammonium hydroxide).

Ukusabela kwe-neutralization kuvelisa ityuwa yendalo engaguqukiyo enceda ukulawula i-hydrocyanic acid. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isisombululo se-aqueous esisiphumo sisenetyhefu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka siqokelelwe kwaye siqhutywe ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Ukongezelela, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwesisombululo se-neutralization, kuba i-carbon dioxide emoyeni ingathatha indawo ye-cyanide kwisisombululo samanzi, esinokubangela ukungcola okwesibini. Ngoko ke, abahlanguli kufuneka basebenzise amanyathelo okulawula angqongqo ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwezinto ezinobuthi.

3. Indlela yokufunxa entsonkothileyo

Indlela yokufunxa eyinkimbinkimbi isekelwe kwipropati yokuba i-cyanide ions inokwenza ii-complexes kunye nee-ion ezithile zetsimbi (ezifana nesilivere kunye nobhedu). Xa ii-ion ze-cyanide zidibana nezi ion zetsimbi, ii-non-toxic complexes zenziwe, ezifana ne-silver cyanide complexes kunye ne-copper cyanide complexes.

Le ndlela isebenzisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo njengomphathi wee-ion zetsimbi. Xa isilivere okanye i-copper cyanide complexes ifakwe kumphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo, inokusabela nge-hydrocyanic acid ukuze yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo, ezingenayo inetyhefu, ezingancedi kuphela ukukhupha kodwa zibe nefuthe lokukhupha i-disinfecting indawo echaphazelekayo.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye namanyathelo okuthintela

Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zonyango zingentla, kukwabalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa kukho ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide. Okokuqala, abasebenzi bohlangulo kufuneka bahambise nayiphi na i-cyanide kwindawo yengozi kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ukukhusela umonakalo wokupakisha kunye nokungcoliswa kokusingqongileyo okulandelayo.

Kwimeko yomlilo we-cyanide, abahlanguli kufuneka basebenzise isitshizi samanzi ukucima umlilo. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukusebenzisa i-acidic okanye i-alkaline extinguishing agents njengoko inokuyenza ibe mandundu imeko kwaye ibangele ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezinobuthi.

Ukongeza, xa i-hydrogen cyanide ivuza, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba kusetyenziswe indlela yokutshiza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-disinfection, njengoko le ndlela inokubangela ukuba izinto eziyityhefu zibe yi-aerosols, okonyusa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.

ukuququmbela

Ukuchitheka kwe-sodium cyanide kufuna amanyathelo angxamisekileyo akhawulezileyo nasebenzayo ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. I-alkaline chlorination, i-asidi-base neutralization, kunye nokufunxa okuntsonkothileyo ziindlela ezintathu zonyango eziqhelekileyo ezinokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwe-cyanide.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphenduli kufuneka balandele iiprothokholi zokhuseleko kwaye basebenzise amanyathelo okuthintela ukukhusela ukungcola okwesibini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimigudu yokuphendula. Ngokuqonda kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, imboni ingalungiselela ngcono kwaye iphendule ukuchithwa kwe-sodium cyanide, ekugqibeleni ukunciphisa amathuba okuba yingozi.