Izisombululo ezisebenzayo eziNgxamisekileyo zokuchitheka kweSodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide yikhompawundi enetyhefu eninzi edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizi-mveliso, kuquka imigodi kunye nokuveliswa kweekhemikhali. Ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwe sodium cyanide inokukhulula i-hydrocyanic acid (HCN) kunye ne-cyanide ions (CN-), ibeka ingozi enkulu kwimpilo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Xa iziganeko ezinjalo zisenzeka, iindlela zokusabela ezingxamisekileyo ngexesha nangexesha elifanelekileyo zibalulekile ukunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwecyanide. Apha, sichaza iindlela ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza: i-alkaline chlorination, i-acid-base neutralization, kunye ne-complex yokufunxa.

1. Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination

I-alkaline chlorination yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunyanga Isodium cyanide ichitheka. Obu buchule busebenzisa iipropathi zokunciphisa ii-ion ze-cyanide, ezinokuthi zifakwe kwi-oxidized yi-oxidants eyomeleleyo. Ii-oxidants eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kule ndlela ziquka umgubo mhlophe (calcium hypochlorite) Kunye isodiyam hypochlorite.

Xa ezi oxidants zidibana ne-cyanide ion, kwenzeka i-chemical reaction eguqula i-CN eyityhefu ibe yi-non-toxic byproducts njenge-carbon dioxide (CO2) kunye ne-nitrogen (N2). Olu guqulelo lunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ubutyhefu be-cyanide, buyenza ikhuseleke kokusingqongileyo.

Inkqubo idinga iimeko ezilawulwa ngokuqinileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-oxidation epheleleyo kunye nokuthintela ukubunjwa kweengqungquthela ezinobuthi obuphakathi. Abaphenduli kufuneka babeke iliso elibukhali ukuphendula kwaye balandele imigaqo yokhuseleko ukuphepha naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

2. Indlela ye-Acid-base neutralization

Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokujongana nayo Isodium cyanide ukuchithwa yi-acid-base neutralization. Le ndlela ithatha inzuzo ye-acidity ebuthakathaka ye-hydrocyanic acid, enokuthi ingathathi hlangothi ngesiseko esomeleleyo. I-neutralizers eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-limewater (i-calcium hydroxide), i-caustic soda (i-sodium hydroxide), kunye ne-ammonia (i-ammonium hydroxide).

Ukusabela kwe-neutralization kuvelisa ityuwa yendalo engaguqukiyo enceda ukulawula i-hydrocyanic acid. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isisombululo se-aqueous esisiphumo sisenetyhefu kakhulu kwaye kufuneka siqokelelwe kwaye siqhutywe ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko.

Ukongezelela, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwesisombululo se-neutralization, kuba i-carbon dioxide emoyeni ingathatha indawo ye-cyanide kwisisombululo samanzi, esinokubangela ukungcola okwesibini. Ngoko ke, abahlanguli kufuneka basebenzise amanyathelo okulawula angqongqo ukukhusela ukusasazeka kwezinto ezinobuthi.

3. Indlela yokufunxa entsonkothileyo

Indlela yokufunxa eyinkimbinkimbi isekelwe kwipropati yokuba i-cyanide ions inokwenza ii-complexes kunye nee-ion ezithile zetsimbi (ezifana nesilivere kunye nobhedu). Xa ii-ion ze-cyanide zidibana nezi ion zetsimbi, ii-non-toxic complexes zenziwe, ezifana ne-silver cyanide complexes kunye ne-copper cyanide complexes.

Le ndlela isebenzisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo njengomphathi wee-ion zetsimbi. Xa isilivere okanye i-copper cyanide complexes ifakwe kumphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo, inokusabela nge-hydrocyanic acid ukuze yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo, ezingenayo inetyhefu, ezingancedi kuphela ukukhupha kodwa zibe nefuthe lokukhupha i-disinfecting indawo echaphazelekayo.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko kunye namanyathelo okuthintela

Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zonyango zingentla, kukwabalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa kukho ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide. Okokuqala, abasebenzi bohlangulo kufuneka bahambise nayiphi na i-cyanide kwindawo yengozi kwindawo ekhuselekileyo ukukhusela umonakalo wokupakisha kunye nokungcoliswa kokusingqongileyo okulandelayo.

Kwimeko yomlilo we-cyanide, abahlanguli kufuneka basebenzise isitshizi samanzi ukucima umlilo. Kubalulekile ukuphepha ukusebenzisa i-acidic okanye i-alkaline extinguishing agents njengoko inokuyenza ibe mandundu imeko kwaye ibangele ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezinobuthi.

Ukongeza, xa i-hydrogen cyanide ivuza, akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukuba kusetyenziswe indlela yokutshiza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-disinfection, njengoko le ndlela inokubangela ukuba izinto eziyityhefu zibe yi-aerosols, okonyusa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kwabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo.

ukuququmbela

Ukuchitheka kwe-sodium cyanide kufuna amanyathelo angxamisekileyo akhawulezileyo nasebenzayo ukukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. I-alkaline chlorination, i-asidi-base neutralization, kunye nokufunxa okuntsonkothileyo ziindlela ezintathu zonyango eziqhelekileyo ezinokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokuvezwa kwe-cyanide.

Nangona kunjalo, abaphenduli kufuneka balandele iiprothokholi zokhuseleko kwaye basebenzise amanyathelo okuthintela ukukhusela ukungcola okwesibini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwimigudu yokuphendula. Ngokuqonda kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi ndlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, imboni ingalungiselela ngcono kwaye iphendule ukuchithwa kwe-sodium cyanide, ekugqibeleni ukunciphisa amathuba okuba yingozi.