Babban Tsarin Leaching Cyanidation Agitation a Ma'adinan Zinare

Gabatarwa

Ruwan Cyanidation Leaching, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a masana'antu tun daga shekarar 1887. Tsarin zubar da ruwan ma'adinai ne wanda ke amfani da mafita na Cyanide a matsayin maganin cire zinare da azurfa daga albarkatun ma'adinai masu ɗauke da zinare da azurfa. Ruwan Cyanidation Leaching yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin cire ruwan Cyanidation, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar haƙar zinare.

Ka'idar Leaching Cyanidation Agitation

Cyanide, kamar Sodium Cyanide (NaCN), muhimmin abu ne a cikin tsarin cyanidation. Sodium cyanide lu'ulu'u ne mara launi kuma mai haske, wanda galibi launin toka-rawaya ne saboda ƙazanta. Yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa, tare da narkewa a cikin ruwa sama da 20%. Lokacin da pH na ruwansa ya zama acidic zuwa pH = 7, cyanide kusan ya ruba gaba ɗaya ya zama iskar hydrogen cyanide mai canzawa, wanda iskar gas ce mara launi kuma mai guba sosai. A cikin maganin, hydrogen cyanide acid ne mai rauni, mai wahalar yin ionize, kuma ba shi da tasirin leaching akan zinariya da azurfa. Lokacin da ƙimar pH ta kasance 12, cyanide a cikin maganin kusan ya tarwatse gaba ɗaya zuwa cyanide ions. Saboda haka, dole ne a gudanar da aikin cyanidation a cikin matsakaiciyar alkaline.

Gabaɗaya, a gaban iskar oxygen, cyanidation leaching na zinari shine tsarin lalata na lantarki. Cyanide yana amsawa tare da zinari a cikin yanayin alkaline tare da sa hannu na oxygen, yana samar da rukunin cyanide na gwal mai narkewa da ruwa, don haka yana ba da damar narkar da zinare daga ma'adinai.

Tsarin Leaching Cyanidation Agitation

1. Shirye-shiryen Leaching Raw Materials

• Murkushewa : Ana fara amfani da ma'adinin zinare da aka haƙa da ɗanyensa a cikin injin niƙa don niƙawa. Tsarin niƙawa yana raba zuwa murƙushewa mai kauri, murƙushewa matsakaici, da kuma murƙushewa mai laushi. Sau da yawa ana amfani da injin niƙa muƙamuƙi da injin niƙa mai kauri da matsakaici don niƙawa mai kauri da matsakaici, galibi don karya manyan ma'adinan zuwa ƙananan barbashi, gabaɗaya tare da sarrafa girman barbashi a santimita kaɗan. Ana amfani da injin niƙa guduma don niƙawa mai kauri.

• Niƙa : Ma'adinan da aka niƙa yana shiga injin niƙa don ƙara niƙawa zuwa girman ƙwayar da ta dace. Yawanci, ana buƙatar girman ƙwayar ma'adinan ya kai raga -200 wanda ya kai kashi 60% - 90%, don haka ma'adanai na zinariya sun rabu gaba ɗaya. Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da injin niƙa mai nau'in lattice don niƙa mai kauri, kuma ana amfani da injin niƙa mai nau'in ƙwallo mai yawa don niƙa mai kyau.

• Shiri na Slurry : Jatan ƙasa na ma'adinan ƙasa yana shiga cikin tankin juyawa. Ana ƙara ruwa mai dacewa don daidaita yawan jatan ƙasa na ma'adinan, wanda galibi ana sarrafa shi a kashi 30% - 50%. A lokaci guda, ana ƙara masu gyara kamar lemun tsami don daidaita ƙimar pH na jatan ƙasa na ma'adinan zuwa 10 - 11. ƙirƙirar yanayi mai alkaline wanda ke taimakawa wajen cire cyanidation da kuma hana narkewar sauran ƙazanta.

2. Agitation Cyanidation Leaching

• Ƙarin Maganin Leaching : Ana ƙara sinadaran Cyanide kamar sodium cyanide (NaCN) ko potassium cyanide (KCN) a cikin ɓangaren ma'adinan da aka gyara. A ƙarƙashin yanayin juyawa gaba ɗaya, cyanide yana yin aiki da sinadarai tare da zinare don samar da hadaddun cyanide na zinare mai narkewa cikin ruwa.

• Kayan Aikin Zubar da Ruwa : Ana gudanar da tsarin zubar da ruwa a cikin tankunan tayar da ruwa da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da jerin. Ana iya raba tankunan tayar da ruwa zuwa nau'i uku bisa ga hanyoyin haɗawa daban-daban: tankunan tayar da iska mai matsewa, tankunan tayar da ruwa na inji, ko tankunan tayar da ruwa gauraye.

• Yanayin Zubar da Ma'adinai : Yawan sinadarin Sodium cyanide a cikin ma'adinan ma'adinan yawanci shine 0.02% - 0.1%. Ana ƙara lemun tsami yayin aiki don samar da sinadarin pH = 9 - 12. Ana cika iska don kiyaye mafi kyawun rabo tsakanin yawan iskar oxygen da aka narkar da shi da kuma yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide a cikin ma'adinan ma'adinan. Lokacin zubar da ma'adinan yawanci shine awanni 24 - 48 don tabbatar da cewa zinare ya narke gaba ɗaya.

3. Rabuwar Ruwa da Wankewa

• Rabawar Ruwa Mai Tauri : Bayan an cire ruwan, ana raba ɓangaren ma'adinan ta hanyar kayan aiki kamar masu kauri da matattara don samun ruwan ciki mai ɗauke da zinare da ragowar ruwan. Masu kauri suna amfani da ƙa'idar laka mai nauyi don sanya ƙwayoyin da ke cikin ɓangaren ma'adinan su zauna a ƙasa, kuma abin da ke saman shine maganin ciki mai ɗauke da zinare. Matattara suna ƙara tace ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ma'adinan don inganta tasirin rabuwar ruwa mai tauri.

• Wankewa : Domin samun isasshen rabuwa tsakanin ruwan cyanide da ragowar ruwan leach, ana amfani da tsarin wankewa na matakai 3-5 na kauri, tacewa, ko haɗuwa biyun. Wannan muhimmin aiki ne don ruwan cyanidation. Hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita ita ce hanyar rage ruwan leaching akai-akai (hanyar CCD). Ana iya raba ruwan leaching da ake amfani da ita a wannan hanyar zuwa nau'ikan ruwa ɗaya da kuma nau'ikan ruwa da yawa. Yawancin masu haɗa ruwan cyanidation a China suna amfani da ruwan leaching mai kauri 2-3 don rabuwa da ruwa mai ƙarfi da kuma wanke ruwan leaching akai-akai.

4. Zinariya farfadowa

• Hanyar Komawa Garin Zinc : Ana ƙara garin zinc a cikin ruwan da ke ɗauke da zinare. Zinc yana amsawa da sinadarin cyanide na zinare a cikin wani yanayi na komowa, yana rage zinare zuwa zinare na ƙarfe kuma yana haifar da shi. Bayan tacewa, ana samun laka ta zinare, kuma ana narkar da laka ta zinare ta hanyoyi kamar narkewa don samun zinare mai ɗanɗano.

• Hanyar Shafawa Carbon Mai Aiki : Ana ƙara carbon mai kunnawa a cikin maganin ciki mai ɗauke da zinare, kuma haɗin cyanide na zinare yana shanye shi ta hanyar carbon mai kunnawa. Sannan, ana dawo da zinare daga carbon mai kunnawa ta hanyar hanyoyin kamar desorption da electrowinning. Wannan hanyar za a iya ƙara raba ta zuwa hanyar carbon-in-pulp (CIP) da hanyar carbon-in-leach (CIL).

• Tsarin CIP : Da farko, ana yin cyanidation leaching, sannan a ƙara carbon mai kunnawa a cikin ɓangaren ma'adinai don ɗaukar zinare. A cikin tsarin CIP, leaching da adsorption ayyuka ne guda biyu masu zaman kansu. A cikin aikin shaye-shaye, an kammala tsarin leaching ɗin, kuma girman, adadi, da yanayin aiki na tankunan shaye-shaye ana tantance su ta hanyar sigogin shaye-shaye.

• Tsarin CIL : Ana ƙara carbon mai aiki a cikin tankin zubar da ruwa, kuma ana yin zubar da ruwa da shawa a lokaci guda, wato, zubar da ruwa da shawa suna faruwa a lokaci guda. A cikin tsarin CIL, ana gudanar da ayyukan zubar da ruwa da shawa a lokaci guda. Gabaɗaya, aikin zubar da ruwa yana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo fiye da aikin zubar da ruwa. Saboda haka, girman, iska, da kuma yawan ruwan ana ƙayyade su ta hanyar sigogin zubar da ruwa. Tunda ƙimar zubar da ruwa aiki ne na yawan zinare da aka narke a cikin maganin, don ƙara yawan zinare da aka narke a cikin tankunan shawa na gaba da kuma a lokaci guda ƙara lokacin zubar da ruwa, yawanci ana ƙara matakai 1-2 na zubar da ruwa kafin zubar da ruwa da shawa.

5. Maganin wutsiya

Jerin da aka yi bayan Gold Recovery yawanci yana ɗauke da wasu adadin cyanide da suka rage da sauran ƙazanta. Don buƙatun kare muhalli, ana buƙatar a yi wa jerin da suka dace magani. Hanyoyin magani na yau da kullun sun haɗa da hanyoyin iskar shaka (kamar sulfur dioxide - hanyar iska), rugujewar halitta, ko hanyoyin lalata ƙwayoyin halitta don rage yawan cyanide da suka rage zuwa ƙasa da ƙa'idar ƙasa da kuma hana gurɓatar muhalli. Ana iya zubar da jerin da aka yi wa magani ta hanyar tara ko wasu hanyoyi masu dacewa.

Kammalawa

Haɗakar cyanidation mai ƙarfi muhimmin tsari ne wajen fitar da zinare daga ma'adanai na zinariya. Ta hanyar jerin tsare-tsare kamar shirya kayan da aka sarrafa, haɗakar agitation, rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi, dawo da zinare, da kuma maganin wutsiya, ana iya fitar da zinare yadda ya kamata daga ma'adanai na zinariya. Duk da haka, saboda gubar cyanide, a yayin amfani da Haɗakar Cyanidation mai ƙarfi , dole ne a mai da hankali sosai kan samar da tsaro da kare muhalli don tabbatar da ci gaba mai ɗorewa a masana'antar haƙar zinare.