Menene fagagen aikace-aikacen gabaɗaya na sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) wani sinadari ne mai guba wanda ba shi da sinadarai masu yawa, wanda ke da amfani iri-iri a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu. Duk da cewa yana da haɗari, halayen sinadarai na musamman sun sa ya zama wani sinadari mai mahimmanci a cikin ayyukan masana'antu da yawa. Wannan labarin ya bincika fannoni daban-daban da ake amfani da Sodium cyanide a cikinsu.

Masana'antar Haraji

Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun aikace-aikacen Sodium Cyanide shine a masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai , musamman don haƙo ƙarfe masu daraja. Zinare da azurfa, waɗanda galibi ake samu a cikin ma'adanai masu ƙarancin daraja, ana iya raba su da dutsen da ke kewaye ta amfani da tsari mai suna cyanidation. A gaban iskar oxygen da ruwa, sodium cyanide yana amsawa da zinariya ko azurfa don samar da hadaddun ƙarfe mai narkewa - cyanide. Misali, ana iya wakiltar amsawar da zinare kamar haka:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Wannan tsari yana ba da damar ingantaccen dawo da karafa masu daraja daga ma'adinai masu yawa. Hakanan ana amfani da Cyanidation don hakar wasu karafa irin su jan karfe, zinc, da platinum - karafa na rukuni a wasu lokuta. Duk da haka, saboda yawan guba na cyanide, ana daukar tsauraran matakan kare muhalli da kariya don hana sakin cyanide - mai dauke da magudanar ruwa a cikin muhalli.

Electroplating da Surface Jiyya

Sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hanyoyin Electroplating . Ana amfani da shi a matsayin babban sashi a cikin baho na electroplating don saka karafa kamar jan ƙarfe, azurfa, cadmium, da zinc akan abubuwa daban-daban. A cikin maganin electroplating, ions na cyanide suna aiki ta hanyoyi da yawa. Suna taimakawa wajen rage polarization na anode, yana tabbatar da narkewar ƙarfe na anode cikin santsi. Wannan yana haifar da wadataccen ions na ƙarfe a cikin maganin. Bugu da ƙari, ions na cyanide suna ƙara polarization na cathode, wanda ke haɓaka ajiyar ƙarfe iri ɗaya akan saman cathode, wanda ke haifar da ƙarewa mai inganci, daidai gwargwado. Misali, a cikin electroplating na azurfa, amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin baho na plating yana taimakawa wajen samun rufin azurfa mai haske da manne akan abubuwa kamar kayan ado da hulɗar lantarki.

Hannun sunadarai

1.Inorganic Chemical Production

Sodium cyanide yana aiki a matsayin muhimmin abu don haɗa cyanides marasa tsari da yawa . Misali, ana amfani da shi don samar da potassium cyanide (KCN), wanda kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu daban-daban. Ta hanyar mayar da martani ga sodium cyanide tare da gishirin potassium ta hanyar halayen metathesis, ana iya samun potassium cyanide. Sauran muhimman Cyanide marasa tsari kamar zinc cyanide (Zn(CN)₂), wanda ake amfani da shi wajen samar da wutar lantarki da kuma matsayin mai kara kuzari a wasu halayen sinadarai, da kuma jan ƙarfe (I) cyanide (CuCN), wanda ake amfani da shi wajen samar da wutar lantarki da kuma samar da wutar lantarki, ana kuma samar da shi daga sodium cyanide.

2.Organic Synthesis

A cikin sinadarai na halitta, sodium cyanide ne mai ƙarfi nucleophile. Yana iya shiga cikin halayen kamar halayen maye gurbin nucleophilic tare da alkyl halides. Wannan halayen, wanda aka sani da kirar Kolbe nitrile, hanya ce mai mahimmanci don tsawaita sarƙoƙin carbon. Alal misali, lokacin da alkyl halide (R-X) ya amsa da sodium cyanide, an samar da alkyl nitrile (R - CN):

R - X+ NaCN → R - CN+ NaX

Sakamakon nitriles za a iya ƙara canzawa zuwa wasu mahadi masu amfani. Ana iya sanya su cikin hydrolyzed don samar da acid carboxylic ko rage su samar da amines, waɗanda sune mahimman tubalan gini a cikin haɗin magunguna, polymers, da sauran samfuran halitta.

Masana'antu

Ana amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin haɗin magungunan magunguna da yawa. Alal misali, yana shiga cikin samar da mahadi kamar cyanacetic acid da abubuwan da suka samo asali. Ana iya amfani da Cyanacetic acid don haɗa magunguna irin su barbiturates, waɗanda ake amfani da su azaman maganin kwantar da hankali da hypnotics. Wani misali kuma shi ne haɗin wasu amino acid, waɗanda su ne ainihin abubuwan gina jiki. Ana samar da wasu amino acid ta hanyoyi na roba waɗanda suka haɗa da amfani da sodium cyanide azaman kayan farawa ko reagent a cikin mahimman matakan amsawa. Ana amfani da waɗannan amino acid ɗin don ƙirƙirar abubuwan abinci da kuma samar da wasu magunguna.

Rini da masana'anta

1.Dye Manufacture

A cikin masana'antar rini, ana amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin samar da wasu rini da rini masu tsaka-tsaki. Alal misali, yana da hannu a cikin haɗin cyanuric chloride, wanda shine mahimmancin tsaka-tsaki don samar da dyes masu amsawa. Ana amfani da rini mai amsawa sosai a cikin masana'antar yadi saboda kyawawan kaddarorinsu na launi. Cyanuric chloride zai iya amsawa tare da mahadi daban-daban don samar da nau'ikan sifofin rini waɗanda za su iya haɗawa da zaren yadi, samar da launi mai dorewa.

2.Textile Processing

A cikin masana'antar yadi, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin mordant a wasu hanyoyin rini. Mordant yana taimakawa wajen inganta ɗaurin rini zuwa masana'anta, haɓaka ƙarfin launi da ƙarfin kayan da aka fentin. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi a cikin wasu matakai na jiyya a saman don yadi, kamar a cikin yanayin ƙarfe - sassa na kayan aikin yadi inda zai iya shiga cikin matakai kamar ruwa carburizing da nitriding don inganta taurin da lalacewa - juriya na abubuwan ƙarfe.

Kula da Kwari da Fumigation

Saboda yanayinsa mai guba sosai, an yi amfani da sodium cyanide don magance kwari, musamman a baya don dalilai na fumigation. A cikin wuraren da aka rufe kamar ɗakunan ajiya ko wuraren ajiya, ana iya amfani da fumigants na tushen cyanide mai ɗauke da sodium cyanide don kashe kwari kamar kwari, rodents, da wasu fungi. Duk da haka, amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin kula da kwari ya ragu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan saboda tsananin gubarsa da haɓaka hanyoyin magance kwari marasa haɗari. Dokokin tsaro masu tsauri yanzu suna sarrafa amfani da shi a wannan yanki don hana fallasa haɗari ga mutane da ƙwayoyin da ba na manufa ba.

A ƙarshe, sodium cyanide, duk da gubarsa, wani muhimmin sinadari ne da ke da nau'o'in aikace-aikace a masana'antu kamar hakar ma'adinai, electroplating, haɗin sinadarai, magunguna, rini da yadi, da kuma kula da kwari. Koyaya, sarrafa shi da amfani da shi yana buƙatar bin ƙa'idodin aminci da muhalli don rage haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli.