Yaya ake amfani da sodium cyanide wajen haƙar zinare?

sodium cyanide (NaCN), a matsayin ainihin reagent don Hakar Zinariya, gane da canji daga tama zuwa zinariya ta hanyar Cyanidation hanya a cikin Karafa na Gwal. Wannan tsari ya ƙunshi hadaddun ayyukan sinadarai da tsauraran tsari. Wadannan sune takamaiman matakan amfani da mahimman bayanan fasaha:

Tsarin Cyanidation na Zinariya

I. Maganin Kaya

1.Crush da Nika

Ana niƙa ma'adinan a niƙa shi ya zama foda mai laushi (yawanci tare da girman barbashi ≤ 75μm) don ƙara yankin da aka taɓa da maganin Sodium Cyanide.

2.Flotation or Gravity Concentration

Ya kamata a samar da ma'adinan ƙasa da ƙasa don ma'adinan gwal ta hanyar yin iyo ko maida hankali don rage adadin tama don maganin cyanidation na gaba.

II. Cyanidation Leaching Reaction

1.Sharuɗɗan Leaching

• Shiri na Maganin: A narkar da sinadarin sodium cyanide a cikin ruwa don samar da ruwan da aka narkar da shi mai yawan 0.01%-0.1% (takamaiman yawan ya dogara da matakin ma'adinin).

• Muhalli na Alkaline: A ƙara sinadarin calcium oxide (CaO) ko sodium hydroxide (NaOH) don daidaita pH zuwa 10-11 don hana rugujewar cyanide zuwa iskar hydrogen cyanide (HCN) mai guba sosai.

• Iskar Oxygen: A kiyaye yawan iskar oxygen da ke narkewa a cikin ruwan (yawanci > 5 mg/L) ta hanyar iska ko motsawa don haifar da amsawar iskar oxygen.

2.Maganin Kimiyya

Zinariya yana amsawa tare da cyanide a cikin yanayin alkaline da yanayin iska don samar da hadaddun abubuwa masu narkewa:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ (sodium aurocyanide) + 4NaOH

Wannan dauki yana buƙatar ɗaukar tsawon sa'o'i da yawa zuwa kwanaki da yawa don tabbatar da cewa zinaren ya narkar da cikakke.

III. Hazo da Farfadowar Zinariya

1.Tsarin Gyaran Zinc

Ƙara zinc foda ko waya na zinc zuwa maganin leaching, kuma zinare yana haɓaka ta hanyar maye gurbin:

2Au(CN)₂⁻ + Zn → 2Au↓ + Zn(CN)₄²⁻

Ana wanke fodar zinare da aka samar kuma a narke don samun danyen zinari.

2.Hanyar Adsorption Carbon Mai Kunnawa

A madadin bayani, carbon da aka kunna zai iya zaɓar Au(CN) ₂⁻ a cikin maganin, sannan kuma ana gano gwal ta hanyar lalata yanayin zafi.

IV. Jiyya na Tailings da Kula da Tsaro

1.Neutralization na Cyanide

Ruwan wutsiya bayan leaching yana buƙatar oxidize ragowar cyanide ta ƙara sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) ko hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂):

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

A ƙarshe, rage ƙaddamarwar cyanide zuwa ma'aunin amincin muhalli (yawanci <0.5 mg/L).

2.Closed-loop Circulation System

Ɗauki tsarin rufe don rage fitar da maganin cyanide, kuma yawan sake amfani da wasu kamfanoni na iya kaiwa fiye da 90%.

V. Wahalolin Fasaha da Ingantattun Hanyoyi

1. Tsangwama na Najasa

Ƙarfe irin su jan karfe da baƙin ƙarfe za su cinye cyanide. Pretreatment (kamar gasa don desulfurization) ko ƙari na masu hanawa (kamar sodium sulfide) ana buƙatar don rage tasirin.

2.Maganin Karamar Ores

Don ingantaccen watsawa da zinare da ke rufe, ana ɗaukar pre-oxidation na halitta (kamar leaching na kwayan cuta) ko fasahar oxidation na matsa lamba don karya tsarin ma'adinai da haɓaka ƙimar leaching na zinariya.

3.Haɓaka Fasahar Kare Muhalli

Haɓaka ma'aikatan leaching masu ƙarancin cyanide ko cyanide marasa kyauta (irin su thiosulfates), da kuma bincika sabbin hanyoyin dawo da su kamar shigar da sinadarai na lantarki.

Kammalawa

Amfani da sinadarin Sodium cyanide a haƙar zinare ya dogara ne akan ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa da kuma tsauraran matakan kula da lafiya. Duk da cewa gubarsa ta haifar da ce-ce-ku-ce, ingancinsa da fa'idodin tattalin arziki har yanzu sun sanya shi babbar fasaha. A nan gaba, tare da inganta buƙatun kare muhalli, hanyar cyanidation za ta haɓaka tare da haɗin gwiwa da fasahar kore, tana haɓaka canjin haƙar zinare zuwa ga ingantacciyar hanya mai ɗorewa.