Haɓaka Ma'aunin Farko na Zinariya ta hanyar Haɗin Amfani da Sodium Cyanide da Potassium Bromide

Gabatarwa

A masana'antar haƙar zinare da haƙowa, haɓaka ƙimar dawo da zinare daga ma'adanai yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Hanya ɗaya da ta nuna kyakkyawan sakamako ita ce haɗakar amfani da Sodium cyanide da Potassium bromide . Wannan rubutun shafin yanar gizo zai bincika yadda wannan haɗin ke aiki da fa'idodin da zai iya bayarwa wajen inganta dawo da zinare.

Matsayin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Haƙar Zinare

Sodium cyanide ya daɗe yana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin fitar da Zinare . Hanyar cyanidation, wacce ta samo asali tun daga shekarar 1887 lokacin da aka fara amfani da ita don fitar da zinare da azurfa, ta kasance babbar dabara a masana'antar zinare ta duniya. Tsarin yana da sauƙi. Ga ƙananan ma'adanai na zinariya, da farko ana niƙa ma'adinan zuwa girman da ya dace don ƙara girman saman sa, wanda ke sauƙaƙa amsawa tare da maganin cyanide. Sannan, ana gabatar da maganin cyanide (yawanci Sodium Cyanide da aka narkar a cikin ruwa). A gaban iskar oxygen, zinare a cikin ma'adinan yana amsawa da ions na cyanide don samar da hadaddun cyanide na zinare mai narkewa. Sauƙaƙawar amsawar sinadarai ita ce: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na(Au(CN)₂) + 4NaOH. Wannan yana ba da damar narkar da zinare daga ma'aunin ma'adinan. Sodium cyanide yana da babban alaƙa da zinare, yana ba shi damar narkar da zinare daga ma'adinan, koda lokacin da adadin zinare ya yi ƙasa. Wannan zaɓin yana da matuƙar muhimmanci domin yana ba da damar fitar da zinare daga ma'adanai inda wasu ma'adanai za su iya kasancewa a cikin adadi mai yawa. A lokuta da yawa, dangane da yanayin ma'adinan, cyanidation tare da sodium cyanide na iya samun babban adadin dawo da zinare, sau da yawa yana farawa daga 50 - 80%, kuma a wasu lokuta, har zuwa 90%.

Aikin Potassium Bromide

Potassium bromide kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a aikin hakar gwal. Bromide - tushen hakar zinare tsari ne mai ban sha'awa wanda aka yi nazari sosai. Yin amfani da bromide azaman madadin ko haɓakawa a cikin aikin hakar gwal yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Yana da ƙarancin arha, yana da ƙimar leaching mai girma (daga 90 - 95% a wasu lokuta), saurin leaching mai sauri, ba shi da lalacewa a matakan da suka dace, kuma yana iya zama mara guba a ƙananan matakan. Lokacin amfani da a hade tare da sauran reagents, shi zai iya bunkasa da overall yadda ya dace na zinariya hakar tsari.

Haɗin gwiwar Sodium Cyanide da Potassium Bromide

Lokacin da aka yi amfani da sodium cyanide da potassium bromide a cikin tandem, za su iya haifar da tasiri mai tasiri. ions bromide daga potassium bromide na iya yin mu'amala da gwanaye-cyanide complexes wanda sodium cyanide ya kirkira. Wannan hulɗar na iya haifar da samuwar ƙarin barga ko kuma masu narkewa, wanda hakan zai iya ƙara haɓakar zinariya a cikin maganin. Alal misali, ions bromide na iya shiga cikin wani hali wanda ya canza tsarin zinariya - cyanide complex, yana sauƙaƙa don ƙara sarrafa gwal kuma a raba shi da mafita. Bugu da ƙari, kasancewar bromide kuma na iya shafar abubuwan da ke saman gwal ɗin da ke cikin ma'adinai. Yana iya taimakawa wajen rushe duk wani abin rufe fuska ko ƙazanta akan barbashi na gwal, ƙyale ions cyanide daga sodium cyanide su sami mafi kyawun damar zuwa saman gwal, don haka yana haɓaka narkar da gwal.

Nazarin Harka da Sakamako

Yawancin karatu da aikace-aikace masu amfani sun nuna tasirin wannan haɗin gwiwa. A cikin wasu saitin gwaji, lokacin da ake kula da ma'adinan gwal tare da haɗin haɗin sodium cyanide da potassium bromide, ƙimar dawo da zinare ya fi girma idan aka kwatanta da amfani da sodium cyanide kadai. Misali, a cikin wani bincike na musamman, adadin dawo da gwal ya karu daga kusan 70% lokacin amfani da sodium cyanide kawai zuwa sama da 85% lokacin da aka kara potassium bromide a cikin tsarin. A cikin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na gaske na duniya, wasu ma'adinan da suka yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar waɗannan reagents guda biyu sun ba da rahoton ingantattun 经济效益. Sun sami damar fitar da karin zinare daga ma'adanin ma'adinai iri ɗaya, wanda ba kawai yana ƙara darajar albarkatun ba amma kuma yana ƙara samun riba na aikin hakar ma'adinai.

La'akarin Muhalli da Tsaro

Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa duka sodium cyanide da potassium bromide suna buƙatar kulawa da kulawa. Sodium cyanide abu ne mai guba sosai, kuma amfani da shi da jigilar sa suna ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodi masu tsauri. Duk wani maganin sharar gida mai dauke da sodium cyanide dole ne a bi shi da kyau don hana gurɓatar muhalli. Ana iya amfani da maganin hydrogen peroxide, alal misali, don oxidize da lalata sodium cyanide a cikin sharar gida, samar da sodium bicarbonate da gas ammonia. Potassium bromide, yayin da gabaɗaya ƙasa da guba fiye da sodium cyanide, kuma yana buƙatar kulawa da kyau don tabbatar da aminci a wurin aiki. Lokacin amfani da haɗin waɗannan reagents guda biyu, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai dole ne su aiwatar da tsauraran ka'idojin aminci da ayyukan sarrafa muhalli don rage haɗari.

Kammalawa

Haɗin amfani da sodium cyanide da potassium bromide yana ba da kyakkyawar hanya don haɓaka ƙimar dawo da gwal. Ta hanyar fahimtar hulɗar sinadarai tsakanin waɗannan reagents biyu da ayyukansu na mutum a cikin tsarin hakar zinare, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya haɓaka hanyoyin haƙar su. Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci don daidaita fa'idodin da za a iya samu tare da tsauraran matakan muhalli da aminci. Yayin da buƙatun zinare ke ci gaba da girma kuma adadin kuɗin zinare masu daraja ya yi ƙaranci, sabbin dabaru irin wannan haɗin gwiwa za su ƙara taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ci gaban masana'antar hakar gwal mai ɗorewa.