Abubuwan Da Ke Taimakawa Ingantacciyar Leaching na Zinariya tare da Sodium Cyanide

A masana'antar haƙar zinare, ana amfani da tsarin Cyanidation ta amfani da Sodium cyanide sosai don cire zinare daga ma'adanai. Duk da haka, ingancin wannan tsari na iya shafar dalilai da yawa. Fahimtar waɗannan abubuwan yana da mahimmanci don inganta tsarin haƙar zinare, inganta ƙimar dawowa, da rage farashin aiki. Wannan labarin ya yi nazari kan mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin haƙar zinare tare da Sodium Cyanide.

Halayen Ore

Haɗin Ma'adinai

Abubuwan ma'adinai na ma'adinai na zinariya suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin cyanidation. Wasu ma'adanai na iya yin mummunar tasiri akan leaching na zinariya. Misali, jan karfe, arsenic, antimony, da bismuth da ke cikin ma'adinan na iya kara yawan amfani da cyanide ko rage iskar oxygen da ke cikin slurry, ta yadda za a rage yawan leaching na zinari. Lokacin da ma'adanai na jan karfe suna samuwa, jan karfe zai iya amsawa tare da cyanide don samar da gine-ginen jan karfe-cyanide, yana cinye babban adadin cyanide. Game da ma'adanai masu ɗauke da arsenic, za su iya yin oxidize a cikin maganin cyanide, suna cinye iskar oxygen da kuma samar da mahadi na arsenic wanda zai iya rufe saman gwal na gwal, hana haɗuwa tsakanin zinariya da cyanide. Bugu da ƙari, idan ma'adinan ya ƙunshi babban abun ciki na carbon, carbon zai iya haɗa gwal ɗin da aka narkar da shi, wanda zai haifar da asarar zinariya a cikin wutsiya. Don rage waɗannan batutuwa, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin da aka riga aka yi magani kamar gasassun ruwa ko yin iyo don cirewa ko rage tasirin waɗannan ƙazanta masu cutarwa.

Girman Barbashin Zinare

Girman ɓangarorin zinari kai tsaye suna shafar lokacin leaching da inganci. Ƙananan barbashi na gwal (mafi girma fiye da 74μm) suna da saurin narkewa saboda ƙaramin yanki da ke akwai don amsawa tare da cyanide. A cikin tsari na cyanidation, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa ɓangarorin gwal sun isa yantar da su daga ma'adanai na gangue. Nika ma'adinan zuwa ga tarar da ta dace yana da mahimmanci don cimma wannan. Ta hanyar rage girman barbashi, ƙarin filaye na zinariya suna fallasa, yana sauƙaƙe amsawa tare da cyanide. Duk da haka, ya kamata a guji yin niƙa fiye da kima saboda yana iya haifar da ƙarin farashi, kamar yawan amfani da makamashi da kuma sa kayan aikin niƙa. Bugu da ƙari, niƙa fiye da kima na iya haifar da sakin ma'adanai masu kyau na gangue waɗanda za su iya tsoma baki tare da aikin leaching ko ƙara wahalar rabuwar ruwa mai ƙarfi. Don ma'adanai tare da gwal mai laushi mai kyau, samun ingantaccen niƙa mai dacewa, yawanci tare da babban adadin barbashi ƙasa da wani girman (misali, -38μm), na iya haɓaka tasirin leaching sosai.

Tsarin Ore da Rubutu

Tsarin ciki da nau'in ma'adinai na iya tasiri ga tsarin cyanidation. Ores tare da hadaddun sifofi, kamar waɗanda ke da ingantacciyar haɗawa ko lullube da zinari, na iya buƙatar ƙarin niƙa mai zurfi ko ƙarin matakan jiyya don fallasa gwal don yin lele. Ƙunƙarar ƙarfe na iya ƙyale maganin cyanide ya shiga cikin sauƙi, yana haɓaka aikin leaching. A gefe guda kuma, ƙanƙara ko ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarfe na iya iyakance yaduwar cyanide da iskar oxygen, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙimar leaching. Fahimtar tsarin ma'adinai ta hanyar dabaru kamar microscope na iya taimakawa wajen tsara dabarun leaching mafi inganci.

Yanayin Leaching

Cyanide Concentration

Yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide a cikin ruwan da ke fitar da sinadarin leaching wani muhimmin abu ne. Da farko yawan sinadarin leading na zinare yana ƙaruwa a layi tare da ƙaruwar yawan sinadarin Cyanide har sai ya kai ga ƙimar kololuwa. Bayan wani takamaiman yawan sinadarin, ƙarin ƙaruwa a cikin sinadarin cyanide ba zai iya inganta yawan sinadarin narkewar zinare sosai ba kuma yana iya haifar da raguwa. Yawanci, a cikin sinadarin cyanide na zinare, yawan sinadarin cyanide a cikin ruwan yana kasancewa tsakanin 0.03% - 0.08%. Idan yawan sinadarin cyanide ya yi ƙasa sosai, tasirin sinadarin leading na zinare ba shi da kyau, kuma saurin leading yana raguwa, wanda ke haifar da tsawon lokacin leading da ƙaruwar farashi. Akasin haka, yawan sinadarin cyanide da ya wuce kima ba wai kawai yana haifar da sharar gida ba, har ma yana ƙara haɗarin muhalli da ke da alaƙa da sarrafa da zubar da sinadarin cyanide. Saboda haka, ƙayyade mafi kyawun yawan sinadarin cyanide bisa ga takamaiman kaddarorin ma'adinai yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen cire zinare.

Oxygen Concentration

Oxygen wajibi ne don oxidation na zinariya a cikin tsarin cyanidation. Adadin narkar da zinari yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar iskar oxygen. A yawancin tsire-tsire na cyanidation, ana amfani da iska a matsayin tushen iskar oxygen. Ta hanyar wadatar da iskar oxygen a cikin maganin ko yin amfani da cyanidation mai matsa lamba, za a iya haɓaka narkar da zinariya. Duk da haka, yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin maganin yana raguwa sosai. A 100 ° C, iskar oxygen ya ragu zuwa sifili, wanda ke dakatar da aikin leaching. Don haka, kiyaye iskar oxygen da ta dace a cikin leaching slurry, la'akari da dalilai kamar zazzabi da tashin hankali, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen leaching na zinare.

pH Darajar

Tsayawa daidai ƙimar pH a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da mahimmanci ga tsarin cyanidation. A cikin samar da masana'antu, ƙimar pH na ɓangaren litattafan almara yawanci ana kiyaye shi tsakanin 10.0 - 11.0. Ana ƙara lemun tsami sau da yawa a cikin maganin cyanide don yin aiki azaman alkali mai karewa. Yana taimaka wajen rage hydrolysis na cyanide, rage girman asarar cyanide kamar hydrogen cyanide gas. Bugu da ƙari, lemun tsami na iya kawar da abubuwan acidic a cikin ma'adinan kuma ya haifar da ions masu cutarwa a cikin slurry, haifar da kyakkyawan yanayi don narkar da zinariya. Idan alkalinity ya yi girma (pH> 12) ko ƙasa da ƙasa (pH <9), ƙimar leaching na zinari zai ragu. Babban alkalinity na iya hana amsawa tsakanin zinari da cyanide, yayin da ƙarancin alkalinity na iya haɓaka hydrolysis na cyanide kuma ƙara yawan amfani.

Zafin jiki

Zafin da ake samu a tsarin fitar da sinadarin zinare yana da tasiri mai sarkakiya kan fitar da sinadarin zinare. Yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, ayyukan ions suna ƙaruwa, wanda da farko ke hanzarta fitar da sinadarin zinare. Duk da haka, yawan zafin jiki yana haifar da raguwa sosai a cikin narkewar iskar oxygen a cikin maganin. A lokaci guda, haɓakar sinadarin cyanide da kansa yana ƙaruwa, kuma amsawar sinadarin cyanide na ƙarfe mai tushe yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar amfani da sinadarin cyanide. Bugu da ƙari, narkewar sinadarin calcium hydroxide (daga ƙarin lemun tsami) yana raguwa a yanayin zafi mafi girma, wanda zai iya haifar da raguwar ƙimar pH na ɓangaren litattafan. Saboda haka, ga yawancin hanyoyin fitar da sinadarin zinare, kodayake matsakaicin ƙaruwa a zafin jiki na iya inganta ƙimar fitar da sinadarin zuwa wani mataki, yawan zafin jiki mai yawa ba shi da amfani. Gabaɗaya, ana yin amfani da sinadarin cyanidation sau da yawa a yanayin zafi mai zafi ko kuma ɗan ƙaramin yanayi, kuma ana buƙatar ƙayyade mafi kyawun zafin jiki bisa ga takamaiman halayen ma'adinai da yanayin aikin.

Lokacin Leaching

Lokacin leaching da ake buƙata ya dogara da abubuwa daban-daban kamar yanayin ma'adinai, hanyar cyanidation, da yanayin leaching. Don cyanidation mai motsawa, lokacin leaching yawanci yakan wuce sa'o'i 24 kuma yana iya zama wani lokacin har tsawon sa'o'i 40 ko fiye. Game da leaching telluride zinariya ores, zai iya daukar har zuwa 72 hours. Don percolation cyanidation, lokacin leaching ya fi tsayi, sau da yawa yana buƙatar fiye da kwanaki biyar. Idan lokacin leaching ya yi gajere sosai, ƙwayar gwal ɗin na iya zama ba za a narkar da shi gabaɗaya ba, yana haifar da ƙarancin murmurewa. Sabanin haka, idan lokacin leaching ya yi tsayi da yawa, ba kawai yana ƙara farashin samarwa ba har ma yana iya haifar da narkar da ƙarin ƙazanta a cikin ma'adinai, wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin dawo da zinari na gaba. Saboda haka, ƙayyadadden lokacin leaching da ya dace ta hanyar bincike na gwaji da haɓaka tsari yana da mahimmanci don cimma ingantaccen hakar zinare.

Slurry Concentration

Matsakaicin slurry na leaching kai tsaye yana rinjayar adadin yaduwa na abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin cyanidation. Babban slurry maida hankali yana ƙara danko na slurry, wanda ba shi da amfani ga yaduwar cyanide da oxygen zuwa gwal na gwal, don haka rage yawan leaching. Sabanin haka, idan slurry maida hankali ne ma low, ko da yake yana iya inganta yaduwa yanayi, zai ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide da sauran reagents da kuma bukatar ya fi girma kayan aiki kundin, haifar da ƙarin farashi. Ana buƙatar ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwar da ya dace ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen fa'ida bisa ga halayen ma'adinai. Don ma'adinan da ke da ƙarancin laka da ƙarancin ƙazanta, ana iya amfani da mafi girman maida hankali (yawanci 40% - 50%) don leaching. Don ma'adinan da ke da hadaddun abubuwan ma'adinai da babban abun ciki na laka, ana buƙatar ƙaramin taro (kusan 25%) sau da yawa.

wasu dalilai

Kasancewar Najasa a cikin slurry

Baya ga ma'adanai masu cutarwa a cikin ma'adinan kanta, sauran ƙazanta a cikin slurry na leaching kuma na iya shafar tsarin cyanidation. Alal misali, ƙwayoyin gangue masu kyau, musamman ma waɗanda ke da babban yumbu, na iya ƙara danko na slurry, hana motsi na cyanide da oxygen. Waɗannan barbashi masu kyau na iya haɗawa da cyanide, rage tasirin sa mai tasiri don leaching na gwal. Bugu da ƙari kuma, idan akwai wasu ions ƙarfe masu nauyi a cikin slurry, za su iya amsawa tare da cyanide don samar da hadaddun, cinye cyanide kuma suna tsoma baki tare da halayen leaching na zinariya. Kulawa na yau da kullun da kuma dacewa kafin magani na slurry don cirewa ko rage waɗannan ƙazanta na iya taimakawa inganta haɓakar cyanidation.

Tada hankali da cakuduwa

Tashin hankali da ya dace da gauraya slurry na leaching suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da rarraba iri ɗaya na cyanide, oxygen, da barbashi na tama. Agitation yana taimakawa wajen kawo masu amsawa cikin hulɗar yadda ya kamata, yana haɓaka ƙimar amsawa. Rashin isassun tashin hankali na iya haifar da gradients na gida, inda wasu wuraren slurry ba su da isasshen cyanide ko iskar oxygen, wanda ke haifar da rashin cikawar gwal. Koyaya, matsanancin tashin hankali na iya haifar da lalacewa da yawa na kayan aiki kuma yana iya haifar da samuwar kumfa a cikin slurry, wanda zai iya shafar tsarin leaching. Sabili da haka, inganta saurin tashin hankali da ƙarfi bisa ga ƙayyadaddun buƙatun tsari yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen cyanidation na zinari.

A ƙarshe, ingancin takin gwal tare da sodium cyanide yana tasiri da abubuwa da yawa, gami da halayen tama, yanayin leaching, da sauran sigogin aiki. Ta hanyar yin la'akari a hankali da haɓaka waɗannan abubuwan, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na iya inganta ƙimar dawo da gwal, rage farashi, da rage tasirin muhalli na tsarin cyanidation.