Tasirin kunnawa da tasirin tasirin gishirin gubar akan tsarin cyanidation na zinari

Gabatarwa

Tsarin cyanidation na zinare tsari ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar haƙar ma'adinai don fitar da zinare daga ma'adanai. Ƙara wasu sinadarai na iya yin tasiri sosai ga ingancin wannan tsari. Daga cikin waɗannan ƙarin abubuwa, Lead Salts sun nuna tasirin rikitarwa, duka kunnawa da kashewa, akan amsawar Gold Cyanidation . Fahimtar waɗannan tasirin yana da mahimmanci don inganta hanyoyin fitar da zinare , rage farashi, da rage tasirin muhalli.

Tushen Tsari na Cyanidation na Zinariya

Cyanidation na zinare, wanda aka fi sani da tsarin MacArthur-Forrest, ya ƙunshi amsawar zinariya tare da ions na cyanide a gaban iskar oxygen. Wannan amsawar sinadarai yana ba da damar zinariya ta narke daga matrix na ma'adinan zuwa cikin maganin, wanda ke ba da damar murmurewa daga baya. Duk da haka, kasancewar ƙazanta daban-daban a cikin ma'adinan da yanayin amsawar na iya shafar yadda zinariya ke narkewa da sauri da gaba ɗaya.

Tasirin Kunna Gishirin Dalma

Hanyar Kunnawa

Matsayin Ƙarfafawa a cikin Ayyukan Electrochemical

Gishirin gubar na iya yin aiki a matsayin masu kara kuzari a cikin aikin cyanidation na zinariya. A cikin ƙananan ƙananan yanki (- 0.35 V vs. Ag/AgCl), an nuna ƙara gishirin gubar don hanzarta aikin leaching na zinariya a cikin maganin cyanide. Gwaje-gwajen cyclic voltammetry (CV) sun nuna cewa gubar tana shiga cikin halayen lantarki da ke faruwa a saman gwal. A ƙarƙashin yanayin cyanidation, zinari yana samar da gami da gubar. Waɗannan gami suna haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta na lantarki akan saman gwal, inda oxidation da raguwar halayen ke faruwa a lokaci guda. Halin oxidation a cikin haɗin gwal - gami yana haɓaka ɓarnawar zinari, yayin da raguwar haɓakar ya haɗa da iskar oxygen ko wasu abubuwan oxidizing a cikin maganin. Wannan electrochemical mataki muhimmanci accelerates da overall yawan narkar zinariya.

Hana Halayen Najasa

A cikin ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe da sauran ƙazanta, gishirin gubar na taka rawa mai fa'ida. Ma'adanai na Copper a cikin ma'adinai na iya cinye cyanide da oxygen, suna fafatawa da zinare - cyanidation dauki. Gishirin gubar suna hulɗa da ions jan ƙarfe ko jan ƙarfe - ma'adanai masu ɗaukar nauyi, suna samar da mahadi marasa narkewa waɗanda ke hana ma'adinan jan ƙarfe narkar da su. Wannan yana rage adadin cyanide da tagulla ke cinyewa, yana barin ƙarin cyanide da ke samuwa ga gwal - halayen cyanidation kuma ta haka yana ƙara ƙimar leaching na zinariya. A cikin zinare mai girma - tagulla - ma'adinai masu ɗaukar nauyi, ƙara gishirin gubar an lura da shi don rage adadin jan ƙarfe da aka narkar a cikin maganin cyanide, yana riƙe da rabo mai kyau don narkar da zinariya.

Shaidar Gwaji na Kunnawa

Nazarin dakin gwaje-gwaje da na masana'antu sun tabbatar da tasirin kunnawa na gishirin gubar. A wani bincike da aka yi kan ma'adinan zinare mai nauyin kashi 0.25% na galena, ƙara gishirin gubar ya inganta yawan zubar da zinare sosai. Ayyukan masana'antu kuma suna goyon bayan waɗannan binciken. A wasu ma'adanai na zinare, lokacin sarrafa takamaiman nau'ikan ma'adanai, ƙara adadin gishirin gubar da ya dace ya rage yawan amfani da Sodium Cyanide daga sama da kilogiram 12/t zuwa ƙasa da kilogiram 5/t kuma ya ƙara yawan dawo da zinare zuwa sama da kashi 98%.

Lalacewar Gishirin gubar

Sharuɗɗa don Kashewa

Kasancewar Silicate da Wasu Gubar - Haɓaka Ma'adanai

A karkashin wasu yanayi, musamman a gaban silicate da takamaiman gubar - ma'adanai masu ɗauke da gubar, ƙara gubar na iya rage iskar oxygenation na zinariya. A yuwuwar - 0.35 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), ƙimar da zinare ke narkewa yana raguwa. Dalilin da ya sa yana da rikitarwa, amma yana iya haɗawa da samar da fina-finai na sama ko kuma hulɗar abubuwan gubar tare da saman zinariya, wanda ke toshe ions cyanide da oxygen isa ga zinariya. Misali, wasu ma'adanai masu ɗauke da gubar suna amsawa tare da maganin cyanide don samar da mahadi waɗanda ke rufe saman gwal, suna hana ci gaban al'ada na halayen cyanidation.

High - Sulfur Ores

A cikin manyan ma'adanai na sulfur, ƙara gubar bazai da amfani kuma yana iya haifar da kashewa. Lokacin da abun ciki na sulfur a cikin ma'adinan ya yi girma, ma'adinan sulfide suna oxidized zuwa sulfur na farko yayin aikin cyanidation. Wannan sulfur na asali yana samar da wani Layer akan saman zinari wanda ya hana shi amsawa tare da cyanide - maganin oxygen. Gubar na iya haɓaka iskar oxygen da ma'adinan sulfide zuwa sulfur, ƙara hana halayen cyanidation na zinariya da haifar da raguwar raguwar adadin zinare.

Shaidar Nazari na Kashewa

Binciken X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yana ba da shaidar tasirin kashewa. A cikin samfurori daga manyan - sulfur ore cyanidation tafiyar matakai tare da ƙarar gubar, XPS spectra nuna kasancewar sulfur - dauke da abubuwa a saman zinariya, yana nuna samuwar sulfur Layer na wucewa. Har ila yau, gwaje-gwajen lantarki sun tabbatar da cewa adadin oxidation na zinariya yana raguwa a gaban silicate da gubar - ma'adanai masu ɗauke da guba.

Abubuwan Da Ke Tasirin Ma'auni tsakanin Kunnawa da Kashewa

Tattara Gishirin Gubar

Adadin gishirin gubar da aka ƙara zuwa tsarin cyanidation yana da mahimmanci. A ƙananan ƙididdiga, gishirin gubar yawanci yana da tasiri mai kunnawa, yana haɓaka rushewar gwal. Amma idan maida hankali ya yi yawa, zai iya haifar da samuwar samfuran dauki fiye da kima wanda ke haifar da kashewa. Misali, yawan yawan ion gubar na iya haifar da hazo na gubar - complexes cyanide wadanda ke lullube saman gwal da kuma dakatar da amsawar cyanidation.

Abun da ke ciki

Abubuwan da ke cikin ma'adanin, gami da nau'ikan da adadin ma'adinan sulfide, silicates, da sauran ƙazanta, suna ƙayyade ko gishirin gubar yana aiki azaman masu kunnawa ko kashewa. Ores tare da babban abun ciki na wasu ma'adanai na sulfide, kamar pyrite a cikin manyan ores sulfur, suna iya fuskantar kashewa yayin da aka ƙara gubar. Sabanin haka, ma'adinan da ke da adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai na jan karfe na iya amfana daga tasirin kunnawar gishirin gubar.

Yanayin Amsa

Yanayin amsawa kamar zafin jiki, pH, da tattara iskar oxygen da cyanide a cikin maganin suma suna tasiri tasirin kunnawa da kashewar gishirin gubar. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na iya hanzarta duka halayen masu fa'ida da cutarwa masu alaƙa da gubar. pH na maganin yana shafar yadda gubar da sauran ions na karfe ke kasancewa, yana tasiri hulɗar su da zinariya da sauran ma'adanai. Isasshen iskar oxygen ya zama dole don zinare - halayen cyanidation don ci gaba a al'ada, kuma gishirin gubar na iya yin hulɗa tare da oxygen ta hanyoyi daban-daban dangane da yanayin, ko dai haɓakawa ko hana halayen.

Kammalawa

Gishiri na gubar suna da tasirin kunnawa da kashewa akan aikin cyanidation na gwal. Tasirin kunnawa, kamar haɓaka halayen electrochemical da rage tsangwama na ƙazanta, na iya haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar gwal sosai. Duk da haka, a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, kamar a gaban silicate, takamaiman gubar - ma'adanai masu ɗaukar nauyi, ko maɗaukaki - sulfur ores, gishirin gubar na iya haifar da kashewa ta hanyar rage yawan iskar shaka na zinariya ko samar da yadudduka a saman gwal. Fahimtar abubuwan da ke tasiri waɗannan tasirin, gami da tattara gishirin gubar, abun da ke tattare da ma'adinai, da yanayin amsawa, yana da mahimmanci don amfani da gishirin gubar cikin nasara a cikin cyanidation na zinari. Ta hanyar sarrafa waɗannan abubuwan a hankali, masana'antar hakar ma'adinai na iya haɓaka hakar zinare, rage yawan amfani da reagent, haɓaka riba, da rage tasirin muhalli. Bincike na gaba zai iya mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar ingantattun samfura don hasashen halayen gishirin gubar a cikin ma'adinai daban-daban - yanayin sarrafawa da gano sabbin hanyoyin magance tasirin kashewa.