Hanyoyin Maganin Ruwan Cyanidation na Zinariya

In Shuka Cyanidation na Zinariyas, ko da yake wasu Cyanide Wastewater ana sake yin fa'ida, har yanzu akwai wasu cyanide Ruwan datti ko ragowar cyanide da ake fitarwa. Cyanide yana da guba sosai, don haka ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ruwa na cyanide yana da mahimmanci kafin fitarwa don guje wa gurɓatar muhalli da lalata lafiyar ɗan adam da dabbobi. A halin yanzu, waɗannan hanyoyin magance sharar ruwan cyanide na yau da kullun a cikin tsire-tsire na cyanidation na zinari.

Hanyoyin Magani don Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakai) da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakai, da Karancin Matsalolin Ruwan Sharan Ruwa na Cyanide

Hanyar chlorination na alkaline

Hanyar chlorination ta alkaline hanya ce da ake amfani da ita sosai. A cikin wannan hanyar, ana ƙara sinadarin chlorine oxidant mai ƙarfin oxidation mai ƙarfin oxidation mai yawa a cikin ruwan sharar alkaline cyanide. Sinadaran bleaching na yau da kullun sun haɗa da ClO₂, Cl₂ (gas da ruwa), foda mai bleaching, sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, da chlorite. A cikin maganin alkaline, yawanci ana samar da OCl⁻ ko wani babban oxidation na chloride. Da farko, ana haɗa cyanide zuwa cyanate, sannan a ƙara oxidation zuwa Carbon dioxide da nitrogen.

• Ribobi : Ana samun sinadaran da aka yi amfani da su sosai kuma ba su da tsada. Tasirin maganin yana da kyau, kuma kayan aikin da ake amfani da su abu ne mai sauƙi, wanda yake da sauƙin sarrafa kansa.

• Rashin Amfani : Tunda sinadarin cyanogen chloride da ake samarwa yana da guba sosai, yana da matukar illa ga masu aiki. Cyanogen chloride idan ya hadu da ruwa zai iya haifar da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli, wanda hakan ke haifar da mummunar illa ga kayan aiki.

Hanyar Inco

Hanyar Inco ta haɓaka ta Inco Ltd. a cikin 1982. Ya ƙunshi ƙara cakuda SO₂ da iska zuwa ruwan datti na cyanide da sarrafa ƙimar pH tsakanin 8 - 10. Divalent jan ƙarfe ions yana haifar da oxidation na cyanide a cikin ruwan datti.

• Amfani : Hanyar Inco abu ne mai sauƙi, kuma kayan aikin da ake amfani da su ba su da rikitarwa. Tasirin magani gabaɗaya ya fi tsarin chlorine (ba tare da la'akari da gubar thiocyanate ba). Tushen reagent ɗin suna da faɗi sosai, kuma jarin ya yi ƙasa da na tsarin alkaline chlorine.

• Rashin Amfani : Hanyar Inco tana da wahala wajen samar da iskar oxygen ga SCN⁻, kuma SCN⁻ na iya raba CN⁻ daga baya, don haka bai dace da magance ruwan sharar cyanide mai yawan SCN⁻ ba. SO₂ kuma gurɓataccen iska ne kuma yana iya tserewa da zubewa yayin amsawar, yana gurɓata muhalli.

H₂O₂ Hanyar Oxidation

A karkashin yanayi na pH darajar 9.5 - 11. al'ada zazzabi, da kuma jan karfe (Cu²⁺) ions a matsayin mai kara kuzari, H₂O₂ oxidizes cyanide don samar da CNO⁻. CNO⁻ za a ƙara yin amfani da ruwa don samar da NH₄⁺ da CO₃²⁻, kuma ƙimar hydrolysis ya dogara da pH.

• Ribobi : Tasirin maganin ruwan sharar cyanide yana da kyau, kuma tsarin yana da sauƙi. Hanyar oxidation ta dace da magance ruwan sharar cyanide mai ƙarancin yawa, kuma yawan cyanide bayan magani bai wuce 0.5mg/L ba.

• Rashin Amfani : H₂O₂ yana da guba kuma yana lalata abubuwa, don haka jigilar sa da amfani da shi suna da haɗari. Hanyar iskar shaka tana da wahala wajen lalata SCN⁻ a cikin ruwan shara, kuma ruwan shara da aka yi wa magani har yanzu yana da guba.

Hanyar Oxidation na Ozone

Ozone yana da ƙarfin iskar oxygen mai ƙarfi sosai, tare da yuwuwar lantarki na 2.07mV, na biyu kawai ga fluorine. Yana iya sauƙaƙa ɓarna abubuwan da wasu oxidants ba za su iya bazuwa ba. Tsarin sinadarai na tsarin iskar oxygen na ozone shine cewa ozone yana amsawa da cyanide don samar da cyanate, wanda aka sanya shi da ruwa don samar da nitrogen da carbonate.

• Amfani : Yana buƙatar kayan aiki kawai don samar da iskar ozone kuma baya buƙatar siye da jigilar sinadarai. Tsarin yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi, ba tare da gurɓataccen abu na biyu ba.

• Rashin Amfani : Saboda tsadar janareto na ozone da wahalar kula da kayan aiki, akwai wasu ƙuntatawa a aikace-aikacen masana'antu. Hanyar oxidation na ozone tana cinye wutar lantarki mai yawa, don haka yana da wuya a yi amfani da shi a yankunan da ba su da isasshen wutar lantarki.

Hanyoyin Magani don Babban - Tattara Ruwan Ruwan Cyanide

Hanyar Acidification

Hanyar acidification na iya bi da mafi yawan matakan cyanide mai girma (60 × 10⁻⁶ + NaCN) da aka fitar daga masana'antu. Za a iya rage ƙaddamar da ions cyanide kyauta a cikin maganin zuwa 1 × 10⁻⁶.

• Ribobi : Yana iya ƙara yawan dawo da cyanide, sake amfani da albarkatu, kuma yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na tattalin arziki.

• Rashin Amfani : Zuba jarin da aka yi sau ɗaya ya yi yawa, kuma wasu ƙananan da matsakaitan kamfanoni ba za su iya biyan kuɗin sa ba. Aikin yana da sarkakiya, kuma har yanzu ɓangaren da aka yi wa magani yana da wahalar cika ƙa'idodin fitar da shi.

Hanyar Lalacewar Halitta

Hanyar lalata dabi'a shine hanyar tsarkakewa wanda ke lalata cyanide ta amfani da abubuwa na halitta kamar haske. Ya haɗa da tasirin cyanide volatilization, bazuwar, oxidation, lalata photochemical, biodegradation, hazo, da adsorption, wanda shine sakamakon wani hadadden tasiri mai mahimmanci na ilmin sunadarai na jiki, photochemistry, da biochemistry.

• Ribobi : Hanyar tsarkakewa ta halitta za ta iya cimma manufar cire cyanide ba tare da kayan aiki ko wasu sinadarai ba, don haka farashin yana da ƙasa sosai.

• Rashin Amfani : Tsarin yana da jinkiri sosai, kuma ruwan sharar da aka yi wa magani ba zai iya cika ƙa'idodin fitar da ruwa ba.

Biyu - Hanyar Hazo mataki

Hanya na biyu - mataki hazo hanya ce mai inganci rufaffiyar - madauki cikakke - hanyar zagayowar da aka ƙera don ƙanana da matsakaici - manyan tsire-tsire na cyanidation na zinari tare da babban - maida hankali SCN⁻ ruwan sharar gida, wanda zai iya cimma "fitarwa sifili" na ruwan sharar gida. Hanya na hazo guda biyu ya ƙunshi ƙara mai kara kuzari da isassun iskar oxygen zuwa cyanide a cikin ruwan sharar gida, sannan cire cyanide ta hanyar halayen masu zuwa akan kayan da ke ɗauke da zinari.

2Cu⁺ + 2SCN⁻→Cu₂(SCN)₂↓

Ca²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→CaSO₄↓

Pb²⁺ + SO₄²⁻→PbSO₄↓

H⁺ + CN → HCN

• Ribobi : Yana iya cire ions na ƙarfe masu nauyi a cikin maganin kuma ya cimma sake amfani da ruwan sharar gida.

• Rashin Amfani : Dole ne ruwan sama na mataki na farko ya cika. In ba haka ba, lokacin da aka ƙara alkali, cuprous rhodanate zai sake narkewa, wanda zai shafi tasirin magani. CaSO₄ mara amfani zai iya haifar da toshewar bawul.

Waɗannan su ne hanyoyin magance sharar ruwan cyanide gama gari a cikin tsire-tsire na cyanidation na zinari. Bugu da ƙari, hanyoyin cirewar cyanide na sama, rage amfani da cyanide a cikin aikin cyanidation na zinari zai iya rage zubar da ruwa na cyanide.