Bambance-bambance Tsakanin Sodium Ferrocyanide da Sodium Cyanide

A fannin ilmin sunadarai, Sodium Ferrocyanide da Sodium Cyanide wasu sinadarai ne guda biyu da, duk da raba wasu sinadarai masu hadewa, suna da halaye daban-daban. Fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambancen yana da matuƙar muhimmanci, ko a aikace-aikacen masana'antu, binciken kimiyya, ko la'akari da aminci.

Tsarin Sinadarai da Formula

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Sodium ferrocyanide yana da tsarin sinadarai Na₄Fe(CN)₆. Ya ƙunshi zarra na tsakiya (Fe) wanda aka haɗa tare da ligands shida cyanide (CN), da ions sodium (Na⁺) guda huɗu suna daidaita ma'auni mara kyau na hadadden anion [Fe (CN)₆]⁴⁻. A cikin sigar ruwan sa, yakan bayyana kamar Na₄Fe(CN)₆ · 10H₂O. Wannan hadadden haɗin gwiwar yana ba da sinadari na musamman na sodium ferrocyanide da kaddarorin jiki.

sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide, tare da dabara NaCN, shi ne mafi sauƙi na ionic fili. Ya ƙunshi ion sodium (Na⁺) da ion cyanide (CN⁻). Cyanide ion nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i ne na ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion ion)) yana da nau'i ne na nau'i na nau'i mai nau'i mai amsawa wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga abubuwan da ke cikin fili, musamman ma guba.

jiki Properties

Appearance

Sodium ferrocyanide yawanci yana fitowa a matsayin rawaya mai ƙarfi na crystalline. Launin rawaya yana da alaƙa da ferrocyanide anion. Sabanin haka, sodium cyanide yana bayyana a matsayin farin crystalline mai ƙarfi, sau da yawa a cikin nau'in granules ko foda.

solubility

Sodium ferrocyanide yana narkewa cikin ruwa, amma ba ya narkewa a cikin barasa. Idan aka narkar da shi a cikin ruwa, yakan rabu cikin ions da ke cikinsa, gami da hadaddun [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ anion. Sodium cyanide, a gefe guda, yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa kuma yana narkewa a cikin sauran abubuwan kaushi na polar kamar ethanol. Yana rarraba cikin ruwa da sauri don sakin ions sodium da ion cyanide, wanda shine muhimmin mahimmanci a cikin reactivity da guba.

Narkewa Da Tafasa

Sodium ferrocyanide ba shi da ma'anar narkewa mai kyau a ma'anar gargajiya. Lokacin da zafi, yana sharar bushewa. Misali, yana fara rasa kwayoyin ruwa a kusan 50 ° C, kuma a 81.5 ° C, ya zama rashin ruwa. Ƙarin dumama zuwa 435 ° C yana kaiwa ga bazuwar sa. Sodium cyanide yana da tabbataccen wurin narkewa na 564°C da wurin tafasar 1469°C. Waɗannan ingantattun abubuwan narkewa da wuraren tafasa su ne saboda ƙaƙƙarfan igiyoyin ionic a cikin fili.

Sinadarin Reactivity

Reactivity tare da Acids

Sodium ferrocyanide yana da ƙarfi sosai idan aka kwatanta da acid mai narkewa, wanda ba ya dumamawa. Duk da haka, idan aka fallasa shi ga acid mai narkewa, yana iya ruɓewa don samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide kyauta. Misali, a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi na acid, wannan martanin na iya faruwa: Na₄Fe(CN)₆ + 6H₂SO₄ (mai narkewa, tafasa) → 6HCN + 2FeSO₄ + 3Na₂SO₄ + 6H₂O. Sodium cyanide yana da matuƙar amsawa da acid. Ko da acid mai rauni zai iya amsawa da shi don samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide, wanda yake da guba sosai. Amsar ita ce kamar haka: NaCN + HCl → NaCl + HCN↑. Wannan babban amsawa da acid yana sa Sodium cyanide ya zama abu mai haɗari sosai idan aka kwatanta da kayan acid.

Maganganun Oxidation da Ragewa

Ana iya haɗa sinadarin sodium ferrocyanide a wasu yanayi. A gaban sinadarai masu ƙarfi na oxidizing, ana iya canza shi zuwa hadaddun ƙarfe (III) kamar ferricyanide. Misali, amsawar da aka yi da oxidant mai dacewa zai iya canza [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻ zuwa [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻. Sodium cyanide kuma zai iya shiga cikin halayen oxidation. A gaban iskar oxygen da wasu abubuwan kara kuzari, ana iya haɗa shi zuwa abubuwa marasa guba. Misali, a gaban hydrogen peroxide, martanin zai iya zama: NaCN + H₂O₂ → NaCNO + H₂O (lokacin da hydrogen peroxide yake da iyaka). Ƙarin amsawar da aka yi da yawan hydrogen peroxide zai iya canza sodium cyanate (NaCNO) zuwa sodium bi Carbon ate (NaHCO₃) da ammonia (NH₃).

Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙiri

Sodium ferrocyanide kanta wani hadadden fili ne. Zai iya ƙara mayar da martani tare da sauran ions na ƙarfe don samar da sababbin rukunin haɗin kai. Misali, lokacin da ake amsawa da gishirin ƙarfe (III), yana samar da wani launi mai zurfi - shuɗi wanda aka sani da Prussian blue, tare da tsarin sinadarai Fe₄ [Fe(CN)₆]₃. Sodium cyanide kuma na iya samar da hadaddun ions masu ƙarfe iri-iri. A cikin hakar zinari da azurfa, alal misali, ana amfani da sodium cyanide don samar da ƙarfe mai narkewa - rukunin cyanide. Zinariya (Au) yana amsawa da sodium cyanide a gaban oxygen don samar da hadadden ion [Au(CN)₂]⁻: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH.

Abin guba

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Duk da ƙunshi ligands cyanide, sodium ferrocyanide yana da ƙarancin guba. Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma sun ƙaddara cewa karɓuwar yau da kullun na sodium ferrocyanide shine 0 - 0.025 mg/kg na nauyin jiki. Dalilin rashin yawan guba shi ne cewa cyanide ligands a cikin sodium ferrocyanide suna daure sosai zuwa tsakiyar zarra na ƙarfe a cikin hadadden anion. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ba ya saurin sakin ions cyanide kyauta, waɗanda nau'in nau'in guba ne. Duk da haka, a gaban acid mai karfi ko kuma ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet, yana iya rushewa don samar da iskar hydrogen cyanide, wanda yake da guba sosai.

sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide yana daya daga cikin abubuwa masu guba da aka sani. Yana da matukar guba ga mutane da dabbobi. Lokacin da aka sha, shaka, ko shayarwa ta fata, sodium cyanide zai iya sakin ions cyanide (CN⁻) a cikin jiki. Wadannan ions cyanide zasu iya ɗaure ga ƙwayoyin ƙarfe a cikin cytochrome c oxidase, wani enzyme da ke cikin numfashi ta salula. Wannan ɗaure yana hana aikin enzyme, yana hana sel yin amfani da iskar oxygen yadda ya kamata, yana haifar da asphyxiation na salula. Ko da ƙaramin adadin, kamar 0.1 - 0.3 grams, na iya zama mai haɗari ga mutane.

Aikace-aikace

Sodium Ferrocyanide

• Masana'antar Abinci : A ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Amurka da waɗanda ke cikin Tarayyar Turai, ana amfani da sodium ferrocyanide a matsayin maganin hana caking a cikin gishirin tebur. Yana taimakawa wajen kiyaye gishirin ya yi gudu ta hanyar hana samuwar dunƙule-dunƙule. Iyakar da aka yarda da ita ta sodium ferrocyanide a cikin gishiri ya bambanta da yanki amma an tsara shi sosai don tabbatar da aminci.

• Aikace-aikacen Masana'antu : Ana amfani da shi azaman abin daidaita shafi a kan sandunan walda. A masana'antar mai, ana iya amfani da shi don cire mercaptans, waɗanda ke ɗauke da sinadarin sulfur waɗanda za su iya haifar da ƙamshi mara daɗi da matsalolin tsatsa.

• Sinadarin Sinadari : Ana iya amfani da Sodium ferrocyanide a matsayin kayan farawa wajen haɗa wasu sinadarai masu rikitarwa da launuka, kamar shuɗin Prussian.

sodium Cyanide

• Masana'antar Haƙar Ma'adinai : Ana amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide sosai wajen haƙo zinare da azurfa. A tsarin haƙo ma'adinai, ana yi wa ma'adinan zinariya da azurfa magani da sinadarin sodium cyanide mai narkewa. Zinare da azurfa suna narkewa a cikin maganin cyanide a matsayin ƙarfe - hadaddun cyanide, wanda za a iya raba su a ƙara sarrafa su don samun tsarkakkun karafa.

• Sinadarin Sinadarai : Ana amfani da shi azaman kayan farawa wajen haɗa nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban na halitta. Misali, ana iya amfani da shi don gabatar da ƙungiyar cyanide (-CN) zuwa ƙwayoyin halitta, wanda daga nan za a iya ƙara canza shi zuwa wasu ƙungiyoyi masu aiki kamar carboxylic acid, amines, ko aldehydes ta hanyar halayen da ke biyo baya.

• Electroplating : A cikin hanyoyin electroplating, ana iya amfani da sodium cyanide a matsayin wakili mai rikitarwa. Yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa ajiyar ions na ƙarfe akan substrate, yana tabbatar da santsi da daidaiton plating. Duk da haka, saboda yawan gubarsa, ana ƙara haɓaka hanyoyin electroplating na wasu waɗanda ba cyanide ba.

Aminci da Kulawa

Sodium Ferrocyanide

Lokacin sarrafa sodium ferrocyanide, daidaitaccen dakin gwaje-gwaje ko hanyoyin amincin masana'antu ya kamata a bi. Ya kamata ma'aikata su sa kayan kariya masu dacewa, kamar safar hannu da gilashin tsaro. Ko da yake yana da ƙarancin guba a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada, ya kamata a adana shi a wuri mai sanyi, bushewa daga acid da tushen hasken ultraviolet don hana samuwar iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba. Idan aka yi hatsari ga fata ko idanu, sai a wanke wurin da abin ya shafa da ruwa sosai, sannan a nemi kulawar likita idan har haushi ya ci gaba.

sodium Cyanide

Karɓar sodium cyanide yana buƙatar tsauraran matakan tsaro. An lasafta shi azaman abu mai guba sosai, kuma ana sarrafa ma'ajiyar sa, sufuri, da amfani da shi. Dole ne ma'aikata su sa tufafin kariya na musamman, gami da na'urar numfashi mai ɗauke da kai, sinadarai - kwat da wando, da safar hannu. Sodium cyanide ya kamata a adana shi a cikin amintacce, mai kyau - wuri mai iska mai nisa daga acid, abubuwan da ke haifar da iskar oxygen, da tushen zafi. Idan akwai zubewa ko saki, gaggawar ƙaura daga wurin ya zama dole, kuma a kira ƙungiyoyin bayar da agajin gaggawa. Hanyoyi na musamman, kamar yin amfani da hydrogen peroxide don kawar da sodium cyanide a yanayin zube, ya kamata a bi don rage haɗarin kamuwa da iskar hydrogen cyanide mai guba.

A ƙarshe, sodium ferrocyanide da sodium cyanide, yayin da dukansu suna ɗauke da abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da cyanide, suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a tsarin sinadarai, kayan jiki da na sinadarai, matakan guba, aikace-aikace, da bukatun aminci. Ingantacciyar fahimta da sarrafa waɗannan mahadi suna da mahimmanci a fannoni daban-daban don tabbatar da aminci da ingantaccen amfani.