Rage Amfanin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Leaching Concentrate Leaching

Gabatarwa

A masana'antar haƙar zinare, ana amfani da tsarin cyanidation sosai don cire zinare daga sinadarin zinare . Sodium cyanide yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tsari yayin da yake amsawa da zinare don samar da hadaddun cyanide na zinare mai narkewa, wanda za'a iya ƙara sarrafa shi don dawo da zinare. Duk da haka, yawan shan sodium cyanide ba wai kawai yana ƙara farashin samarwa ba, har ma yana haifar da damuwa mai mahimmanci game da muhalli saboda gubar cyanide. Saboda haka, gano hanyoyin da suka dace don rage amfani da Sodium Cyanide a cikin tsarin cire zinare yana da matuƙar mahimmanci ga dalilai na tattalin arziki da muhalli.

Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Amfanin Sodium Cyanide

Ma'adinai na Zinariya Tattaunawa

Haɗaɗɗen sinadarin zinare yana da tasiri sosai ga yawan amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide . Ma'adanai kamar su pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, da sauran ma'adanai na sulfide na iya yin aiki da cyanide da oxygen yayin fitar da sinadarin. Misali, ana iya haɗa pyrite da oxygen a gaban iskar oxygen da cyanide, wanda ke haifar da samuwar nau'ikan hadaddun ƙarfe-cyanide da kuma shan cyanide a cikin wannan tsari. Bugu da ƙari, ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe kuma na iya haifar da yawan shan cyanide. Tagulla yana samar da hadaddun cyanide masu ƙarfi, kuma idan akwai babban abun ciki na jan ƙarfe a cikin maganin fitar da sinadarin, ana buƙatar ƙara yawan sinadarin sodium cyanide don ci gaba da aikin fitar da sinadarin zinare, wanda hakan ke ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide.

Yanayin Leaching

pH Darajar

pH na leaching slurry abu ne mai mahimmanci. Cyanide yana samuwa a cikin nau'i daban-daban a matakan pH daban-daban. A ƙananan pH, cyanide zai iya yin hydrolyze don samar da hydrogen cyanide, wani abu mai sauƙi kuma mai cutarwa. Don hana wannan, ana kiyaye pH na tsarin leaching yawanci, yawanci kusan 10 - 11.5. Amma babban pH mai girma zai iya yin mummunan tasiri akan tsarin leaching, kamar rage ayyukan wasu enzymes ko haifar da hazo na ions karfe, wanda zai iya tasiri tasirin leaching da ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide.

Aeration da Oxygen Supply

Isasshen iskar oxygen yana da mahimmanci ga oxidation na zinari da kuma samar da hadaddun gwal-cyanide. Rashin isashshen iska ko ƙarancin iskar oxygen na iya rage jinkirin aikin leaching, yana haifar da haɓakar rashin cikawa da yuwuwar tilasta ƙara ƙarin cyanide don cimma kyakkyawan sakamako. A daya hannun, wuce kima aeration na iya haifar da rashin amfani da iskar shaka na sauran ma'adanai a cikin mayar da hankali, da kuma kara up cyanide amfani.

Dabarun Rage Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

Pretreatment na Zinare Concentrate

Maganin Oxidative

Hanyoyin gyaran gyare-gyare na Oxidative na iya kawar da ko gyara ma'adinan cyanide masu cinyewa a cikin tarin zinariya. Roasting wata hanya ce ta gama gari, inda dumama abin da aka tattara a gaban oxygen oxidizes ma'adinan sulfide kuma yana canza ma'adinan da ke ɗauke da baƙin ƙarfe zuwa mafi kwanciyar hankali, yana rage amsawarsu tare da cyanide yayin leaching na gaba. Duk da haka, gasasshen yana da koma baya kamar yawan amfani da makamashi da yuwuwar gurɓatar muhalli. Bio-oxidation, ta yin amfani da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta irin su Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, shine mafi sauƙi, mafi ƙarfin kuzari, kuma madadin yanayin yanayi. Yana zaɓin oxidizes ma'adinan sulfide, yadda ya kamata yana cire waɗanda ke cinye cyanide da rage buƙatar sodium cyanide a cikin leaching.

Yawo don Cire Tagulla

Lokacin da zinari ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ma'adanai na jan karfe, ana iya amfani da tuwo a matsayin matakin farko. Ta hanyar raba ma'adinan jan karfe daga juzu'in da ke ɗauke da zinari, yana rage yawan amfani da cyanide da ke haifar da hadaddun samuwar jan ƙarfe-cyanide. Sauran abubuwan da suka rage mai arzikin zinare na iya shan leaching na cyanide tare da ƙaramin adadin sodium cyanide.

Inganta Yanayin Leaching

Sarrafa pH

Kula da pH mai dacewa da kwanciyar hankali yana da mahimmanci. Ana yawan amfani da lemun tsami don daidaita pH na leaching slurry. Ba wai kawai yana tayar da pH don hana cyanide hydrolysis ba amma yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan amfani da cyanide ta hanyar yin tasiri ga yawan leaching na jan karfe da kuma hana samuwar wasu mahadi masu cin cyanide. Duk da haka, dole ne a sarrafa adadin lemun tsami a hankali, kamar yadda yawan lemun tsami zai iya haifar da hazo na ion ƙarfe masu amfani ko ƙara danko slurry, hana yaduwar reactant. Binciken gwaji ya nuna cewa ƙara kusan 1 - 2 kg / t na lemun tsami don daidaita pH zuwa kusan 10.5 - 11.5 sau da yawa yana samun sakamako mai kyau wajen rage yawan amfani da cyanide yayin da ake ci gaba da haɓaka ƙimar zinare.

Inganta iska

Don tabbatar da ingantaccen leaching na gwal tare da ƙarancin sodium cyanide, ƙimar iska yana buƙatar haɓakawa. Yawancin tsire-tsire na cyanidation na zinari suna amfani da ƙarancin matsi, damfarar iska mara mai don isar da iska. Dabaru kamar shigar da ƙaramin rami a ƙarshen bututun samar da iska don ƙirƙirar ƙananan kumfa masu tsayi da yawa na iya ƙara wurin hulɗa tsakanin iskar oxygen da slurry na leaching, haɓaka ingantaccen iskar oxygenation na zinari da rage yawan amfani da cyanide mara amfani. Shigar da bawul ɗin dubawa don hana dawowar iska shima yana daidaita tsarin iska. Daidaita yawan iska bisa ga halayen tattarawa da yanayin leaching yana taimakawa kiyaye mafi kyawun iskar oxygen a cikin slurry, haɓaka leaching na zinari da yanke amfani da cyanide.

Amfani da Additives

Abubuwan Abubuwan Da Yake Da Jagoranci

Ƙara abubuwan da suka dogara da gubar, irin su gubar nitrate, kafin leaching cyanide zai iya rage yawan amfani da sodium cyanide. Ions na gubar suna amsawa tare da ƙazanta kamar sulfide ions a cikin tarin zinari don samar da hazo maras narkewa, yana rage tsangwama a cikin aikin leaching da cinyewar cyanide. Alal misali, a cikin leaching zinariya ores tare da high sulfide ma'adinai abun ciki, ƙara 300 - 600 g / t na gubar nitrate tare da alkali pretreatment na 2 - 3 hours zai iya rage sodium cyanide amfani daga 2500 - 3000 g / t zuwa 1200 - 1500 g / t da kuma ƙara zinariya leaching 2% ta 4%.

Madadin Lixiviants ko Additives

Ana iya amfani da wasu madadin lixiviants ko ƙari tare da cyanide don rage yawan amfani da cyanide. Glycine, wanda ba mai guba ba ne, mai sake yin amfani da shi, da amino acid mai lalacewa, ɗaya ne irin wannan zaɓi. A wasu lokuta, fasahar leaching na tushen glycine ta sami raguwar cyanide mai mahimmanci yayin da ake kiyaye adadin dawo da gwal kamar hanyoyin cyanidation na gargajiya. Ƙara takamaiman surfactants kuma na iya inganta wettability na gwal barbashi da kuma yada reactants a cikin leaching slurry, yuwuwar taimaka wajen rage sodium cyanide amfani zuwa wani matsayi.

Kammalawa

Rage amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide a cikin tsarin tattara sinadarin zinare aiki ne mai sarkakiya amma mai matuƙar muhimmanci. Ta hanyar fahimtar abubuwan da ke tasiri ga amfani da sinadarin cyanide da kuma aiwatar da dabarun kamar kafin a yi masa magani, inganta yanayin fitar da sinadarin, da kuma amfani da ƙarin sinadarai, za a iya cimma raguwa mai yawa a amfani da sinadarin sodium cyanide. Wannan yana amfanar da kamfanonin hakar zinare ta hanyar rage farashin samarwa kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage haɗarin muhalli da ke tattare da amfani da sinadarin cyanide. Ana sa ran ci gaba da bincike da kirkire-kirkire a wannan fanni zai samar da ingantattun hanyoyin fitar da zinare masu kyau da kuma masu kyau ga muhalli a nan gaba.