Tasirin Leaching Tsawon Zazzabi akan Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

Gabatarwa

a cikin Hakar Zinariya aiwatar, sodium Cyanide Ana amfani da shi sosai azaman wakili na leaching saboda ikonsa na samar da barga masu ƙarfi tare da zinare. Duk da haka, amfani da sodium cyanide wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ke tasiri tasirin tattalin arziki da tasirin muhalli na ayyukan hakar gwal. Leaching mai zafi yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani da su don haɓaka ingancin leaching na zinari daga ma'adinai. Wannan labarin yana zurfafa cikin tasirin tasirin zafi mai ƙarfi akan yawan amfani da shi Sodium cyanide.

Matsayin Sodium Cyanide a cikin Leaching na Zinariya

sodium cyanide yana amsawa da zinari a gaban iskar oxygen don samar da mahadi masu narkewa waɗanda ke ba da damar fitar da zinari daga ma'adanin. Lissafin lantarki sun nuna cewa a ka'idar, ana buƙatar gram 0.92 na sodium cyanide don narkar da gram 1 na zinariya. Duk da haka, a cikin samar da masana'antu na ainihi, yawan amfani da sodium cyanide ya fi wannan ƙimar ka'idar, sau da yawa sau 50 - 100. Wannan babban bambance-bambancen ya samo asali ne saboda dalilai daban-daban da ke faruwa a yanayin haƙar ma'adinai na duniya, kamar halayen da wasu ma'adanai a cikin ma'adinai da tsarin sinadarai waɗanda ke faruwa yayin aikin leaching.

Tsarin Leaching High - Zazzabi

Ana aiwatar da leaching mai girma a yanayin zafi mai tsayi, yawanci sama da yanayin yanayi na yau da kullun. Babban makasudin shine ƙara yawan ayyukan ions a cikin ma'adinan ma'adinai - leaching mafita tsarin. Ta yin haka, yana hanzarta amsawa tsakanin wakili na leaching, sodium cyanide, da zinariyar da ke cikin ma'adinai. Misali, a cikin wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan zinare masu jujjuyawar, yawan zafin jiki na iya rushe hadadden tsarin ma'adinan da ke tattare da zinare, wanda hakan zai sa zinarin ya fi dacewa da ion cyanide don hakar su.

Tasirin Babban - Leaching Zazzabi akan Amfani da Sodium Cyanide

1. Haɓaka a Matsayin Maimaitawa

A yanayin zafi mafi girma, ƙarfin motsa jiki na ƙwayoyin mai amsawa yana ƙaruwa. Wannan yana haifar da haɗuwa da yawa da kuzari tsakanin ƙwayoyin sodium cyanide, kwayoyin oxygen, da barbashi na zinariya a cikin ma'adinai. Sakamakon haka, ƙimar da zinare ke narkewa a cikin maganin sodium cyanide yana ƙaruwa. Lokacin da ƙimar amsa ta yi sauri, ƙarin zinariya za a iya narkar da kowane lokaci naúrar. Idan makasudin shine fitar da takamaiman adadin gwal, babban zafin jiki na iya buƙatar ɗan gajeren lokacin leaching. A ka'idar, wannan na iya yuwuwar rage yawan amfani da sodium cyanide tun lokacin da aikin leaching ya ƙare da sauri, yana rage lokacin da sodium cyanide ke fallasa abubuwan da ke haifar da amfani.

2. Cyanide Hydrolysis

Cyanide yana jurewa tsarin sinadarai da ake kira hydrolysis a cikin bayani, kuma girman wannan hydrolysis yana rinjayar yanayin zafi. Yayin da zafin jiki ya tashi, hydrolysis na cyanide ya zama mafi girma. A 100 ° C, rabin ions na cyanide sun ɓace, kuma a 130 ° C, 85% na su sun ɓace. Wannan hydrolysis yana haifar da hydrocyanic acid, wanda ba wai kawai yana haifar da asarar sodium cyanide ba amma kuma yana haifar da mummunar haɗari na muhalli da aminci saboda hydrocyanic acid iskar gas mai guba ne. A cikin matsanancin zafin jiki, idan ba a sarrafa zafin jiki da kyau ba, haɓakar hydrolysis na sodium cyanide na iya haɓaka yawan amfani da shi.

3. Ma'amala tare da Associated Minerals

Yawancin ma'adanai na zinariya sun ƙunshi wasu ma'adanai, irin su pyrite, pyrrhotite, da jan karfe sulfide. Wadannan ma'adanai masu alaƙa zasu iya amsawa da sodium cyanide. A yanayin zafi mafi girma, ƙimar amsawa tsakanin waɗannan ma'adanai waɗanda ba na zinariya ba da sodium cyanide na iya ƙaruwa. Wannan yana nufin cewa za a yi amfani da ƙarin sodium cyanide a cikin halayen da waɗannan ma'adanai, da barin ƙasa da samuwa don amsawa da zinariya. Bugu da ƙari, wasu daga cikin waɗannan halayen na iya haifar da - samfurori waɗanda za su iya ƙara tsoma baki tare da aikin leaching na zinariya. Alal misali, sulfur - wanda ya ƙunshi mahadi da aka kafa zai iya rufe saman gwal na gwal, yana hana ions cyanide kai da amsa tare da zinariya.

4. Solubility na Oxygen

Oxygen abu ne mai mahimmanci a cikin gwal-cyanide leaching dauki yayin da yake aiki azaman oxidant. Koyaya, solubility na iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa yana raguwa yayin da yawan zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa. A 100 ° C, babu iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa. A cikin matsanancin zafin jiki, idan zafin jiki ya kusanci wurin tafasar ruwa, rashin isassun iskar oxygen na iya iyakance iskar oxygenation na zinari. Don gyara don rage narkewar iskar oxygen, ƙarin matakan kamar ƙara ƙarfin juzu'i na iskar oxygen ko amfani da madadin oxidants na iya zama dole. Amma idan wadataccen iskar oxygen bai isa ba, halayen leaching na zinare zai ragu, kuma ana iya cinye ƙarin sodium cyanide a ƙoƙarin fitar da martanin gaba.

Case Nazarin

A cikin wani ma'adinin zinare, ɗakin gargajiya - tsarin leaching na cyanide zafin jiki ya cinye kilogiram 2.5 na sodium cyanide kowace tan na tama. Lokacin da aka gabatar da babban tsarin leaching na zafin jiki, da farko, saboda haɓakar gwal - leaching dauki, an rage lokacin leaching daga sa'o'i 48 zuwa sa'o'i 24. Duk da haka, saboda rashin kula da zafin jiki mara kyau, tare da zafin jiki na leaching ya kai 80 ° C, hydrolysis na sodium cyanide ya karu sosai. A sakamakon haka, amfani da sodium cyanide a zahiri ya tashi zuwa 3.0 kg kowace ton na tama. Bayan inganta babban tsarin leaching na zafin jiki, gami da sarrafa daidaitaccen zafin jiki a kusan 60 ° C da ƙara masu hanawa don rage cyanide hydrolysis, Amfanin Sodium Cyanide an rage shi zuwa kilogiram 2.0 a kowace tan na tama yayin da ake ci gaba da samun babban adadin leaching na zinari.

Kammalawa

High - zafin jiki leaching yana da hadaddun tasiri a kan amfani da sodium cyanide a cikin aikin hakar zinariya. A gefe ɗaya, yana iya haɓaka halayen zinare - leaching, mai yuwuwar rage yawan amfani da sodium cyanide lokacin da tsari ya yi kyau. A gefe guda kuma, yanayin zafi mai zafi na iya haifar da haɓakar cyanide hydrolysis, ƙarin halayen haɗari tare da ma'adanai masu alaƙa, da rage yawan oxygen solubility, duk abin da zai iya haifar da amfani da sodium cyanide mafi girma. Sabili da haka, lokacin amfani da leaching high-zazzabi, yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka sigogin tsari, kamar daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki, isar da iskar oxygen da ta dace, da amfani da ƙari don hana cyanide hydrolysis da halayen da ba a so tare da ma'adanai masu alaƙa. Wannan hanya za ta iya taimakawa wajen daidaita daidaito tsakanin inganta aikin leaching na zinari da rage yawan amfani da sodium cyanide, haɓaka ayyukan tattalin arziki da muhalli na ayyukan hakar gwal.