Kodi zofunika kwambiri ziyenera kutsatiridwa bwanji ponyamula sodium cyanide?

Sodium cyanide ndi zofunika zofunika mankhwala zopangira, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri monga migodi, electroplating, ndi kupanga mankhwala. Komabe, chifukwa cha kawopsedwe kake kwambiri, kutayikira kulikonse kapena kusagwira bwino nthawi thiransipoti zingawononge kwambiri thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Choncho, mayendedwe a Sodium Cyanide ayenera kutsatira zofunika kwambiri.

1. Kutsata Kovomerezeka

1.1 Ndondomeko Yazamalamulo

M'maiko ambiri, kunyamula sodium cyanide kumayendetsedwa mosamala ndi malamulo ndi malangizo oyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, Dipatimenti Yoyendetsa (DOT) ili ndi malamulo atsatanetsatane mu Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Mutu 49. Malamulowa akuphatikizapo zinthu monga kulongedza, kulemba zilembo, kulemba zikwangwani, ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito zoyendera. Ku China, "Malamulo Okhudza Kusamalira Chitetezo cha Mankhwala Oopsa" amafotokoza momveka bwino zofunikira pakuwongolera chitetezo poyendetsa mankhwala oopsa kwambiri monga Sodium cyanide . Otumiza kunja amafunika kupeza zilolezo zotumizira kunja mankhwala olamulidwa kuchokera kwa akuluakulu adziko asanatumize kunja, ndipo satifiketi yogwiritsira ntchito imafunika kuti mupeze chilolezo chotumizira kunja.

1.2 Zilolezo ndi Zilolezo

Makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe amayenera kupeza zilolezo ndi ziphaso zenizeni zonyamula sodium cyanide. Zilolezozi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi madipatimenti aboma oyenerera pambuyo powunikiranso mwatsatanetsatane kasamalidwe ka chitetezo cha kampani, zida zamayendedwe, ndi ziyeneretso za ogwira nawo ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ponyamula katundu woopsa ku European Union, makampani akuyenera kutsatira malamulo a ADR (European Agreement concerning International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road) ndikupeza ziphaso zofunikira za ADR.

2. Kuyika ndi Kulemba zilembo

2.1 Zida Zoyikira

• Sodium Cyanide Yolimba : Sodium cyanide yolimba nthawi zambiri imanyamulidwa m'madiramu achitsulo okhala ndi kulemera kokwana 50 kg. Madiramu awa ali ndi matumba amkati a PE kuti asatayike. Mabokosi a plywood okhala ndi kulemera kokwana 1000 kg, okhala ndi matumba amkati a PE ndi PP opangidwa ndi laminated, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri. Zipangizo zopakira ziyenera kukhala zolimba komanso zolimba kuti zipirire kugwedezeka kwabwinobwino komanso kunyamulidwa.

• Njira Yothetsera Sodium Cyanide : Sodium cyanide yamadzi nthawi zambiri imanyamulidwa mu makina "othina - odzaza" (otsekedwa - loop). Pamayendedwe a sitima, imayikidwa kapena kutsitsidwa m'magalimoto a sitima kudzera m'mapayipi a mankhwala kapena m'manja odzaza ndi PTFE. Magalimoto a matanki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula yankho la sodium cyanide ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za DOT, monga MC 307 kapena zotengera za ISO za mankhwala otsika mphamvu. Ma trailer onse ayenera kukhala ndi ma valve ochepetsa kupanikizika, ndipo omwe ali ndi malo otulukira pansi ayenera kukhala ndi ma valve oletsa kupanikizika olamulidwa ndi kutali.

2.2 Kulemba ndi Kulemba

• Zolemba Zochenjeza : Mapaketi onse okhala ndi sodium cyanide ayenera kukhala ndi zilembo zochenjeza momveka bwino. Zolemba izi ziyenera kusonyeza dzina la mankhwalawo, mtundu wake wa poizoni, ndi machenjezo ofunikira okhudza zoopsa, monga "Poison," "Toxic by Inhalation," ndi "Danger: Can Cause Death." Zolembazo ziyenera kukhala m'chinenero chomwe chimamveka mosavuta m'dera loyendera.

• Mapepala : Magalimoto onyamula sodium cyanide ayenera kuwonetsa mapepala oyenera mbali zonse zinayi. Mapepala awa ndi akuluakulu, okhala ngati diamondi omwe amawonetsa bwino mtundu wa katundu woopsa. Pa sodium cyanide, pepalali nthawi zambiri limasonyeza nambala ya UN (UN1689 ya sodium cyanide yolimba ndi UN3414 ya yankho la sodium cyanide), gulu (Kalasi 6.1. yoyimira zinthu zapoizoni), ndi chizindikiro choyenera cha zoopsa.

3. Zida Zoyendera ndi Zofunikira

3.1 Zofunikira zamagalimoto

• Mayendedwe a Sitima : Sodium cyanide nthawi zambiri imatumizidwa mu magalimoto a thanki okwana magaloni 26.000 DOT - 111 okhala ndi insulation kapena osatetezedwa okhala ndi ma valve oteteza. Magalimoto a sitima ali ndi mainchesi akunja pafupifupi mamita 9 ndipo kutalika konse ndi mamita 45 - 55, okhala ndi malo otseguka pakati a 6' x 6' kapena malo otseguka a bokosi logundana. Magalimoto a thanki ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti awone ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za dzimbiri, kutayikira, kapena kuwonongeka.

• Mayendedwe a Mumsewu : Magalimoto a matanki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula sodium cyanide ayenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yachitetezo. Ayenera kukhala ndi zida zotetezera monga ma valve otsekedwa mwadzidzidzi, ma pressure gauge, ndi chitetezo choletsa kugwedezeka. Magalimoto ayeneranso kukhala ndi njira yodalirika yoyendetsera mabuleki ndikusamalidwa bwino kuti atsimikizire kuti mayendedwe awo ndi otetezeka pamsewu.

• Kuyendera Ndege : Ponyamula sodium cyanide pandege, pamafunika kusamala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati matani 25.7 a cyanide amafunika kunyamulidwa kuchokera ku Xi'an kupita ku Mongolia, wonyamulayo adatenga njira zingapo zotetezera. Katunduyo adapakidwa mu "thumba lotsekedwa mkati mwa paketi + phukusi lakunja la ng'oma yachitsulo". Ma ng'oma achitsulo odzazidwa ndi sodium cyanide adakhazikika mwamphamvu pa thireyi yonyamula mpweya kuti asagunde ndi kuyenda paulendo. Nthawi zambiri ndege zimapatsa ogwira ntchito odziwa bwino ntchito paulendo wapadera woterewu.

3.2 Mikhalidwe Yachilengedwe

• Kulamulira Kutentha ndi Chinyezi : Sodium cyanide iyenera kunyamulidwa pamalo omwe amapewa kutentha kwambiri ndi chinyezi. Kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha zotsatira za mankhwala, ndipo chinyezi chingapangitse sodium cyanide yolimba kuyamwa chinyezi ndikutulutsa mpweya woopsa wa hydrogen cyanide. Magalimoto ndi malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zoyenera zowongolera kutentha ndi chinyezi ngati pakufunika kutero.

• Kupewa Kugwedezeka ndi Kugwedezeka : Paulendo, galimoto iyenera kupewa kugwedezeka kwambiri ndi kugwedezeka. Kuyendetsa movutikira, monga kutseka mwadzidzidzi komanso kutembenuka mwamphamvu, kungayambitse kuti mapaketi agunde ndikuwononga phukusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti litayike. Chifukwa chake, oyendetsa galimoto ayenera kuphunzitsidwa kuyendetsa bwino ndikupewa zochitika zotere.

4. Maphunziro a Ogwira Ntchito ndi Njira Zachitetezo

4.1 Zofunikira pa Maphunziro

• Maphunziro Odziwitsa Anthu Onse : Ogwira ntchito onse omwe akugwira ntchito yonyamula sodium cyanide, kuphatikizapo oyendetsa galimoto, ma loaders, ndi oyang'anira, ayenera kulandira maphunziro odziwitsa anthu onse za zinthu zoopsa. Maphunzirowa akuphatikizapo kudziwa za makhalidwe a sodium cyanide, zoopsa zomwe zingachitike, ndi njira zoyambira zotetezera zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa.

• Maphunziro Ofunika : Ogwira ntchito ayeneranso kulandira maphunziro apadera okhudzana ndi ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, oyendetsa galimoto ayenera kudziwa momwe angachitire zinthu pa nthawi ya ngozi yadzidzidzi, monga kutayikira kwa galimoto kapena ngozi ya galimoto. Onyamula katundu ayenera kuphunzitsidwa njira zoyenera zokwezera ndi kutsitsa katundu kuti atsimikizire kuti katunduyo ndi iwowo ndi otetezeka.

• Maphunziro Obwerezabwereza : Maphunziro obwerezabwereza ndi ofunikira kuti chidziwitso ndi luso la ogwira ntchito likhale lamakono. Izi zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi zonse amadziwa malamulo aposachedwa achitetezo komanso njira zabwino zonyamulira sodium cyanide.

4.2 Njira Zachitetezo

• Zipangizo Zodzitetezera Payekha (PPE) : Pogwira ntchito ndi sodium cyanide, antchito onse ayenera kuvala PPE yoyenera. Izi zikuphatikizapo magolovesi a rabara, ma apuloni, nsapato, magalasi a maso, ndi zophimba fumbi kapena zophimba mpweya. PPE imathandiza kupewa kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi mankhwala ndi kupumira kwa utsi wake woopsa.

• Mpweya wopumira : Malo opakira ndi kutsitsa katundu, komanso mkati mwa magalimoto onyamula katundu, ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wopumira bwino. Mpweya wabwino wopumira ukhoza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa mumlengalenga ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha anthu opumira mpweya. M'malo omwe sodium cyanide imayendetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, zida zopumira zamagetsi ziyenera kuyikidwa.

• Ndondomeko Zothandizira Padzidzidzi : Makampani oyendetsa mayendedwe ayenera kukhala ndi mapulani ofotokoza bwino za momwe zinthu zidzachitikire padzidzidzi. Ndondomekozi ziyenera kufotokoza njira zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ngati zinthu zitatayikira, zitatayikira, kapena pazidzidzidzi zina. Ndondomekozi ziyenera kuphatikizapo zambiri zolumikizirana ndi mabungwe othandiza pazidzidzidzi, monga madipatimenti ozimitsa moto am'deralo, mabungwe oteteza chilengedwe, ndi malo owongolera poizoni.

5. Kuyankha Mwadzidzidzi ndi Kuwongolera Kutayika

5.1 Dongosolo Loyankhira Mwadzidzidzi

• Njira Zokonzedweratu : Ngati ngozi kapena kutayikira kwa sodium cyanide, dongosolo lokonzekera ladzidzidzi liyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo. Dongosololi liyenera kufotokoza njira zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti ateteze miyoyo ya anthu, kupewa kufalikira kwa kutayikirako, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, liyenera kufotokoza momwe angatulutsire malo ozungulira, momwe angaletsere kutayikirako, komanso momwe angachepetsere kutayikira kwa sodium cyanide.

• Kulankhulana : Kulankhulana momveka bwino komanso kogwira mtima n'kofunika kwambiri panthawi yadzidzidzi. Kampani yoyendetsa mayendedwe iyenera kudziwitsa nthawi yomweyo mabungwe othandizira anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi ngozi, komanso akuluakulu oyang'anira milandu. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zolumikizirana ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi madera ozungulira kuti zidziwitse za vutoli komanso njira zilizonse zofunikira zothawira kapena chitetezo.

5.2 Kuwongolera Kutaya

• Kusunga : Pamene kutayikira kwachitika, gawo loyamba ndikusunga sodium cyanide kuti isafalikire. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyamwitsa, monga mchenga kapena ma boom apadera owongolera kutayikira. Malo ozungulira kutayikirako ayenera kutsekedwa kuti asalowe m'malo osaloledwa.

• Kuletsa : Madzi a hydrogen cyanide (opangidwa pamene sodium cyanide ikugwirizana ndi madzi) ndi sodium cyanide yotsala iyenera kuchotsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, zinthu zamphamvu zoteteza monga hydrogen peroxide kapena sodium thiosulfate zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Njira yoletsa iyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri ophunzitsidwa bwino potsatira njira zodzitetezera.

• Kuyeretsa ndi Kutaya : Pambuyo pochotsa zinthu zodetsedwa, zinthu zodetsedwa, kuphatikizapo zinthu zoyamwa ndi dothi lililonse kapena madzi omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutaya kwa madzi, ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndikutayidwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kunyamula zinthuzo kupita kumalo otayira zinyalala zoopsa kuti akagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino.

Pomaliza, kunyamula sodium cyanide ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri komanso yotetezeka. Potsatira mosamalitsa zofunikira zonse zokhudzana ndi Kutsatira Malamulo , kulongedza, zida zoyendera, maphunziro a ogwira ntchito, komanso kuyankha mwadzidzidzi, zoopsa zokhudzana ndi kunyamula mankhwala oopsa kwambiriwa zitha kuchepetsedwa bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti anthu ndi chilengedwe zili otetezeka.