Ma Reagent 20 Ofunika Kwambiri Pakukonza Mchere

Kukonza mchere kumaphatikizapo njira zitatu: kutsuka, kuphwanya, ndi kupatsa mphamvu. Panthawi yoika zitsulo zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku miyala ya polymetallic yotsika mtengo kupita ku zinthu zapamwamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zosonkhanitsa, zotulutsa, zoletsa, ndi zotulutsa ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Zambiri mwa izi ndi zinthu zoopsa komanso zovulaza, monga cyanides , arsenides, chromates, alkyl xanthates osiyanasiyana, ma phenols osinthidwa, anilines, pyridines, hydro Carbon s, alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ndi zina zotero. Zinthuzi zimatha kulowa m'chilengedwe kudzera mu kutulutsa madzi otayira a mineral processing kapena kudzera m'madziwe a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuipitsidwa kwachiwiri ndikuwononga kwambiri chilengedwe. Zinthu zopangira mchere makamaka zimatanthauza zosonkhanitsa, zotulutsa, zoletsa, zotulutsa, zosinthira, komanso zotulutsa, zotulutsa matrix improvers, ndi zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydrometallurgy, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mazana a zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangidwa ndi inorganic kapena organic.

Ndi Zinthu Ziti Zofunika Kwambiri Pakukonza Mchere?

Pakati pa zinthu 68 zoipitsa zomwe zili pamndandanda wakuda wazinthu zoipitsa ku China, pali zinthu 24 zoyeretsera mchere zomwe zikuphatikizidwa (kuphatikiza arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, MERCURY , nickel, thallium, copper, lead, ndi zinthu zake). Zinthu zomwe zimawononga chilengedwe ndi monga Cyanides , hydrogen sulfide, phosphine, fluorides, arsenides, chromates, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, carbon disulfide, sulfites, alkyl xanthates osiyanasiyana, organophosphorus compounds, fatty alcohols, anilines, pyridines, hydrocarbons, alkenes, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ndi zinthu zina zambiri. Tasankha zinthu 20 zofunika kwambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Tiyeni tiwone!

Sodium Ethyl Xanthate

• Fomula ya Maselo: C2H5OCSSNa

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa wachikasu wopepuka (kapena granule) wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, wosungunuka m'madzi, mowa, ndi zina zotero, wokhoza kupanga zinthu zosasungunuka ndi ayoni achitsulo monga cobalt, mkuwa, ndi nickel.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium ethyl xanthate ndi chinthu chosonkhanitsira chomwe chimasankhidwa bwino pakati pa zinthu za xanthate. Chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri poyendetsa bwino zitsulo zosapanga chitsulo zomwe zimayandama mosavuta kapena zovuta. Chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito limodzi ndi zinthu za sulfide poyendetsa bwino zitsulo zamkuwa ndi lead oxide. Chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chothandizira pakugwa kwa hydrometallurgy (monga kuyeretsa zinc electrolyte) komanso ngati cholimbikitsira vulcanization mu rabara.

Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (CH3)2CHOCSSNa

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa wachikasu pang'ono (kapena granule) wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, wosungunuka m'madzi.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium isopropyl xanthate ili ndi mphamvu yosonkhanitsira zinthu zolimba pang'ono poyatsa zitsulo zopanda chitsulo kuposa sodium ethyl xanthate. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chosonkhanitsira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopanda chitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndipo ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chothandizira mvula mu hydrometallurgy; imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati cholimbikitsira vulcanization mu rabara.

Sodium Butyl Xanthate (potaziyamu)

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: C4H9OCSSNa(K)

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa wachikasu kapena imvi-yoyera (kapena granule) wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, wosungunuka m'madzi ndi mowa, wokhoza kupanga zinthu zosasungunuka ndi ma ayoni osiyanasiyana achitsulo.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium butyl xanthate (potaziyamu) ndi chinthu chosonkhanitsira zinthu chomwe chili ndi mphamvu zoyandama ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyandama mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Chogwirizira ichi ndi choyenera kwambiri poyandama kwa chalcopyrite, sphalerite, ndi pyrite. Pazifukwa zinazake, chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyandama kwa sulfide mkuwa kuchokera ku zitsulo za iron sulfide.

Sodium Isobutyl Xanthate (potaziyamu)

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (CH3)2CHCH2OCSSNa(K)

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa wachikasu wopepuka (kapena granule) wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, wosungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, wokhoza kupanga zinthu zosasungunuka ndi ma ayoni osiyanasiyana achitsulo.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium isobutyl xanthate (potaziyamu) ndi chinthu chosonkhanitsira champhamvu kwambiri pakuyandama kwa miyala yosiyanasiyana yachitsulo yopanda chitsulo. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuyandama kwa miyala ya mkuwa, lead, ndi zinc sulfide, ndipo yawonetsa kuti imagwira ntchito bwino pakuyandama kwa miyala yosiyanasiyana ya mkuwa ndi pyrite mwachilengedwe.

Sodium Isopentyl Xanthate

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OCSSNa

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa wachikasu wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, wosungunuka m'madzi.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium isopentyl xanthate ndi chosonkhanitsa champhamvu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyangata zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yosonkhanitsa koma osati kusankha. Mwachitsanzo, ndi chosonkhanitsa chabwino kwambiri cha ores a sulfide oxidized kapena ores a mkuwa ndi lead oxidized (mutatha kuyika sulfide ndi sodium sulfide kapena sodium hydrosulfide). Chosakaniza ichi chingathenso kulekanitsa bwino poyangata za ores a mkuwa-nickel sulfide ndi pyrite yokhala ndi golide.

Sodium Pentyl Xanthate (potaziyamu)

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: C5H11OCSSNa(K)

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa wachikasu kapena imvi-yoyera (kapena granule) wokhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, wosungunuka m'madzi.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium pentyl xanthate (potaziyamu) ndi chosonkhanitsa champhamvu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyandama kwa zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yosonkhanitsa koma osati kusankha. Mwachitsanzo, chimagwira ntchito ngati chosonkhanitsa chabwino kwambiri cha miyala ya sulfide yosungunuka kapena miyala ya mkuwa ndi lead yosungunuka (mutatha kusungunuka ndi sodium sulfide kapena sodium hydrosulfide). Chingathenso kulekanitsidwa bwino poyandama kwa miyala ya mkuwa-nickel sulfide ndi pyrite yokhala ndi golide.

No. 25 Black Mankhwala

• Gawo Lalikulu: Dimethylphenol Disulfide

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (C7H7O)2PSSH

• Kapangidwe kake: Madzi akuda a bulauni okhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso lowononga; amatha kuyaka, kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Mankhwala akuda nambala 25 ali ndi mphamvu zosonkhanitsa komanso kutulutsa thovu. Ndi chosonkhanitsa chogwira ntchito bwino cha sulfide ores ya lead, mkuwa, ndi siliva, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa lead ndi zinc. Chosakaniza ichi chili ndi mphamvu yofooka yosonkhanitsa pyrite ndi sulfide ores zina m'mabwalo a alkaline, koma ndi chosonkhanitsa champhamvu chosasankha cha sulfide ores zonse m'malo osalowerera kapena acidic. Pazifukwa zinazake, chilinso ndi mphamvu yosonkhanitsa ya heavy metal oxide ores. Popeza chosakaniza ichi chimasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira ku thanki yoziziritsira kapena mphero ya mpira.

Sodium Butyl Black Mankhwala

• Gawo Lalikulu: Dibutyl Disulfide Sodium

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (C4H9O)2PSSNa

• Kapangidwe kake: Madzi achikasu ndi bulauni opanda fungo loipa komanso mankhwala okhazikika.

• Ntchito Yaikulu: Mankhwala akuda a sodium butyl ndi osonkhanitsira bwino miyala yagolide ndi miyala ya sulfide ya siliva, mkuwa, ndi zinc. Ali ndi mphamvu yofooka yosonkhanitsira pyrite m'mabwalo a alkaline. Chogwiritsiridwa ntchitochi chimasonyeza mphamvu zochepa zotulutsa thovu.

Sodium No. 25 Black Mankhwala

• Gawo Lalikulu: Dimethylphenol Disulfide Sodium

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (C7H7O)2PSSNa

• Kapangidwe kake: Madzi ofiira kapena akuda, opanda fungo.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Mankhwala akuda a Sodium Nambala 25 ndi osonkhanitsira bwino miyala ya mkuwa ndi lead sulfide. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yofooka yosonkhanitsira miyala ya zinc sulfide, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa miyala ya mkuwa ndi lead sulfide kuchokera ku miyala ya zinc sulfide. Chogwiritsiridwa ntchitochi chikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji ku dera loyandama.

Ammonium Butyl Black Mankhwala

• Gawo Lalikulu: Dibutyl Disulfide Ammonium

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (C4H9O)2PSSNH4

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa woyera mpaka imvi-woyera wopanda kukoma, wofewa mumlengalenga, wosungunuka m'madzi, komanso wokhazikika mu mankhwala.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Mankhwala akuda a Ammonium butyl ndi osonkhanitsira bwino komanso otulutsa thovu la zitsulo zopanda chitsulo. Ali ndi mphamvu yapadera yolekanitsa miyala ya sulfide ya mkuwa, lead, siliva, ndi zinc, komanso miyala ya polymetallic yovuta. Ali ndi mphamvu yosonkhanitsira yofooka ya pyrite ndi magnetic pyrite mu pulp ya alkaline yochepa koma ali ndi mphamvu yosonkhanitsira yamphamvu ya galena. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyatsa miyala ya nickel ndi antimony sulfide, makamaka yogwira ntchito kwambiri pa miyala ya nickel sulfide yovuta kusankha, miyala ya nickel yosakanikirana ya sulfide, komanso pakati pa miyala ya sulfide ndi gangue. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala akuda a ammonium butyl ndikothandiza pakubwezeretsa platinamu, golide, ndi siliva.

Ethylthioamine (SN-9#)

• Gawo Lalikulu: N,N-Diethyl Dithiocarbamate Sodium

• Fomula ya Molekyulu: (C2H5)2NCSSNa·3H2O

• Kapangidwe kake: Krustalo woyera mpaka imvi wopanda fungo losasangalatsa, wosungunuka mosavuta m'madzi. Chothandizira ichi chimasungunuka kukhala carbon disulfide, diethylamine, ndi zina zotero, ngati pali

• kutentha kapena asidi.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Ethylthioamine (SN-9#) imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chosonkhanitsira zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zopanda chitsulo. Imasonyeza luso lotha kusonkhanitsa zitsulo za mkuwa, lead, zinc, ndi nickel sulfide. Chogwiritsiridwa ntchitochi chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakuyandama kwa zitsulo zovuta ndipo chagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mchere. Kuphatikiza apo, chingathandize kukweza kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zomwe zimabwezedwanso mu njira zoyandama.

Flotation Frothers

Frothers amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukonza mchere pothandizira kupanga ma froths okhazikika omwe amalola kuti mchere wamtengo wapatali ukhale wosiyana. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya flotation ndi:

• Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol (MIBC)

• Kapangidwe kake: Madzi opanda mtundu, oyaka moto okhala ndi fungo lodziwika bwino, osasungunuka m'madzi.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: MIBC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chopopera thovu poyatsira miyala yosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mkuwa, golide, ndi nickel. Imawonjezera kukhazikika kwa thovu, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mchere womwe ukufunika.

• Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether

• Kapangidwe kake: Madzi opanda mtundu komanso onunkhira pang'ono, osungunuka m'madzi ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe.

• Ntchito Yaikulu: Phokosoli limathandiza kwambiri pakuwonjezera mphamvu ya thovu pa njira zoyandama, makamaka pa miyala ya sulfide. Limathandiza kupanga thovu lokhazikika lomwe limalola kulekanitsa bwino mchere wamtengo wapatali.

• Polyglycol Ether

• Kapangidwe kake: Madzi okhuthala omwe amasungunuka m'madzi ndipo alibe poizoni wambiri.

• Ntchito Yaikulu: Polyglycol ether imagwira ntchito ngati chofufumitsa ndipo imatha kupititsa patsogolo luso la kuyandama kwa mchere wosiyanasiyana, makamaka pakuyandama kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tating'onoting'ono.

Zizindikiro

Ma inhibitors ndi mankhwala omwe amaletsa kuyandama kwa mchere wina. Ndiwofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kusankha komanso kuchita bwino kwa njira zoyandama. Ma inhibitors ambiri ndi awa:

• Sodium Cyanide

• Kapangidwe kake: Cholimba choyera cha kristalo, chosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, komanso choopsa kwambiri.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochepetsa mchere wosafunikira panthawi yoyandama, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zibwezeretsedwe, makamaka golide ndi siliva. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonza golide, makamaka pokonza cyanidation.

• Sodium Sulphide

• Kapangidwe kake: Cholimba choyera mpaka chachikasu, chosungunuka m'madzi, chokhala ndi fungo lopweteka.

• Ntchito Zazikulu: Sodium sulfide nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambitsa ma ayoni ena achitsulo ndikuchepetsa ena mu njira yoyandama. Imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakuyandama kwa ores osungunuka, monga omwe ali ndi mkuwa ndi lead.

• Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa woyera womwe umasungunuka m'madzi, suli poizoni, komanso umawola.

• Ntchito Yaikulu: CMC ndi mankhwala othandiza polima omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsira mchere wosiyanasiyana. Amathandiza kulamulira kusankha kwa njira yoyatsira mwa kuletsa kuyandama kwa mchere wina wa gangue.

Zamtanda

Ma Flocculants amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika ndi kutsitsa madzi amchere ndi ma tailings. Ma flocculants ambiri ndi awa:

• Polyacrylamides

• Kapangidwe kake: Ufa woyera mpaka wachikasu womwe umasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, osati poizoni.

• Ntchito Yaikulu: Polyacrylamide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati flocculant pokonza mchere kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa matope okhazikika komanso kuchepetsa madzi m'mafupa.

• Aluminium Sulfate

• Kapangidwe kake: Cholimba choyera cha kristalo chomwe chimasungunuka m'madzi.

• Ntchito Yaikulu: Aluminium sulfate nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira ndi flocculant pokonza mchere kuti ithandize kuyeretsa ndi kukhuthala kwa matope.