Sodium Cyanide: Njira Yabwino Yopangira Mafuta Otsika Ochepa Agolide

Pankhani ya migodi ya golidi, kuchotsa golide ku miyala yamtengo wapatali nthawi zonse kwakhala kovuta kwambiri. Miyala yagolide yotsika, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi 0.30 - 0.50g/t ya golide, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta omwe amalepheretsa njira zowongola zowongoka. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito Sodium cyanide mu leaching ndondomeko yatulukira ngati njira yothandiza kwambiri, kusintha momwe timachitira ores otere.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Kutulutsa Golide

Sodium cyanide ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa golide kuchokera m'miyala yake. Mukakumana ndi miyala yokhala ndi golide, Sodium Cyanide amakumana ndi golide, kupanga chosungunuka chagolide cha cyanide. Izi zitha kuphweka motere:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH

Njira yovutayi imalola golidi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono ndi omwazikana mkati mwa ore matrix, kuti asungunuke ndikusiyanitsidwa ndi mchere wozungulira wa gangue. Wapadera mankhwala zimatha sodium cyanide imathandizira kuti isankhe golide, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino yopangira golide.

Njira ya Leaching Pogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

1. Kukonzekera Ole

Gawo loyamba la njira yotsika mtengo yopangira golide ndi kukonza miyala. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuphwanya ndi kugaya miyalayo mpaka kukula koyenera. Cholinga chake ndikuwulula mchere wambiri wokhala ndi golide momwe ndingathere, kukulitsa kulumikizana pakati pa sodium cyanide solution ndi golide. Mwachitsanzo, pochita opaleshoni, miyalayi imatha kuphwanyidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zophwanya nsagwada ndi ma cone, kenako ndikuyikanso mphero kuti zikwaniritse tinthu tating'onoting'ono toyenera kuyendetsa bwino, nthawi zambiri pamlingo wa -150 + 75 µm monga momwe kafukufuku wasonyezera kuti ndi wabwino kwambiri pazinthu zina.

2. Leaching

Miyalayo ikakonzedwa, imayikidwa pamalo otsetsereka. Pali njira zingapo zopangira leaching, ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi kukhala wamba kwa ore otsika. Pakuchucha mulu, miyalayi imawunjikidwa papepala lopangidwa mwapadera losatha kulowa pansi. Njira yochepetsera ya sodium cyanide, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala ya 200 - 500 ppm, imawazidwa mosalekeza pa mulu wa ore. The yankho percolate kupyolera mwa ore, anachita ndi golide ndi Kusungunula izo. Njira ya leaching imachitika pansi pamikhalidwe yamchere, ndi pH ya yankho imasungidwa mozungulira 10 - 11 pogwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena sodium hydroxide. Izi zimathandiza kupewa kupangika kwa mpweya wa hydrogen cyanide, wopangidwa ndi poizoni, komanso kumawonjezera kusungunuka kwa golide mu njira ya cyanide.

3. Kubwezeretsa Golide

Golide akasungunuka mu yankho la cyanide, sitepe yotsatira ndikuibwezeretsa. Njira imodzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Carbon-mu-zamkati (CIP) kapena njira ya carbon-in-leach (CIL). Mu njira izi, Carbon Woyendetsa imawonjezeredwa ku matope a leach. Golide cyanide complex imayamwa pamwamba pa kaboni woyatsidwa chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwake kwakukulu ndi golide. Kenako kaboni wodzazidwayo amalekanitsidwa ndi matope, ndipo golideyo amachotsedwa mu kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la caustic cyanide. Pambuyo pake, golideyo amatengedwa kuchokera ku yankho lochotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi kapena zinc precipitation. Njira ina ndi njira yosinthira ufa wa zinc, yomwe ndi yoyenera madzi amtengo wapatali okhala ndi golide pambuyo pochotsa cyanide. Ufa wa zinc kapena waya wa zinc umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chochepetsera kuti golide atuluke mu yankho.

4. Chithandizo cha Tailings

Zotsalira pambuyo pochira golide, zomwe zimadziwika kuti tailings, zimakhala ndi cyanide yotsalira ndi zonyansa zina. Kusamalira bwino michira ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuteteza chilengedwe. Michira nthawi zambiri imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala kuti aphwanye cyanide yotsalayo. Mwachitsanzo, hydrogen peroxide kapena sulfure dioxide angagwiritsidwe ntchito oxidize cyanide ku mankhwala sanali poizoni. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, michirayo nthawi zambiri imatayidwa mu dambo lopangidwa mwaluso, lomwe limapangidwa kuti liteteze kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza m'chilengedwe.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide mu Low-Grade Gold Ore Leaching

1. Kusankha Kwambiri

Sodium cyanide imasonyeza kusankhidwa kwakukulu kwa golide. Imatha kusungunula golide ndikusiya mchere wina wambiri mu ore matrix osakhudzidwa. Kusankhidwa kumeneku kumapangitsa kulekanitsa bwino kwa golidi kuchokera ku zosakaniza zovuta za ore, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pazitsulo zotsika kwambiri zomwe golide zimakhala zochepa, ndipo kukhalapo kwa mchere wina kungasokoneze ndondomeko yochotsa.

2. Mtengo-wogwira ntchito

Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochotsera golide kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pochotsa golide kumakhala kotsika mtengo. Ma reagents ofunikira, monga sodium cyanide palokha, laimu wosintha pH, ndi activated carbon kuti abwezeretse golide, amapezeka pamalonda pamitengo yabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira cyanide leaching process, monga ma crushers, grinders, matanki a leaching, ndi mizati ya carbon adsorption, ndi zida zodziwika bwino zamigodi, zomwe zimachepetsanso mtengo wonse wantchitoyo.

3. Ukadaulo Wokhazikika

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa sodium cyanide mu leaching ya golide kuli ndi mbiri yakale, kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1880. Kwa zaka zambiri, kafukufuku wambiri ndi zochitika zothandiza zakhala zikusonkhanitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale teknoloji yopangidwa bwino komanso yokonzedwa bwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti makampani opanga migodi akhoza kudalira njira ndi njira zotsimikiziridwa, kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi njira zatsopano komanso zosayesedwa. Zomangamanga zomwe zilipo komanso chidziwitso pamakampani zimathandizanso kuti pakhale zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a cyanide.

Mavuto Okhudzana ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide ndi Mayankho Ake

1. Kuopsa

Sodium cyanide ndi poizoni kwambiri, ndipo kagwiridwe kake ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kamakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu paumoyo wa anthu komanso chilengedwe. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, ndondomeko zotetezeka zachitetezo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa migodi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kusungirako koyenera m’malo otetezeka, mpweya wabwino, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zodzitetezera kwa ogwira ntchito, ndi maphunziro okhazikika a kagwiridwe kake. Kuphatikiza apo, matekinoloje atsopano akupangidwa kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga ma reagents ena otulutsa leaching, monga thiosulfate-based leaching agents, omwe alibe poizoni pang'ono, akuwonetsa lonjezo. Ngakhale njira zina izi sizinavomerezedwe mofala monga sodium cyanide, kufufuza kosalekeza kumafuna kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zawo ndi zotsika mtengo.

2. Nkhawa Zachilengedwe

Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ngati sikuyendetsedwa bwino. Cyanide mu michira imatha kulowa m'nthaka ndi magwero amadzi, kuwononga zamoyo zam'madzi ndi zachilengedwe. Kuti izi zitheke, njira zowongolera zoyeserera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito madamu okhala ndi mizere kuti ateteze kutsetsereka, ndi chithandizo cha tailings kuchepetsa milingo ya cyanide mpaka malire ovomerezeka. Makampani ena amigodi akuwunikanso kuthekera kokonzanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito cyanide potulutsa, ndikuchepetsanso kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.

3. Zovuta za Ore Makhalidwe

Ores a golide otsika nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolemba zovuta za mineralological, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta pamayendedwe a cyanide leaching. Mwachitsanzo, kukhalapo kwa mchere wina wa sulfide, monga pyrite, kumatha kuwononga cyanide ndi oxygen, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya kuchotsa golide. Kuti athetse izi, njira zochiritsira nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Oxidation pre-treatment, monga bio-oxidation kapena kuwotcha, angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuphwanya mchere wa sulfide ndikupangitsa golide kukhala wosavuta kupeza yankho la cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, kukhathamiritsa magawo a leaching, monga kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide, pH ya yankho, ndi nthawi ya leaching, zitha kuthandizira kutulutsa bwino kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ore.

Tsogolo Patsogolo Pakutsika Kwa Golide Wotsika Ndi Sodium Cyanide

1. Njira Kukhathamiritsa

Kafukufuku wopitilira amayang'ana kwambiri kukhathamiritsa kwa cyanide leaching process. Izi zikuphatikiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotsogola zowonetsera kulosera za leaching ya ores osiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera magawo azinthu. Mwachitsanzo, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekezera kuyenda kwa cyanide njira kudzera mulu wa ore, kuonetsetsa kugawa yunifolomu ndi maximizing kukhudzana ndi yankho ndi golide. Kuonjezera apo, machitidwe owonetsetsa ndi kuwongolera nthawi yeniyeni akupangidwa kuti asinthe ndondomeko ya leaching malinga ndi kusintha kwa ore ndi machitidwe ogwirira ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide azibwezeretsanso kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa reagent.

2. Kuphatikiza ndi New Technologies

Tsogolo la ore la golide wocheperako lingaphatikizepo kuphatikizidwa kwa sodium cyanide leaching ndi matekinoloje atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito nanotechnology kupititsa patsogolo kuyambiranso kwa ma reagents a leaching kapena kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a njira zopezera golide. Zothandizira zochokera ku nanoparticle zitha kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa sodium cyanide ndi golide, kuchepetsa nthawi ya leaching ndikuwongolera bwino. Mbali ina yachitukuko ndikugwiritsa ntchito nzeru zopangira ndi kuphunzira makina kuti afufuze zambiri za deta kuchokera ku ntchito za migodi, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga zisankho zabwino poyendetsa ndondomeko ndi kukhathamiritsa.

3. Zochita Zokhazikika

Pamene nkhawa za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zikupitilira kukula, makampani opanga migodi akugogomezera kwambiri machitidwe okhazikika. Pankhani ya kutsika kwa golide wocheperako ndi sodium cyanide, izi zikutanthauza kukulitsa njira zowongolera zachilengedwe komanso zosamalira anthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala, ndi kuonetsetsa kusamalidwa bwino kwa michira. Makampani opanga migodi akuyang'ananso zochitika zamagulu ndi chitukuko cha anthu kuti atsimikizire kuvomereza kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kukhazikika kwa ntchito zawo.

Pomaliza, sodium cyanide imakhalabe gawo lofunikira pakuchotsa golide kuchokera ku ore otsika. Ngakhale pali zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake, kafukufuku wopitilira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kukupitilira kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito, chitetezo, komanso kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe cha njira ya cyanide leaching. Pothana ndi zovutazi komanso kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu, migodi ya golide ikhoza kupitirizabe kutulutsa mtengo kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali ya golide m'njira yodalirika komanso yabwino.