Sodium Cyanide Kushandiswa muGoridhe Kutorwa Kwakatsanangurwa

Mukuita kuburitsa goridhe kubva mumakemikari ecyanide, Sodium cyanide inodyiwa nenzira dzakawanda. Sodium cyanide ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa leaching agent mukutorwa kwegoridhe, uye ne theoretically, chete 0.5 magiramu e Sodium Cyanide inodiwa kuti leach 1 gramu yegoridhe. Zvisinei, mumiti yakawanda yegoridhe cyanidation, kushandiswa chaiko kwecyanide kwakakwira zvakanyanya, kazhinji kunodarika maverengero edzidziso neka50 kusvika ku100.

Izvo zvakakosha zvinokonzeresa kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwe cyanide mune goridhe cyanidation process dzinosanganisira:

1. Kushandiswa kweCyanide muGold Dissolution Process

Cyanide zvirimwa zvave kushandisa sodium cyanide kunyungudutsa goridhe kubva mumatombo kuitira kuti atorezve goridhe kubva mugwenzi. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nemakemikari zvinobatanidzwa ndezvizvi:

• [2Au+4NaCN+O2+2H2O→2Na[Au(CN)2]+2NaOH+H2O2]

• [ 2Au+4NaCN+H2O2→2Na[Au(CN)2]+2NaOH]

Kubva pane electrochemical reactions, zvinozivikanwa kuti kunyungudutsa 1 gramu yegoridhe kunoda kudyiwa kwe0.92 magiramu e sodium cyanide.

2. Kushandiswa kweCyanide muKugadziriswa neAssociated Base Metals

(1) Mamwe ores egoridhe ane zvicherwa zvakabatana senge pyrite, magnetite, chalcopyrite, sulfate minerals, hydroxides, uye oxides. Munguva yekupwanya danho, simbi yehupfu inogadzirwa, iyo zvishoma nezvishoma inopindirana ne sodium cyanide, ichiwedzera kushandiswa kwecyanide. Maitiro acho ndeaya:

• [ FeS2+NaCN→FeS+NaCNS]

• [ Fe(OH)2+2NaCN→Fe(CN)2+2NaOH]

• [ Fe+6NaCN+2H2O→Na4Fe(CN)6+2NaOH+H2↑]

• [S+NaCN→NaCNS]

(2) Kana iyo ore yegoridhe iine marudzi akasiyana emaminerari emhangura, ivo vanozoitawo nesodium cyanide kuti vagadzire copper cyanide complexes, ichidya cyanide mukuita. Maitiro acho ndeaya:

• [ 2CuSO4+4NaCN→Cu2(CN)2+2Na2SO4+(CN)2↑]

• [ 2Cu2S+4NaCN+2H2O+O2→Cu2(CN)2+Cu2(CNS)2+4NaOH]

Nekuda kwesimba reactivity ye sodium cyanide ine akawanda mamineral emhangura, kazhinji, 2.3 kusvika 3.4 magiramu ecyanide anodiwa kunyungudutsa 1 gramu yemhangura.

(3) Kana iyo yepakutanga ore yegoridhe iine sphalerite kana smithsonite, ivo vanozoitawo nesodium cyanide kugadzira zinc cyanide uye carbonates. Maitiro acho ndeaya:

• [ ZnS+4NaCN→Na2[Zn(CN)4]+Na2S]

• [ ZnCO3+4NaCN→Na2Zn(CN)4+Na2CO3]

(4) Kana iyo ore yegoridhe iine arsenopyrite, mercury, selenium, tellurium, nezvimwewo, ivo vachaitawo ne sodium cyanide. Kana muviri weore uine matombo ecarbonaceous, kunyanya ayo akapfuma muorganic kabhoni, kushambadza kwecyanide kunowedzera kusimba, zvichiita kuti cyanide leaching yegoridhe inyanye kuoma.

3. Hydrolysis yeCyanides

Mumhinduro, cyanides vanopinda madhigirii akasiyana ehydrolysis zvichienderana nepH, nehuwandu hwehydrogen cyanide inogadzirwa ichienderana nealkalinity yemushonga. Mhinduro yacho inogona kumiririrwa sezvizvi:

• [NaCN + H2O → NaOH + HCN↑]

• [CN⁻ + 2H2O → HCOO⁻ + NH3]

Mushure me hydrolysis, chikamu che cyanide chinogadzira hydrogen cyanide, nepo chimwe chikamu chine oxidatively hydrolyzed, zvishoma nezvishoma ichigadzira formic acid uye ammonia. Pa100 ° C, CN⁻ inorasikirwa ne50%, uye pa130 ° C, inorasikirwa ne85%.

Mukuita cyanidation yekuchera goridhe, hydrogen cyanide igasi rine muchetura zvakanyanya. Kana ikasatarisirwa zvakanaka, inogona kutungamira mukuwedzera kushandiswa kweNaCN, kukwidza mitengo yekugadzira, uye kukonzera kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, pamwe nekuisa njodzi dzehutano kune vanoshanda. Huwandu hweHCN hunogadzirwa hunosiyana nepH yemushonga: papH 10.5. 6.1% chete yehydrogen cyanide inogadzirwa; pa pH 10. inowedzera kusvika 17%; pa pH 9.5. inosvika 39.2%; uye pH 9.0. inokwana 67.1%. Naizvozvo, mugoridhe CIP (Carbon-in-Pulp) zvidyarwa, iyo pH inowanzo gadziridzwa kusvika pakati pegumi nerimwe negumi nembiri kudzora hydrolysis ye cyanides.

4. Iyo oxidation ye cyanide (CN-) neokisijeni yakanyungudika (O2)

Kuwedzera chiyero chekunyungudika kwegoridhe, zvese CN- neO2 zvinofanirwa kuve nechekuita mukuita. Pamukamuri tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa, iyo yakanyanya solubility yeokisijeni i8.2 mg/L. Kuwedzerwa kweiyo yakasimba oxidizing agent inogona kuwedzera huwandu hweokisijeni mumhinduro, zvakanyanya kukurumidza kukurumidza kuita leaching. Zvisinei, chiyero cheokisijeni kune cyanide chinofanira kuenzana; kana zvisina kudaro, iyo leaching rate inogona kuderera. Okisijeni yakanyungudika inopindirana ne cyanide kuumba cyanate, iyo yakagadzikana mune alkaline mhinduro. Zvisinei, pa pH yakaderera pane 7. ino hydrolyzes kuburitsa ammonia nebicarbonate. Iwo reaction equations ndeaya anotevera:

• [1/2 O2 + CN– → (CNO)–]

• [(CNO)– + 2 H2O → HCO3– + NH3]

Naizvozvo, kuita uku kunogona kutungamira mukudyiwa kwecyanide panguva yeleaching kana electrolysis maitiro.

5. Adsorption yeCyanide neClay

Munguva yecyanidation process, iyo iron sulfide muore inogadzira iron hydroxide, nepo silicates mune ore inoumba colloidal silica mune alkaline medium. Zvose izvi zvinhu zvine humwe hunyanzvi hwekushambadza cyanide, zvichitungamira mukurasikirwa kwe cyanide pamwe nekusara kwe leaching.

6. Kushandiswa kwecyanide nezvimwe zvinhu

(1) Kana slurry ichimutswa uye izere nemhepo, CO2 ichave iri mumhinduro. CO2 ichaitawo ne cyanide.

• [2NaCN+CO2+H2O→Na2CO3+2HCN↑]

(2) Sulfide zvicherwa senge pyrite mune yepakutanga ore inobata neokisijeni yakanyungudika (O2) mune ore pulp, uye inoguma sulfite uye sulfate ichaitawo necyanide.

• [FeS+2O2→FeSO4]

• [FeSO4+6NaCN→Na4Fe(CN)6+Na2SO4]

Huwandu hudiki hweCaO kana Ca(OH)2 hunogona kuwedzerwa isati yadonha kuti isaite asidhi uye kudzivirira kuita kuri pamusoro kuti kurege kuitika.

pakupedzisa

Izvo zviri pamusoro ndizvo zvitanhatu zvekushandiswa kwecyanide mune yegoridhe cyanidation process. Pamusoro peiyo cyanide inodiwa pakunyungudika kwakajairika kwegoridhe, kune akawanda asina kukosha mashandisirwo, akadai isu maitiro nemamwe maminerari ane hukama, self-hydrolysis, nezvimwe. 

Kana iwe uine chero mibvunzo nezve zviri pamusoro, kana uchida kuziva iyo, unogona kubvunza online vatengi sevhisi kana kutumira meseji, isu tichakubata iwe nekukurumidza sezvinobvira!