Ongororo yeCatalytic Basa reSodium Cyanide muPetrochemical Indasitiri

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN), sechinhu chakakosha inorganic komputa, inoratidza akakosha mhedzisiro mhedzisiro mu Petrochemical Industry nekuda kwemaitiro ayo emakemikari akasiyana. Yayo yakasimba alkalinity, kugona kwekubatanidza, uye nucleophilicity inoita kuti ive yakakosha inokonzeresa kana yekuwedzera mune akasiyana makemikari maitiro. Ichi chinyorwa chichakurukura basa rayo muindasitiri ye petrochemical kubva kuzvinhu zvakaita se Catalytic Mechanism, minda yekushandisa, uye chengetedzo.

I. Catalytic Mechanism yeSodium Cyanide

1.Kuumbwa kweMetal Complexes

Iyo CN⁻ ion ine simba rakasimba rekubatanidza uye inogona kuumba yakagadzika macomplexes ane ekuchinja simbi (seNi, Co, Fe, nezvimwewo). Aya macomplexes anogona kumisa substrate mamorekuru mune catalytic reactions uye kuderedza activation simba rekuita. Semuenzaniso, mu hydrocyananation ye olefins, iyo catalyst inoumbwa ne Sodium Cyanide uye nickel munyu anogona kusimudzira zvinobudirira kuita kwekuwedzera kweolefins neHCN kugadzira Nitrile Compounds.

2.Nucleophilic Catalysis

Sehwaro hwakasimba, sodium cyanide inogona kupa CN⁻ senge nucleophilic reagent kutora chikamu mukutsiva nucleophilic kana kuwedzera maitiro. Semuyenzaniso, mukuita cyanidation yehalogenated hydrocarbons, CN⁻ inotsiva halogen kuti iite nitrile compounds, inova nzira yakakosha pakugadzirwa kweorganic nitriles.

3.Regulation yeAlkaline Environment

Sodium cyanide hydrolyzes kugadzira NaOH uye HCN, iyo inogona kudzora pH kukosha kweiyo reaction system uye kukurudzira mamwe acid-base catalytic reactions (senge hydrolysis kana condensation yeesters).

II. Yakajairika Mashandisirwo muPetrochemical Indasitiri

1.Synthesis yeNitrile Compounds

• Kugadzirwa kweAcrylonitrile: Mukuita kweammoxidation yepropylene kugadzira acrylonitrile, Sodium cyanide inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinokonzeresa chekuwedzera kuvandudza kuita sarudzo uye goho.

• Synthesis yeAdiponitrile: Kuburikidza nekuita kwehydrocyanation ye1.3-butadiene, sodium cyanide inokonzera kuumbwa kweadiponitrile, iyo inokosha yakasvibiswa yenylon-66.

2.Carbonylation Synthesis uye Hydrogenation Reactions

• Mune iyo carbonylation synthesis reaction, sodium cyanide inoita synergistically necobalt catalyst kukurudzira kuwedzera kwekuita kweolefins neCO uye H₂ kugadzira aldehyde kana doro remakemikari.

• Sekuwedzera mune hydrogenation maitiro, sodium cyanide inogona kudzora pamusoro pemagetsi mamiriro esimbi inokonzeresa uye kuwedzera maitiro ekuita.

3.Petroleum Cracking uye Desulfurization

• Munguva yepetroleum cracking process, sodium cyanide inogona kuvharidzira coking reaction uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwesevhisi yecatalyst.

• Inoshandiswa pakubvisa sulfur-containing compounds (yakadai se mercaptan kubvisa). Kuburikidza neiyo nucleophilic substitution reactions, mercaptans inoshandurwa kuita sulfides kana disulfides.

III. Zvakanakira uye Zvinetso

Advantages:

• High catalytic chiitiko uye selectivity, yakakodzera kune dzakasiyana siyana dzakaoma kuita masisitimu.

• Mutengo wakaderera uye nyore kune maindasitiri application.

matambudziko:

• Muchetura Ngozi: Sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye kudzora kwakasimba kwemamiriro ekushanda kunodiwa kudzivirira kubuda kana kubata.

• Zvinyorwa zveMagariro: Mvura ine tsvina ine cyanide inoda kucheneswa (yakadai seye alkaline chlorination method) kuti isangane nemiyero yekubuda nayo kudzivirira njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.

• Makwikwi kubva kune Alternative Technologies: Nekuvandudzwa kwekemikari yakasvibirira, biocatalysis kana ionic liquid catalysts zvishoma nezvishoma inotsiva mamwe sodium cyanide maitiro.

IV. Kuchengetedzwa uye Kuchengetedzwa Kwenzvimbo Matanho

1. Production Dziviriro: Shandisa midziyo yakavharwa, kuve yakashongedzerwa nehydrogen cyanide yekuona uye alarm system, uye vashandisi vanofanirwa kupfeka zvinodzivirira uye magasi masks.

2. Kuchenesa mvura: Shandura CN⁻ kuita isiri-chepfu CO₂ uye N₂ kuburikidza nenzira yeoxidation (sekushandisa ClO₂ kana H₂O₂).

3. Process Optimization: Gadzira tekinoroji yekudzokorodza kuderedza kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide; tsvaga cyanide-isina catalytic masisitimu (sekushandisa organic nitriles seanotsiva).

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide, ine yakasarudzika catalytic zvimiro, inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yepetrochemical, kunyanya muminda yakadai senitrile synthesis uye carbonylation reactions, uko isingadzokerike. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza zvakare inomhanyisa indasitiri kuti ishanduke kuenda kune yakachengeteka uye yakasvibira catalytic matekinoroji. Mune ramangwana, nekufambira mberi kwekugadzira dhizaini uye kugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide kuchaita zvakanyanya kushanda uye kusimba.