Toxicity yeLiquid Sodium Cyanide uye Yekutanga - Aid Matanho

1. ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ikemikari ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chimiro chayo chemvura chinoisa njodzi kuhutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kunzwisisa nzira dzayo dzehuchetura uye kuziva matanho erubatsiro ekutanga akakodzera kana yaonekwa kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa, kunyanya mumaindasitiri maanoshandiswa, sekuchera goridhe pakuita leaching uye mune mamwe maindasitiri anogadzira makemikari.

2. Muchetura weLiquid Sodium Cyanide

2.1. Mechanism yeToxicity

Liquid Sodium Cyanide inoparadzanisa mumuviri kuburitsa cyanide ions (CN⁻). Aya ma cyanide ions ane hukama hwakanyanya hwe cytochrome oxidase, enzyme yakaoma mu mitochondria yemasero. Nekusunga ku cytochrome oxidase, cyanide inhibits cheni yekutakura maelectron, inova chikamu chakakosha chekufema kweaerobic. Nekuda kweizvozvo, masero haakwanise kushandisa oxygen zvinobudirira, zvichitungamira kune mamiriro ehistotoxic hypoxia. Nemashoko akareruka, masero anoziya nenzara yeokisijeni kunyange kana paine zvakakwana muropa, zvichikanganisa zvakajairika cellular basa uye metabolism.

2.2. Nzira Dzekufumurwa uye Associated Toxic Effects

2.2.1. Kufema

Kana mhute kana mhute ye Liquid sodium cyanide vanofema, zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika nekukurumidza. Iyo yekufema system ndiyo yekutanga kubatwa. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvinogona kusanganisira kushatirwa kwehuro, kukosora, uye kunzwa kuoma muchipfuva. Sezvo kuratidzwa kunoenderera mberi, zviratidzo zvakakomba zvakadai sekupfupika kwekufema, kukurumidza kufema, uye mukunyanya kuratidzwa, kusungwa kwekufema kunogona kuitika. Kufema kunyangwe zvidiki zvecyanide - zvine mhute zvinogona kutyisa hupenyu nekuda kwekukurumidza kupinda kwecyanide muropa kuburikidza nealveoli mumapapu.

2.2.2. Skin Contact

Kusangana kweganda zvakananga nemvura sodium cyanide zvinogonawo kuva nengozi. Iyo alkaline hunhu hwe Sodium cyanide mhinduro dzinogona kukonzera kushatirwa kweganda, kutsva, uye ngura. Pamusoro pezvo, kana paine machekwa, mabrasions, kana maronda akazaruka paganda, cyanide inogona kunyudzwa muropa. Kubata kweganda kwenguva refu kana kwakawanda kunogona kutungamirira kune systemic chepfu, ine zviratidzo zvakafanana neyekupinza kana kufema, zvakadai semusoro, dzungu, kushaya simba, uye mumatambudziko akaoma, kusungwa kwemwoyo.

2.2.3. Kudya

Kunwa mvura sodium cyanide kune njodzi zvakanyanya. Kunyange mari shoma inogona kuuraya. Iyo cyanide ions inokurumidza kunyudzwa kuburikidza nemudumbu remukati muropa. Zviratidzo zvinowanzotanga mukati memaminitsi uye zvinogona kusanganisira kusvotwa, kurutsa, kurwadziwa nemudumbu, uye kunzwa kupisa mumuromo nepahuro. Sezvo chepfu ichipararira nemuviri, inogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa nekuziva, kubatwa, uye pakupedzisira, kufa nekuda kwekufema uye kutadza kwemoyo.

2.3. Lethal Dose

Iyo inouraya dose yemvura sodium cyanide inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita senzira yekuratidzwa, mamiriro ehutano hwemunhu, uye huremu hwemuviri. Nekudaro, kazhinji, sodium cyanide ine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye shoma shoma inogona kuuraya. Semuenzaniso, iyo inogona kuitika yemuromo inouraya dose muvanhu inofungidzirwa kuva isingasviki 5 mg/kg yehuremu hwemuviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kumunhu mukuru-akaenzana (anenge 70 kg), isingasviki 350 mg ye sodium cyanide inogona kuuraya kana ikanwiwa.

3. Chekutanga - Aid Measures

3.1. Kufema

1. Kubuda Pakarepo: Kana munhu akafema mhute yesodium cyanide kana mhute, inofanira kubviswa nekukurumidza kubva panzvimbo ine utachiona ichiendeswa kunzvimbo ine mweya mutsva. Izvi zvinobatsira kumisa kuwedzera kuratidzwa kune chepfu.

2. Chengetedza Airway uye Kufema: Iva nechokwadi chokuti nzira yemhepo yemunhu akabatwa yakachena. Kana munhu wacho ari kutadza kufema zvakanaka, ipa artificial kufema kana akadzidziswa kuita saizvozvo. Nekudaro, zvakakosha kuti usaite muromo - kune - muromo wekumutsidzira sezvo paine njodzi yekusangana necyanide kune mununuri. Pane kudaro, shandisa bhegi - vharafu - mask mudziyo une okisijeni yekuwedzera kana iripo.

3. Tsvaka Rubatsiro Rwekuchipatara Nokukurumidza: Dana emergency emergency services (EMS) nekukurumidza. Paunenge wakamirira amburenzi, tarisa zviratidzo zvinokosha zvemunhu wacho, zvakadai sokufema uye kurova kwemwoyo. Kana munhu wacho akarasikirwa nepfungwa kana kuti akanzwa kusungwa kwemwoyo, tanga cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) kana akadzidziswa, uchitevera mazano akakodzera.

3.2. Skin Contact

1. Bvisa Zvipfeko Zvakasvibiswa: Nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, bvisa chero zvipfeko zvakasangana nemvura sodium cyanide. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira kuwedzera kuratidzwa kweganda uye kutorwa. Paunenge uchibvisa zvipfeko, chenjerera kuti usaparadzira kemikari kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri kana kumuponesi.

2. Geza Ganda Nyatso: Geza nzvimbo yakakanganisika yeganda nemvura yakawanda inoyerera kweinenge maminitsi makumi maviri. Izvi zvinobatsira kuderedza uye kubvisa sodium cyanide kubva paganda. Kana iripo, 20% solution ye sodium thiosulfate inogona kushandiswa kushambidza ganda mushure mekutanga kushambidza mvura. Sodium thiosulfate inogona kubatsira kuderedza iyo cyanide paganda.

3. Tsvaka Kutarisirwa Kuchipatara: Mushure mekugeza ganda, munhu anenge abatwa anofanira kuendeswa kuchipatara kuti aongororwe uye kurapwa. Kunyangwe kana ganda risingaratidzike kunge rakakanganiswa zvakanyanya, panogona kunge paine njodzi ye systemic chepfu, uye nyanzvi dzekurapa dzinogona kutarisa chero zviratidzo zvehupfu.

3.3. Kudya

1. Usaite Kurutsa: Hapana mamiriro ezvinhu anofanira kurutsa nekuti izvi zvinogona kukonzera kumwe kukuvadzwa kwesophagus uye kuwedzera njodzi yekushuvira kwechinhu chine muchetura mumapapu.

2. Sukurudza Muromo: Kana munhu wacho achiziva, nyatsogeza muromo wavo nemvura kuti ubvise chero tumarara tunenge twasara emvura inonzi sodium cyanide.

3. Shandisa Antidotes pasi peMedical Supervision: Mishonga mikuru ye cyanide poisoning ndeye hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit) uye musanganiswa we sodium nitrite uye sodium thiosulfate. Nekudaro, mishonga iyi yekurapa inofanirwa kupihwa chete nenyanzvi dzekurapa. EMS inofanira kushevedzwa pakarepo, uye munhu anenge abatwa anofanira kuendeswa kuchipatara nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Muchipatara, mushonga wakakodzera uchapiwa zvichienderana nekuoma kwechepfu uye mamiriro emunhu anenge abatwa.

4. Kutsigira Kuchengeta: Kuwedzera pakurapwa kwemishonga, munhu anenge abatwa angada rubatsiro runomutsigira, zvakadai semvura inoiswa mutsinga kuti irambe iine hydration, mishonga yekudzora pfari kana ikaitika, uye kunyatsoongorora zviratidzo zvinokosha, kusanganisira kurova kwemwoyo, BP, uye oxygen saturation.

4. Kudzivirira uye Kuchengetedza Kuchengetedza

Kudzivirira kuratidzwa kune mvura sodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza anofanirwa kuitwa munzvimbo dzebasa paanoshandiswa. Vashandi vanofanirwa kupihwa midziyo yekuzvidzivirira yakafanira (PPE), kusanganisira magirovhosi asingagone kubatwa nekemikari, magirazi, nekudzivirira kufema. Nzvimbo dzebasa dzinofanirwa kunge dzichifefeterwa zvakanaka kuti dzideredze njodzi yekufemerwa nemhepo yecyanide. Panofanirawo kuve nechiratidzo chakajeka chinoratidza kuvepo kwechinhu chine muchetura, uye vashandi vanofanirwa kugara vachidzidziswa nezve mabatiro akachengeteka uye kuchengetedzwa kwemvura sodium cyanide, uye nezve zvekuita kana zvikaitika netsaona.

Mukupedzisa, liquid sodium cyanide chinhu chine muchetura zvakanyanya, uye chero kuratidzwa kwairi kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakaipa pahutano hwevanhu. Kuziva maitiro ehuchetura uye kujairana neakakodzera matanho ekutanga erubatsiro anogona kuita mutsauko wakakura mukuponesa hupenyu kana paine emergency.