Sodium Cyanide: Kunzwisisa Mashandisiro Ayo, Zvivakwa, uye Chengetedzo Yekuchengetedza

I. Kutanga

Sodium cyanide (makemikari fomura: NaCN) chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda chisingasanganisike chinoita basa rakakosha muminda yekutsvagisa kwemaindasitiri nesainzi. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehuturu hwayo hwakawanda uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise uye ushandise zvakachengeteka. Chinyorwa chino chichachitsanangura kubva pazvinhu zvitatu: Mashandisirwo , Hunhu , uye Kudzivirira Kuchengetedzeka , zvichibatsira vaverengi kuti vanzwisise zvakakwana kemikari iyi yakakosha.

II. Kushandiswa kweSodium cyanide

1.Metal Processing uye Metallurgy

• Kuisa Electroplating : Sechimwe chezvinhu zviri mu electroplating solution, Sodium Cyanide inogona kubatsira kugadzira coating yakafanana uye yakakora (senge goridhe, sirivha, mhangura, nezvimwewo) pamusoro pesimbi.

• Kubviswa kwegoridhe : Mukuita kwecyanidation yekubviswa kwegoridhe, sodium cyanide inosangana negoridhe kuti igadzire complex inonyunguduka, nokudaro ichiparadzanisa goridhe kubva muore.

2.Organic Synthesis

• Inoshandiswa kugadzira cyanides, mishonga yepakati (yakadai sevhitamini B1), madhayi, mishonga yezvipembenene, nezvimwe.

• Seye nucleophilic reagent mu organic synthesis, inotora chikamu mune zvakasiyana siyana zvemakemikari maitiro.

3.Laboratory Applications

• Inoshandiswa seye analytical reagent (sekutemerwa kwesimbi ions se cobalt nemhangura), kana sechinhu chinokonzeresa mukuedza chaiko.

III. Zvinhu zveSodium Cyanide

1.Physical Properties

• Chitarisiko : Makristasi machena kana upfu, izvo zvinopfava nyore nyore.

• Kunyungudika : Inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, uye mvura ine alkaline yakawanda; inonyungudika zvishoma mu ethanol.

• Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka : Inenge 563.7°C, uye nzvimbo yekufashaira inenge 1496°C.

2.Chemical Properties

• Huturu : Hune chepfu yakanyanya. Muyero unouraya unonwiwa ungangoita 1 - 2 mg/kg (kuvanhu vakuru).

• Kuita zvinhu (reactivity) : Inoita zvinhu zvine acids kuti igadzire gasi rine chepfu ine hydrogen cyanide (HCN); inogona kukonzera kuita zvinhu zvine simba kana yasangana ne oxidants dzakasimba.

• Kugadzikana : Inogara yakagadzikana mumhepo yakaoma, asi inoora zvishoma nezvishoma kana yaiswa mumvura kana mhepo ine hunyoro, ichiburitsa gasi rine chepfu.

IV. Chengetedzo Yekuchengetedza

1.Toxicity Mechanism uye Njodzi

• Huturu hweSodium cyanide hunobva kucyanide ion (CN⁻) yainoburitsa, iyo inogona kudzivirira ma enzymes ekufema emasero, zvichikonzera hypoxia yematishu uye, muzviitiko zvakakomba, rufu.

• Zviratidzo zveChepfu Yakanyanya : Musoro, kuda kurutsa, kushaya simba, kuvhiringidzika, uye kunyange kugwinha uye kumira kwemoyo.

2.Protection Measures

• Kuzvidzivirira : Pfeka mbatya dzinodzivirira, magirovhosi, magogorosi, uye shandisa chifukidzo chegasi (nekaturiji yekusefa).

• Nzvimbo Yekushanda : Shandisa muchinhu chinofuridza kana kuti muchina wakavharwa kudzivirira kupararira kweguruva.

3.Kuchengetedza uye Kutakura

• Kuchengetera Kwakavharwa : Chengeta munzvimbo yakaoma uye inotonhorera, kure nemaacid, maoxydants, uye chikafu.

• Kunyora uye Kunyevera : Mudziyo unofanira kunge wakanyorwa mazita ekunyevera akadai sekuti "Highly Toxic" uye "Corrosive".

4.Emergency Treatment

• Kurapa Kubuda Kwemvura : Pfekai michina yekudzivirira, vharai chinhu chabuda nejecha kana zvinhu zvisina simba, uye dzivisai kusangana zvakananga.

• Rubatsiro Rwekutanga Pakubatwa Nechepfu : Endai nemunhu ane chepfu nekukasika kunzvimbo ine mhepo yakachena, chengetedzai nzira yekufema isina kudzivirirwa, tsvagai rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza, uye zivisai vashandi vezvehutano nezvechepfu yacho.

5.Kuenderana neMitemo

• Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine ngozi inodzorwa nehurumende. Izvo zvinodikanwa kutevedzera Mitemo pamusoro peKuchengetedzwa Kwekuchengetedza Kwengozi Kemikari, uye mvumo inodiwa pakufambisa kwayo uye kushandiswa.

V. Nyaya Yambiro

Muchiitiko chekuputika kweTianjin Port muna 2015. kubuda kwe sodium cyanide kwakakwezva kutarisa kwakapararira, kuratidza migumisiro yakakomba yekusachengeta uye kutarisira kusina kunaka. Chiitiko ichi chinoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chokuti chero kuregeredza kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro ine ngozi, uye tinofanira kugara tichichengetedza hukuru hwekuchenjerera.

VI. Mhedziso

Sodium cyanide "munondo unocheka kaviri". Kushandisa kwayo zvine musoro kunogona kusimudzira kufambira mberi kweindasitiri, asi kana chengetedzo ikaregeredzwa, inogona kutungamirira kunjodzi. Kunzwisisa mashandisiro ayo, zvivakwa, uye mitemo yekuchengetedza ibasa remunhu wese anosangana nazvo. Chete nekuibata nesainzi uye kutora matanho ekudzivirira akasimba tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu uye hutano hwezvakatipoteredza.