Inoshanda Chiyero uye Mafambiro eCyanidation Vat Leaching Nzira yeMigodhi yeGoridhe

1. ziviso

Nzira yekubvisa goridhe kubva mumatombo esimbi inonzi Cyanidation vat leaching inzira yakakosha mukuchera goridhe kubva mumatombo esimbi. Nzira iyi ine chinangwa chayo chakanangana uye ine matanho akatevedzana akanyatsotsanangurwa, ayo anoita basa rakakosha mukubvisa goridhe zvinobudirira.

2. Applicable Scope

2.1 Ore Particle Saizi Inodiwa

Ore dzegoridhe dzakakodzerwa nenzira yevat leaching kazhinji ine yakanaka - yegoridhe kuparadzira. Kana zvimedu zvegoridhe zviri muore zvakanyanya kunaka, zvinonetsa kuzvipatsanura kuburikidza nenzira dzakareruka dzekuparadzanisa dzemuviri dzakaita sekupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, iyo cyanidation vat leaching nzira inogona kushandiswa. Semuenzaniso, mune imwe oxide - mhando yegoridhe ores, goridhe rinowanzo kuve riri muchimiro chezviyo zvakatsetseka, izvo zvinogona kunyatsogadziriswa nevat leaching.

2.2 Ore Giredhi Inodiwa

Iyi nzira inonyanya kukodzera kune yakaderera - giredhi kana Ultra - yakaderera - giredhi goridhe ores. Kune epamusoro-giredhi goridhe ores, inoshanda zvakanyanya uye shoma nguva - inopedza nzira dzekuchera dzinogona kusarudzwa. Nekudaro, kune yakaderera-giredhi ores apo iyo yegoridhe yemukati paunit huwandu hweore yakadzikira, iyo vat leaching nzira inogona kuramba ichiwana kutorwa kwehupfumi mune mamwe mamiriro. Mutengo wakaderera weiyo vat leaching process inoita kuti ive sarudzo inoshanda yekugadzirisa ores akadaro.

2.3 Ore Permeability Chinodiwa

Matombo asina kupenya zvakanaka akakodzerawo kubviswa muzvicherwa. Kana matombo acho aine kupenya kwakanaka, mushonga wecyanide unogona kuyerera nekukurumidza muzvicherwa, zvichikonzera nguva isina kukwana yekubatana pakati pecyanide negoridhe, nokudaro zvichideredza kupenya kwegoridhe. Kusiyana neizvi, kune matombo asina kupenya zvakanaka, nzira yekubvisa muzvicherwa inogona kudzora kuyerera kwenguva nenguva yekubatana kwemushonga wecyanide muzvicherwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhedzisiro iri nani yekubvisa muzvicherwa. Semuenzaniso, matombo esimbi ane goridhe rakachekwa zvakanaka uye goridhe rakachekwa zvakanaka rine goridhe rakachekwa zvakanaka anowanzova nekupenya kwakashata uye akakodzera kubviswa muzvicherwa. Nzira yekubvisa muzvicherwa inogona kuwana mwero wekuwanazve we70 - 90% wematombo akadaro.

3. Process Flow

3.1 Gadziriro yeMavheti ekuLeaching

Iyo leaching vats inoshandiswa mukugadzirisa kazhinji inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sehuni, simbi, kana kongiri. Pazasi pevheti inogona kunge yakati sandara kana kurerekera zvishoma, uye chimiro chinogona kunge chakatenderera, rectangular, kana sikweya. Mukati mevheti, pasi penhema yakagadzirwa neperforated acid - mahwendefa anopikisa anoiswa. Mucheka wesefa unoiswa pazasi penhema, uye girasi rakagadzirwa nematanda emapuranga kana ngura - simbi inodzivirira inoputirwa pajira resefa. Pasi penhema rinoshandiswa kusefa nekutsigira simbi. Usati watanga nzira yekucheka, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi kuti mavhati, kunyanya echivharo vheti uye varombo - yemvura vat, haipindiki uye yakaoma.

3.2 Ore Pretreatment - Kupwanya nekuongorora

Iyo yakacherwa goridhe - inobereka ores inoda kupwanyiwa kune imwe particle size. Chekutanga, maores anodyiswa mudanho rekupwanya kuti rive nyore kuparadzaniswa. Zvichienderana nesaizi inodiwa ore particle size, kune akakasharara - kupwanya, epakati - kupwanya, uye zvakanaka - kupwanya mashandiro. Kazhinji, jaya rinopwanya rinoshandiswa kune coarse - kupwanya, izvo zvinogona kuderedza particle size kusvika pa50 - 100mm. Zvadaro, cone crusher inoshandiswa kune yepakati-kupwanya uye yakanaka-kupwanya mashandiro, kuderedza saizi yechikamu kusvika ku5 - 25mm. Mushure mekupwanya, ores anotariswa nechidzitiro chinozunguza kuti ive nechokwadi chekukura kwechikamu chakafanana. Coarse - grained ores iyo isingaite zvinodiwa inodzoserwa kune crusher yekupwanyazve, uye akakodzera - saizi ores anopinda nhanho inotevera.

3.3 Leaching process

1. Kuisa Matombo muVat : Matombo akapwanywa uye akavharirwa anoiswa muvat inoburitsa mvura.

2. Kugadzirira Mhinduro Yekubvisa Mvura : Muchirongo chisina mvura, mhinduro yealkaline cyanide inogadzirwa senzira yekuburitsa mvura. Kuwanda kwemvura yecyanide kunowanzo dzorwa mukati mechikamu chakati, kazhinji 0.05% - 0.1%, iyo inotsanangurwa kuburikidza nekuyedza zvichienderana nehunyanzvi hwematombo chaiwo. Kuwanda uku kunogona kuve nechokwadi chekuburitsa goridhe zvakanaka ukuwo kuchideredza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.

3. Kushanda Kwekubvisa Mvura : Mhinduro yekuburitsa mvura yakagadzirwa inopombwa mumudziyo wekuburitsa mvura. Munguva yekuburitsa mvura, mhinduro yekuburitsa mvura inoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma nepakati pedombo reore. Goridhe riri mudombo rinoita serinosanganiswa necyanide iri mumushonga pasi pekushanda kweokisijeni (kazhinji, mhepo inopinzwa mumudziyo). Equation huru yemakemikari ndeye: \(4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). Mukuita uku, goridhe rinoumba goridhe rinonyungudika - cyanide complexes uye rinonyungudika mumushonga. Nguva yekuburitsa mvura yakareba, inowanzobva pamazuva akati wandei kusvika kumavhiki akati wandei, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita semhando yedombo, saizi yedombo, uye huwandu hwemvura inoburitsa mvura. Munguva yekuburitsa mvura, zvinodikanwa kuti ugare uchiona huwandu hwemvura inoburitsa mvura, pH kukosha kwemvura, uye huwandu hwegoridhe mumushonga kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti mvura inoburitsa mvura inoenderera mberi mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka.

3.4 Kupatsanurwa kweGoridhe - Bearing Solution (Rich - Liquid)

Kana iyo leaching inosvika pane imwe nguva uye kuburikidza nekuona, kana iyo yekumisikidza uye giredhi remvura inosangana nezvinodiwa, iyo goridhe-inotakura mhinduro (yakapfuma - yemvura) inoburitswa kubva pasi pevheti. Iyo yakapfuma - mvura ine goridhe rakanyungudutswa - cyanide complexes uye inoda kufambiswazve kuti iwanezve goridhe.

3.5 Kudzoreredza Goridhe

1. Nzira yeKubvisa Zinc Powder (Sheet) : Imwe nzira yakajairika yekudzoreredza goridhe inzira yekubvisa zinc powder (sheet). Zinc ine simba rekuderedza kupfuura goridhe. Kana zinc powder kana zinc sheet zvikawedzerwa mumvura yakapfuma, panoitika shanduko. Chemical reaction equation ndeiyi: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). Goridhe rinobviswa kubva mugoridhe-cyanide complex ne zinc uye rinobuda muchimiro chezvimedu zvakasimba. Mushure mekushanduka kwekushanduka, musanganiswa we solid-liquid unoseferwa kuti uwane goridhe-ine zvinhu zvakasimba, izvo zvinozogadziriswazve kuti zvinyungudutswe.

2. Nzira yeActivated Carbon Adsorption : Imwe nzira ndeye activated Carbon adsorption. Activated carbon ine nzvimbo yakakura uye ine simba rakasimba re adsorption. Mvura yakapfuma inopfuudzwa nepakoramu yakazadzwa ne Activated Carbon . Macomplex egoridhe-cyanide ari mumushonga anonamirwa pamusoro pe activated carbon. Mushure mekunamirwa, activated carbon ine adsorbed gold (yakanamirwa - kabhoni) inoparadzaniswa nemushonga. Zvadaro, loaded carbon inorapwa. Kazhinji, desorption solution (yakadai semusanganiswa we sodium hydroxide neSodium Cyanide ) inoshandiswa kubvisa goridhe kubva mu activated carbon patembiricha yakati uye kumanikidzwa. Desorbed gold-ine solution inozoshandiswa electrolyze kuti iwane goridhe.

3.6 Mabatirwo eMaswe uye Waste Liquids

1. Kurapa Kubviswa Kwetsvina : Mushure mekudzorerwa kwegoridhe, masero asara achiri ne cyanide nezvimwe tsvina. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa pakuchengetedza nharaunda, masero asara anofanira kugadziriswa. Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa ndeyekuwedzera ma reagents akadai se sodium metabisulfite ne copper sulfate kumasero kuti abvise cyanide. Mushure mekurapwa, masero anogona kuchengetwa zvakanaka kana kugadziriswa zvakare.

2. Kurapa Marara - Mvura : Marara - mvura inogadzirwa panguva yekuvhiyiwa iyi ine cyanide nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Inofanira kugadziriswa kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai se chemical precipitation, ion exchange, uye biological treatment kuderedza huwandu hwezvinhu zvinokuvadza kuti zvisvike pamitemo yenyika yekubuda kwemarara isati yaburitswa.

4. Mhedziso

Iyo cyanidation vat leaching nzira ine yakasarudzika inoshanda muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe, kunyanya kune yakatsetseka - yakaomeswa, yakaderera - giredhi, uye yakaderera - permeability goridhe ores. Kuburikidza nenhevedzano yematanho akasimba ekuita, nzira iyi inogona kunyatsoburitsa goridhe kubva mu ores. Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nekuda kwekushandiswa kwecyanide mukuita, kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunofanirwa kutorwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwevashandi uye kuderedza kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza tekinoroji yemigodhi, kumwe kuvandudzwa uye kukwidziridzwa kwemaitiro aya kunotarisirwa kuvandudza kugona kwekuchera goridhe uye kuderedza mutengo uchichengetedza hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza.