Sodium Cyanide: Iyo Yakakosha Kemikari muIndasitiri

ziviso

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) chinhu chakakosha muzvinhu zvisina makemikari munzvimbo yakakura yezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemakemikari. Nehunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana, inoita basa risingatsivike muzvikamu zvakawanda zvemaindasitiri. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa hunhu, mashandisirwo, kugadzirwa, uye kuchengetedzeka kweSodium cyanide , nechinangwa chekupa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwekemikari iyi inokosha.

Zvinhu zveSodium Cyanide

Proper Properties

Sodium cyanide inoonekwa sezvinhu zvichena zvecrystalline solids, mapundu, kana hupfu. Iine hygroscopic uye ine hwema hushoma hwema almond. Inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, ine inenge 0.4 kg yeSodium Cyanide yakasimba inokwanisa kunyungudika mu 1 kg yemvura pa 30 °C. Inewo kunyungudika mu ethanol. Musanganiswa uyu une huremu hwema hwe49.007 g/mol, nzvimbo yekunyungudika ye564 °C, uye nzvimbo yekufashaira ye1469 °C, ine kumanikidzwa kweutsi kwe0.1 kPa pa 800 °C.

Chemical Zvivakwa

Sodium cyanide isimbi yakasimba - munyu weasidhi isina simba. Mhinduro yayo yemvura inogona kuita crystallize kugadzira sodium cyanide hydrates ine imwe kana maviri mamorekuru emvura ari pasi pe1.34 °C. Kana tembiricha ikapfuura 34.7 °C, inorasikirwa nemvura inoumba crystallize uye inova munyu weanhydrous. Inoita crystallize nekukurumidza nemaacids, kunyangwe maacids asina simba zvakanyanya. Simbi dzakadai sesimbi, zinc, nickel, copper, cobalt, sirivha, uye cadmium dzinogona kunyungudika mu sodium cyanide solutions, zvichikonzera kuumbwa kwecyanides dzinoenderana . Kana paine okisijeni, inogona kunyungudutsa simbi dzinokosha dzakadai segoridhe nesirivha kuti igadzire munyu wakaoma. Haiwirirane nemaacids uye inogona kuita carbon dioxide. Mumhepo ine hunyoro kana mvura, inogona kuora. Kana yapiswa kana paine okisijeni, inogadzira magasi ane chepfu akadai sehydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, uye nitrogen oxides. Inoita crystallize zvakanyanya nema nitrates, nitrites, uye chlorates, zvichikonzera njodzi yekuputika.

Kushandiswa kweSodium Cyanide

Mining Indasitiri

Muindasitiri yeMigodhi , kunyanya mukuchera simbi dzinokosha dzakadai segoridhe nesirivha, sodium cyanide inonyanya kukosha. Maitiro ekugadzira cyanidation, anosanganisira kushandisa sodium cyanide solutions kunyungudutsa goridhe nesirivha kubva mumatombo, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekureruka kwayo uye mutengo wayo wakaderera. Pakirogiramu yega yega yegoridhe inogadzirwa, matani angangoita mana kusvika mashanu e sodium cyanide anogona kudiwa. Kudiwa kwe sodium cyanide mumunda uyu kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwemitengo yesimbi dzinokosha mumusika wepasi rose. Sezvo hupfumi hwepasi rose huchidzoka uye mitengo yesimbi dzinokosha ichikwira, kuwedzera kwemabasa ekuchera kunotungamira kudiwa kwakanyanya kwe sodium cyanide.

Kemikari Synthesis

1.Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

Sodium cyanide inoshanda sechinhu chakakosha mbishi mukugadzirwa kwemishonga. Inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yakajairika uye zvinowedzera zvekudya zvakadai sepenicillin, vitamini B6. folic acid, guanine, uye caffeine. Muindasitiri yemishonga, basa rayo mukugadzira chaiwo maumbirwo emakemikari mukati memamorekuru emishonga chinhu chakakosha, zvichibatsira zvakanyanya mukusimudzira nekugadzirwa kwemishonga inorapa zvirwere zvakasiyana.

2.Kugadzirwa kwePesticide

Muindasitiri yemishonga yezvipembenene, sodium cyanide inoshandiswa kugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene yakafanana neglyphosate, fenvalerate, paraquat, atrazine, uye isoprothiolane. Mishonga iyi inoita basa rinokosha mukudzivirira zvirimwa kubva kutumbuyu nemasora, zvichiita kuti pave nezvokudya zvakakwana. Nzira dzekugadzira dzinosanganisira sodium cyanide dzinogonesa kugadzirwa kwemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene inoshanda ine chaiwo makemikari zvinhu.

3.Synthesis yeZvimwe Mishonga Yemakemikari

Ndiyo chivakwa chikuru chekugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzeCyanides dzisina makemikari nedzeorganic . Uchishandisa sodium cyanide zvakananga, maCyanides asina makemikari akadai sesodium ferrocyanide, potassium ferrocyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, uye potassium thiocyanate anogona kugadzirwa. Munyika yeorganic cyanides, makemikari akaita secyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, benzyl cyanide, uye cyanuric chloride anogadzirwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwehydrogen cyanide kubva kusodium cyanide, zvigadzirwa zvakaita semethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisoheptanenitrile, nitrilotriacetic acid, uye glycolonitrile zvinogona kugadzirwa zvakare. Makemikari aya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, zvinosanganisira mapurasitiki, rabha, uye fibers.

Electroplating Indasitiri

Mu electroplating, sodium cyanide chinhu chakakosha mumagetsi ekugezera masimbi akaita semhangura, sirivheri, cadmium, uye zinc. Inogona kuderedza anodic polarization effect, ichiva nechokwadi chekuparara kweanode. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona kusimudzira cathodic polarization effect, ichibatsira kuwana yunifomu yesimbi yekuputira pamusoro peiyo workpiece. Izvi hazvingonatsidzire kusadzivirirwa kwezvikamu zvesimbi asiwo zvinowedzera kutaridzika kwavo, zvichiita kuti zvigadzirwa zve electroplated zvive zvinoyevedza uye zvinogara kwenguva refu.

Kugadzirwa kweSodium Cyanide

Kugadzirwa kwe sodium cyanide inzira yakaoma yemakemikari. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeye Andrussow maitiro, ayo anosanganisira kuita kwemethane, ammonia, uye oxygen pamusoro peplatinamu - rhodium catalyst pakupisa kwakanyanya. Imwe nzira ndeye Castner process, iyo inoshandisa kuita kwe sodium amide nekabhoni muchoto chemagetsi. Nekudaro, nekuda kwehupfu hwakanyanya uye njodzi dzinogona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza dze sodium cyanide, kugadzirwa kwayo kunodzorwa zvakanyanya nemadhipatimendi ehurumende akakodzera pasi rese. Vagadziri vanofanirwa kusangana nekuchengetedzeka kwakasimba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kuti vave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuenderera kugadzirwa kwekemikari iyi.

Kuchengetedza uye Kubata kweSodium Cyanide

Toxicity

Sodium cyanide ine chepfu zvakanyanya. Kunyangwe chidimbu chidiki, zvishoma se100 - 200 mg, chinogona kuuraya kana chikamwiwa, kufemerwa, kana kunyudzwa neganda. Kana yangopinda mumuviri wemunhu, inoburitsa cyanide ions (CN-), iyo ine hukama hwakasimba hweiyoni yesimbi mumasero. Izvi zvinokanganisa maitiro akajairwa oxidation mumaseru, zvichitungamira kune sero asphyxiation uye tishu hypoxia, zvichizoguma nerufu. Kunyanya kuratidzwa kunogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakadai sekushaya simba, dzungu, kutemwa nemusoro, kusvotwa, kuoma kwechipfuva, kutadza kufema zvakanaka, kurohwa nehana, uye kurasikirwa nepfungwa.

Safety Tsaona

1.Kuchengetedza

Sodium cyanide inofanira kuchengetwa munzvimbo inotonhorera, yakaoma, ine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka, kure nenzvimbo dzekupisa, kubatidza, uye maasidhi. Inofanirwa kuchengetwa mumidziyo yakavharwa zvakasimba yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakakodzera kudzivirira kuvuza uye kuita nenharaunda. Nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinofanirwa kunge dzakashongedzerwa nekuvuza - masisitimu ekuunganidza uye zviratidzo zveyambiro kudzivirira kubuda netsaona.

2.Kutakurwa

Panguva yekufambisa, sodium cyanide inofanira kutevedzera mitemo yakasimba. Mota dzekutakura dzakakosha dzine maficha akakodzera ekuchengetedza dzinodiwa. Mafambisirwo ezvifambiso anofanira kunyatsotariswa kudzivirira chero kurashikirwa netsaona. Zvirongwa zvekupindura zvechimbichimbi uye zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo kana paine mamiriro asingatarisirwe.

3.Kubata muIndustrial Settings

Vashandi vanobata sodium cyanide mumiti yemaindasitiri vanofanirwa kuwana kudzidziswa kwekuchengetedza. Vanofanira kupfeka zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakakodzera, zvinosanganisira zvinofema, zvipfeko zvinodzivirira, magirovhosi, uye magirazi. In - mashandiro echirimwa anofanirwa kutevedzera akasimba akajairwa maitiro ekushandisa kuderedza njodzi yekufumurwa. Kana pakadeuka kana kudonha, matanho ekukurumidzira anofanirwa kutorwa, sekushandisa hydrogen peroxide kuderedza sodium cyanide.

Kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza

Kurasa kwakashata kwesodium cyanide kana marara ayo anogona kuve nemhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza. Cyanide - ine tsvina nemarara inogona kusvibisa ivhu nemvura, ichiisa mungozi kurarama kwezvirimwa, mhuka, uye zvipenyu zvemumvura. Muindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe, semuenzaniso, yakawanda yecyanide - ine miswe inogadzirwa gore rega. Aya machira, kana akasatarisirwa zvakanaka, anogona kuunza njodzi dzenguva refu kwezvakatipoteredza. Naizvozvo, matanho akasimba ekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza uye matekinoroji ekurapa marara akakosha kudzikisa kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwe sodium cyanide - zvine chekuita nezviitiko.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide, pasinei nekuti ine chepfu yakawanda, ikemikari inokosha mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Hunhu hwayo hwemakemikari hwakasiyana hunoibvumira kutamba mabasa makuru mukubvisa simbi inokosha, kugadzira makemikari , uye kuisa electroplating. Zvisinei, nekuda kwenjodzi dzayo dzinogona kuitika kuhutano hwevanhu nenharaunda, mitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza uye maitiro ekubata akakodzera anofanirwa kutevedzwa mukugadzirwa kwayo, kutakurwa, kuchengetwa, uye kushandiswa. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, kuedza kunofanirwawo kuitwa kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzisingakuvadzi nharaunda kana maitiro akavandudzwa ekuderedza kuvimba nenjodzi dzinobatanidzwa nesodium cyanide uku ichiri kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekusimudzira maindasitiri.