Kunzwisisa Sodium Cyanide: Kushandisa, Njodzi, uye Mhedzisiro paUtano Hwevanhu

Sodium cyanide, muchetura wakanyanya nekemikari formula NaCN, inotorwa kubva Hydrocyanic Acid. Iyi crystalline powder isina ruvara inozivikanwa nekunyunguduka kwayo mumvura uye hunhu hwayo hunovava hunonhuhwirira hwemarumondi, kunyange zvazvo zvakakosha kuziva kuti havasi vose vanogona kuona kunhuhwirira uku-inenge 50% yevanhu vanoshaya simba rekuberekwa rekunhuhwidza. Komboni iyi haina kunyanya kugadzikana; boka recyano rinogona kubviswa nyore nyore nemaasidhi akasimba, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwehupfu. Uyezve, Sodium Cyanide inogona oxidize kana yaiswa kumhepo yakanyorova kana Glucose mhinduro, ndosaka glucose dzimwe nguva ichishandiswa sechinhu mushonga nokuda kwe cyanide poisoning.

Industrial Applications yeSodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide inonyanya kushandiswa mumigodhi nekugadzira maindasitiri, kunyanya mukuchera simbi dzinokosha segoridhe nesirivha. Mumaitiro aya, sodium cyanide zvigadziriso zvinoshanda sezvinokonzeresa, kufambisa oxidation yesimbi idzi, iyo isingagoni kuve yakananga oxidized neokisijeni. Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se cyanidation, yave iri dombo repakona rekucherwa kwegoridhe kweanopfuura zana, zvichibvumira kudzoreredzwa kwemasimbi anokosha kubva mumatombo.

Kunze kwemigodhi, Sodium cyanide inoshandiswa zvakare mu electroplating, kwainoshandiswa kuisa simbi pamusoro. Kubudirira kwayo mune izvi maindasitiri mashandisirwo kwaita kuti ive kemikari yakakosha, asi muchetura wayo unosimudza kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha uye kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza.

Njodzi dzehutano Dzakabatana neSodium Cyanide

Ngozi dze sodium cyanide haigoni kupfuudzwa. Kuratidzwa kune iyi komputa kunogona kutungamira kune yakanyanya hutano mhedzisiro, sezvo iri inhibitor ine simba yekufema kwemasero. Kana ikapinzwa, ikafemerwa, kana kuti yakanyura mukati meganda, sodium cyanide inogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kwemuviri kushandisa oxygen, zvichiita kuti pave nezviratidzo zvakadai semusoro, dzungu, kuvhiringika, uye muzviitiko zvakakomba, kurasikirwa nepfungwa kana kufa.

Iyo nzira yehupfu inosanganisira kusungwa kweiyo cyanide ion kune cytochrome c oxidase, iyo enzyme yakakosha mumitochondrial electron cheni yekufambisa. Kusunga uku kunodzivirira maseru kuti asashandise oxygen, achinyatsoavharisa padanho remasero. Kukurumidza kutanga kwezviratidzo kunoreva kuti kurapwa nekukasira kwakakosha mumamiriro ekufungidzirwa kuti ane chepfu yecyanide.

Zvitubu zveExposure

Nepo sodium cyanide ichinyanya kubatanidzwa nekushandiswa kwemaindasitiri, inogona kuwanikwawo mune zvakasiyana zvigadzirwa zvevatengi. Semuyenzaniso, zvimwe zvishongedzo zvekuchenesa zvishongo nemapolish zvinogona kunge zvine cyanide makomisheni, zvichiisa njodzi kune vashandisi kana zvikasabatwa nemazvo. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvehunyanzvi, zvakaita semhando dzakanangana dzegouache uye pendi yemvura, inogonawo kunge iine cyanide, zvichiratidza kukosha kwekuchenjerera pakati pevanyori nevanofarira.

Matanho Ekuchengetedza uye Antidotes

Tichifunga nezve huturu hwesodium cyanide, matanho akasimba ekuchengetedza akakosha munzvimbo dzaanoshandiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzidziswa kwakakodzera kwevashandi, kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira nayo (PPE), uye kuitwa kwemitemo yekupindura emergency. Muchiitiko chekutsvaga, kukurumidza kusvibiswa uye kupindira kwechiremba kunokosha.

Sezvambotaurwa, glucose inogona kushanda semushonga we cyanide chepfu, sezvo ichibatsira kudzoreredza kufema kwemasero. Mamwe maantidote anosanganisira hydroxocobalamin, iyo inosunga cyanide ions kuti iite isiri-chepfu yakaoma inogona kuburitswa nemuviri, uye sodium thiosulfate, iyo inofambisa kushandurwa kwecyanide kuita thiocyanate, muchetura ushoma.

Kunetseka Nezvakatipoteredza

Kushandiswa kwesodium cyanide mumigodhi nemamwe maindasitiri kwakasimudza kunetseka kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuburitswa netsaona kwecyanide mumhoteredzo kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro inoparadza pazvipenyu zvemuno, kunyanya zvipenyu zvemumvura. Kuteuka kwakashata kwe2000 Baia Mare cyanide muRomania, uko kwakaguma nekusvibiswa kwenzizi uye kufa kwezviuru zvehove, inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chakasimba chenjodzi dzinogona kuitika dzine chekuita nekemikari iyi.

Kudzikamisa njodzi idzi, nyika zhinji dzakaisa mirau yakasimba inodzora kushandiswa uye kuraswa kwesodium cyanide. Makambani anosungirwa kuve nehurongwa hwakakwana hwekutarisira njodzi munzvimbo, uye kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kuri kuongororwa kugadzira dzimwe nzira dzakachengeteka dzekuchera goridhe uye mamwe maapplication.

mhedziso

Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine simba uye inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana ine yakakosha maindasitiri ekushandisa, kunyanya muchikamu chemigodhi. Nekudaro, huturu hwayo hwepamusoro hunoisa njodzi dzakakomba dzehutano kuvanhu nenharaunda. Kunzwisisa zvivakwa, mashandisiro, uye njodzi yesodium cyanide kwakakosha pakuona kuchengetedzwa mukubata kwayo nekushandisa. Sezvo maindasitiri ari kuramba achitsvaga nzira dzakasimba dzekuchera simbi nekugadzirisa, dambudziko rinoramba riripo kuenzanisa izvi zvinodiwa nezvinodiwa kuchengetedza hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Kuenderera mberi kwekutsvaga uye kuedza kwekutonga kuchave kwakakosha mukugadzirisa matambudziko aya uye nekusimudzira maitiro akachengeteka mukushandiswa kwesodium cyanide.