Ukusetshenziswa kweSodium Cyanide Embonini Yedayi

Sodium i-cyanide, ikhemikhali enefomula ye-NaCN, idlala indima ebalulekile ku- Imboni Yokudayi. Isebenza njengempahla eluhlaza ebalulekile ekuhlanganisweni kodayi abahlukahlukene, okufaka isandla ezweni eliqhakazile nelinemibalabala yezindwangu, ukuphrinta, neminye imikhakha ehlobene.

1. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwemibala Ehlukahlukene

1.1 Odayi Ophuzi

I-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka ekuhlanganisweni kweYellow 139 kanye neYellow 150. Ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali okudala laba bodayi abaphuzi, I-Sodium Cyanide ubamba iqhaza ezinqubweni ezisiza ukwakha izakhiwo ezithile zamangqamuzana. Isibonelo, ingase isabele nezinye izinhlanganisela eziphilayo ukwethula amaqembu e-cyanide (-CN), abalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-chromophore (ingxenye ye-molecule ebhekele umbala wayo). Laba badayi abaphuzi bathola ukusetshenziswa okukhulu ekudayeni izindwangu, ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni imibala ephuzi egqamile futhi egqamile ezindwangu ezifana ukotini, usilika, nepolyester.

1.2 Indigo

I-Indigo, omunye wodayi owaziwa kakhulu futhi osetshenziswa kabanzi emlandweni, nayo ikweleta ukwakheka kwayo i-sodium cyanide. Indlela yokuhlanganisa ye-indigo ngokuvamile ihilela ukusabela lapho I-sodium cyanide isabela ngezinto zokuqala ezifanele, ngokuvamile ngochungechunge lokusabela kokufingqa nokuhamba ngamabhayisikili. Iqembu le-cyanide elethulwe yi-sodium cyanide lifakwa esakhiweni se-molecule ye-indigo, enikeza i-indigo isici sayo sombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ojulile. I-Indigo isetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yedenim, inika ama-jeans umthunzi wawo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

1.3 I-Phthalocyanine Blue (Hu Lan)

I-Phthalocyanine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Hu Lan, ingomunye udayi obalulekile ohlanganiswe ngosizo lwe-sodium cyanide. Ukwenziwa kodayi abasuselwe ku-phthalocyanine kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi. I-sodium cyanide isetshenziselwa ukwenza lula ukusabela okuholela ekwakhekeni kwesakhiwo esikhulu sendandatho ye-phthalocyanine. Ukuba khona kwamaqembu atholakala ku-cyanide ku-molecule kuthonya izakhiwo ze-elekthronikhi zodayi, okunquma umbala wawo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Odayi abaluhlaza be-Phthalocyanine baziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokungasheki kwabo okuhle kakhulu futhi basetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukumbozwa kwezimoto, ukufaka imibala kwamapulasitiki, noyinki wokuphrinta wekhwalithi ephezulu.

1.4 I-Fluorescent Whitening Agent VBL

I-Fluorescent Whitening Agent VBL isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ubumhlophe nokukhanya kwezindwangu nephepha. I-sodium cyanide iyi-reagent ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwayo. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, i-sodium cyanide ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni okwakha ukwakheka kwe-molecule ye-fluorescent whitening agent. Amaqembu ahlobene ne-cyanide abalulekile ekhonweni le-ejenti lokumunca ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet futhi liphinde likukhiphe njengokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okubonakalayo - okumhlophe, okunxephezela ngempumelelo i-tint ephuzi yezinto futhi izenze zibonakale zimhlophe.

1.5 I-Disperse Turquoise Blue GL

I-Disperse Turquoise Blue GL idayi edumile yamafayibha okwenziwa njenge-polyester. I-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni ukwakha amabhondi amakhemikhali adingekayo kanye nokuhlelwa kwamangqamuzana. Ngokusabela nezinye izinto eziphilayo, iqembu le-cyanide elivela ku-sodium cyanide liba yingxenye ebalulekile ye-molecule kadayi, okunomthelela kumbala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lo dayi ulungele kakhulu ukudaya izindwangu ze-polyester ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle zokusabalalisa emithonjeni ye-non-aqueous.

1.6 Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 60

Okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka 60. njengamanye amadayi amaningi, izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ekuhlanganiseni kwayo. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubandakanya i-sodium cyanide kusiza ekwakheni uhlaka lwamangqamuzana oluyingqayizivele olunikeza udayi umbala wawo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlukile. Isetshenziswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokudaya, kuhlanganise nalezo ezimbonini zendwangu nokunyathelisa, lapho kufunwa khona umthunzi wayo othize oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

2. Iqhaza Ekuphenduleni Kokuhlanganiswa Kwedayi

I-sodium cyanide isebenza ngezindlela eziningi ngesikhathi I-Dye SynthesisOkokuqala, ivame ukusebenza njenge-nucleophile. Ekuphenduleni kokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, i-cyanide ion (CN⁻) ingahlasela izikhungo ze-electrophilic kwamanye ama-molecule. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwe-indigo, i-cyanide ion ingahlasela i-a I-Carboni-yl - equkethe i-compound. Lokhu kuhlasela kwe-nucleophilic kuqala uchungechunge lwezimpendulo eziholela ekwakhekeni kwe-molecule ye-indigo.

Okwesibili, i-sodium cyanide ingabandakanyeka ekuphenduleni kwe-condensation. Ekuhlanganisweni kwe-phthalocyanine eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-cyanide - equkethe izinhlanganisela isabela nezinye izandulela ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwe-condensation, lapho ama-molecule amancane ekhishwa khona, futhi kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezinkulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amaqembu e-cyanide afaka isandla ekukhuleni kwe-phthalocyanine ring system.

3. Ukucatshangelwa Kwemvelo Nokuphepha

Nakuba i-sodium cyanide ibaluleke kakhulu embonini kadayi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo nakho kuza nokukhathazeka okubalulekile kwemvelo nokuphepha. I-sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu. Enqubweni yokukhiqiza udayi, izimiso zokuphepha eziqinile kufanele zibe khona ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukuvuza noma ukuchayeka kubasebenzi. Ukuphatha kahle, ukugcinwa, nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile.

Ngokombono wemvelo, noma imaphi amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa udayi equkethe i-sodium cyanide noma ukusabela kwayo ngemikhiqizo kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela. Uma ikhishwe ingelashiwe, i-cyanide - equkethe amanzi angcolile ingaba yingozi kakhulu empilweni yasemanzini. Ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-chemical oxidation, ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji, kanye ne-ion - ukushintshaniswa kuvame ukuqashwa ukuze kukhishwe i-cyanide emanzini angcolile ezimboni.

Sengiphetha, i-sodium cyanide iyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu embonini kadayi, eyenza ukukhiqizwa kodayi abaningi abamibalabala nabawusizo. Nokho, izingozi ezingase zibe khona kufanele zilawulwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Njengoba imboni iqhubeka nokuvela, imizamo cishe izogxila ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo ezizinzile neziphephile ezisasebenzisa izinzuzo ze-sodium cyanide ekuhlanganiseni udayi.