Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwegolide I-Cyanide Leaching: Amasu kanye Nemininingwane

Isingeniso

Gold i-cyanide i-leaching imile njengetshe lesisekelo embonini yezimayini zegolide, edume ngokusebenza kwayo ekukhipheni igolide ezitsheni. Ngokusebenzisa izixazululo ze-cyanide, le nqubo incibilikisa igolide, kube lula ukululama okulandelayo. Ukusebenza kwayo isikhathi eside kanye nerekhodi eliqinisekisiwe lenze kwaba ukukhetha okuthandwayo emisebenzini eminingi yezimayini. Kodwa-ke, embonini eqhutshwa ukusebenza kahle nokusimama, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwenqubo ye-cyanide leaching kubalulekile. Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kucubungula izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe Igolide le-cyanide leaching, ukuhlola kokubili ukulungiselelwa okuvamile kanye namasu aphambili.

Ukuqonda Inqubo yeGold Cyanide Leaching

Izisekelo zeCyanide Leaching

Ku-leaching yegolide ye-cyanide, i-cyanide ions (CN⁻) iphendula negolide lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo ukuze kwakhe igolide elincibilikayo - izakhiwo ze-cyanide. Ukusabela okuphelele kungenziwa lula njengokuthi:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Lokhu kusabela kwenzeka ngezinyathelo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, igolide likhishwa umoya-mpilo, bese igolide elixutshwe ne-oxidized lihlangana nama-ion cyanide ukuze lenze inkimbinkimbi encibilikayo. Inqubo yokucwilisa ingenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengasemathangeni amakhulu okuvuza - ukuvuzwa kwethangi (okusetshenziselwa insimbi yezinga eliphezulu noma i-concentrate) noma izinqwaba zokucwilisa inqwaba (efanele insimbi yezinga eliphansi).

Amapharamitha Abalulekile Athinta Ukusebenza Kwe-Leaching

1. I-Cyanide Concentration: Ukugcina ukugxila kwe-cyanide okufanelekile kubalulekile. Uma ukugxila kuphansi kakhulu, ukuncibilika kwegolide kungase kungaphelele. Ngokuphambene, ukugxila okuphezulu akukhulisi nje kuphela izindleko ze-cyanide kodwa futhi kubangela izingozi zemvelo. Kuma-ore amaningi, ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide ebangeni lika-0.05 - 0.1% kuvame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa lokhu kungahluka kuye ngezici ze-ore.

2. Ukutholakala komoyampilo: I-oksijeni iyisabeli esiyinhloko ekuphenduleni kwegolide - i-cyanide. Ukunikezwa komoyampilo owanele kungasheshisa kakhulu izinga lokuvuza. Ngokunyakaziswa - ukucwiliswa kwethangi, umoya noma umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile kungangeniswa emathangeni okuleaching. Isilinganiso se-cyanide nomoya-mpilo (CN⁻/O₂) siphinde sithinte indlela yokusabela. Lapho CN⁻/O₂ > 6. ukusabela kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko ukusabalalisa komoyampilo, kuyilapho uma i-CN⁻/O₂ < 6. kulawulwa ukusabalalisa kwe-cyanide.

3. Izinga le-pH: I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching idlala indima ebalulekile. Indawo ene-alkaline ephezulu (imvamisa i-pH 10 - 11) iyagcinwa ukuze kuvinjwe i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide ibe yi-hydrogen cyanide (HCN), igesi enobuthi futhi eguquguqukayo. I-Lime (CaO) ivame ukungezwa ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH.

4. Temperature: Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa kungathuthukisa izinga lokusabela. Kodwa-ke, ngokusebenza, izinga lokushisa ngokuvamile lilinganiselwe ku-25 - 40 ° C. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angaholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ngenxa yokusabela okuseceleni nokuhwamuka.

Amasu Okuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwe-Leaching

Ukuthuthukisa Amapharamitha wenqubo

1. Ukugaya kanye Nokulawula Usayizi Wezinhlayiya: Ukuqinisekisa ukugaywa okufanele kwensimbi kubalulekile. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezicolekile bubeka obala indawo engaphezulu yamaminerali anegolide esixazululweni secyanide, okwenza kube lula ukucwiliswa kwamanzi ngokushesha nangokuphelele. Isibonelo, emayini yegolide eNingizimu Afrika, ukwehlisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana zensimbi kusukela ku-75μm kuya ku-53μm kwandisa izinga lokutholwa kwegolide ngama-8% ohlelweni lokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide.

2. Ukunyakazisa kanye Nokuyaluza: Ekuvuzeni kwethangi elinyakaziswayo, ukunyakazisa okusebenzayo kuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezinhlayiya zensimbi, isixazululo secyanide, nomoya-mpilo ethangini. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-reactants futhi kuthuthukisa izinga lokuvuza. Amasistimu okunyakazisa athuthukile anezinjini eziguquguqukayo - isivinini singalungiswa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zensimbi kanye nezimo zokuvuza.

3. Leaching Time optimization: Ukunquma isikhathi esifanelekile sokukhipha ibhalansi. Ukucwiliswa kwamanzi isikhathi eside kungase kwenyuse ukutholakala kwegolide kodwa futhi kuholela ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kanye nezindleko zokusebenza. Ngokuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kanye nenqubo yokumodela, isikhathi esilungile sokuvuza singanqunywa ezinhlotsheni ze-ore ezihlukene. Kwamanye ama-ore esezingeni eliphezulu, isikhathi sokuvuza samahora angama-24 - 48 singanele, kanti kuma-ore ayinkimbinkimbi, singanwetshwa sibe amahora angama-72 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukusebenzisa Izithasiselo namaphromotha

1. Ama-oxidizing Agents: Ukwengezwa kwama-oxidizing agents njenge-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), i-sodium peroxide (Na₂O₂), noma i-calcium peroxide (CaO₂) ingathuthukisa ukucwiliswa kwegolide. Lawa ma-oxidants akhuphula okuqukethwe komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe ku-slurry futhi asheshise i-oxidation yegolide. Isibonelo, ocwaningweni lwetshe legolide eliphikisayo e-Australia, ukungeza i-H₂O₂ ekuhlanganiseni kwe-ore engu-2 kg/t kukhuphule izinga lokuvuza kwegolide lisuka ku-70% laya ku-85% ngesikhathi esifanayo sokugezwa.

2. I-Heavy Metal Salts: Abanye osawoti bensimbi esindayo, njengosawoti omthofu (isb, Pb(NO₃)₂), bangasebenza njengabagqugquzeli enqubweni yokukhishwa kwe-cyanide. Bakha amaseli e-galvanic wendawo ngegolide, asheshisa ukuqedwa kwegolide. Esitshalweni saseCanada se-cyanide, ukungeza i-Pb(NO₃)₂ kusize ukugcina ukugxila okuhle kwe-oxygen encibilikile kumjikelezo we-cyanide futhi kwanqoba imiphumela emibi yamaminerali e-sulfide ku-cyanidation.

3. Ama-ejenti ayinkimbinkimbi: Ama-complexing agents afana ne-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) angasetshenziswa ukuze ahlambuluke ngokungcola kwe-ore, njengethusi, i-zinc, ne-iron ions. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuncintisana kwalokhu kungcola ngegolide kuma-ion cyanide, ukuthuthukisa igolide Leaching ukusebenza kahle.

I-Advanced Leaching Technologies

1. I-oksijini - I-Leaching Ecebile: Eyaziwa nangokuthi yinqubo ye-CIG (Carbon - in - Gold) oxygenation, le ndlela ihlanganisa ukugcwalisa umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile ethangini elimanzi esikhundleni somoya ocindezelwe. Ukwanda kwe-oksijini encibilikisiwe ku-slurry kusheshisa kakhulu isivinini sokuvuza. I-oksijeni - i-leaching enothile inganciphisa isikhathi sokuvuza kuze kufike ku-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuphefumula zendabuko futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokucwiliswa kwegolide ngo-10 - 20%.

2. I-Pressure Leaching: I-pressure cyanide leaching yenziwa emkhunjini wokucindezela. Ukwandisa ingcindezi kuthuthukisa ukunyibilika komoya-mpilo ne-cyanide esixazululweni futhi kusheshisa izinga lokusabela. Ngengcindezi ye-2 × 10⁵ Pa, izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide lingaba izikhathi ezingu-10 - 20 ngaphansi kwengcindezi evamile. Lobu buchwepheshe busebenza kakhulu kuma-refractory gold ores.

3. I-Ultrasonic - Ukukhishwa Okusizwayo: Amagagasi e-Ultrasonic angethulwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhishwa. Amandla e-ultrasonic adala ama-bubbles e-cavitation esigabeni se-liquid, esiwa futhi sikhiqize ukucindezela okuphezulu nokushisa okuphezulu - izindawo ezincane. Lokhu kusiza ukuhlanza ingaphezulu lezinhlayiya zegolide, ukudiliza ungqimba olusakazwayo ezizungeze izinhlayiya, futhi kukhuthaze ukungena kwesixazululo se-cyanide ku-ore, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokugeleza.

Ukuqapha Nokulawula Inqubo

1. Abahlaziyi be-inthanethi: Ukusebenzisa abahlaziyi be-inthanethi bemingcele efana nokugxiliswa kwe-cyanide, okuqukethwe komoyampilo, i-pH, nokugxiliswa kwegolide ku-leachate kuvumela ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela senqubo yokugezwa. Isibonelo, isihlaziyi se-cyanide esiku-inthanethi singathola izinguquko ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide ngamasekhondi, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi balungise izinga lokungezwa kwe-cyanide ngokushesha.

2. Okuzenzakalelayo Control Systems: Amasistimu okulawula azenzakalelayo angasetshenziswa ukulawula ukuguquguquka kwenqubo ngokusekelwe kudatha evela kubahlaziyi be-inthanethi. Isibonelo, ukungezwa kwe-cyanide, i-lime, nama-oxidizing agents kungalungiswa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuya ngamavelu asethiwe wokugxilwa kwe-cyanide kanye ne-pH. Lokhu kunciphisa iphutha lomuntu futhi kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile nokusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokucwilisa.

Isiphetho

Ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucwiliswa kwe-cyanide yegolide kuwumsebenzi onezici eziningi obandakanya ukwenza ngcono imingcele yenqubo yendabuko, ukusebenzisa izithasiselo namaphromotha, ukwamukela. Ubuchwepheshe be-leaching obuphambili, kanye nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezisebenzayo zokuqapha nokulawula. Ngokusebenzisa la masu, imisebenzi yezimayini ingathuthukisa izinga lokutholwa kwegolide, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide, futhi ithuthukise ukusimama kwezomnotho kanye nemvelo kukonke. Njengoba imboni yezimayini zegolide iqhubeka nokuvela, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-cyanide leaching kuzobaluleka ukuhlangabezana nezinselele zensimbi eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nemithethonqubo yemvelo.