Iqhaza Le-Sodium Cyanide Ekuphrinteni Izindwangu kanye Nokudaya

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN), ikhemikhali enesisindo sama-molecule esingu-49.007 g/mol, iyi-crystalline solid emhlophe. Inobuthi obukhulu futhi idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela okukhulu. Naphezu kobuthi bayo, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima eminingana ebalulekile embonini yokunyathelisa nokufaka udayi . Lesi sihloko sizohlola le misebenzi ngokuningiliziwe, kanye nokucatshangelwa mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo.

Imisebenzi Yokuphrinta Izindwangu kanye Nokudaya

1. I-Mordant Ezinqubweni Zokudaya

Ekudayini kwendwangu, i -mordant iyisithako esisetshenziswa ukusiza amadayi ukuthi anamathele endwangu. I-sodium cyanide ingasebenza njenge-mordant ezinqubweni ezithile zokudayi. Yakha ama-complexes anama-ion ensimbi akhona kwamanye amadayi kanye nemicu yendwangu. Isibonelo, uma kwenzeka amadayi emvelo aqukethe ama-chromophores ensimbi (ingxenye ye-molecule ephethe umbala), i-Sodium Cyanide ingathuthukisa ukubopha phakathi kwedayi kanye ne-fiber. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ion ye-cyanide (CN⁻) inobuhlobo obuqinile nama-ion ensimbi. Ingakha ama-complexes okuxhumana, okugcina kuvala igebe phakathi kwedayi kanye nendwangu, okuholela ekudayini okuqinile nombala futhi okuhlala isikhathi eside.

2. Ukwenziwa Kwemicu Yezindwangu

Cishe zonke izintambo zokwenziwa ezisetshenziswa embonini yezindwangu zithembele ku -Sodium cyanide ngesikhathi senqubo yazo yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwe-nylon, enye yezintambo zokwenziwa ezivame kakhulu, i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwe-adiponitrile, okuyi-intermediate ebalulekile. Indlela yokusabela ihilela ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukwethula amaqembu e-nitrile. Endabeni yezintambo ze-polyester, yize inqubo iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ivame ukuhilela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuhlukile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-nylon, i-sodium cyanide isengabandakanyeka ekwakhiweni kwezinye zezinto zokuqala noma kwezinye izinqubo ze-catalytic. Lezi zintambo zokwenziwa zisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezindwangu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezifiselekayo njengamandla, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nemibimbi, futhi i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwayo.

3. Ukukhiqizwa Kodayi

I-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni odayi abahlukahlukene abasetshenziselwa ukuphrinta izindwangu nokudaya. Isebenza njengento eluhlaza ekuhlanganisweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zamadayi, ikakhulukazi lawo anezakhiwo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni abanye odayi abasebenzayo, abasetshenziswa kakhulu ukudaya imicu ye-cellulosic njengokotini, i-sodium cyanide ingase ihileleke enqubweni ye-multi-step synthesis. Odayi abasebenzayo bakha izibopho eziqinile nama-molecule e-fiber ngesikhathi sokudaya, okunikeza umbala omuhle kakhulu. Izinhlanganisela eziqukethe i-cyanide zingasetshenziswa ukwakha amaqembu asebenzayo ngaphakathi kwe-molecule kadayi anesibopho salokhu kwakheka kwebhondi eqinile.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kanye nemvelo

Uma kubhekwa ubuthi bayo obuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide embonini yendwangu kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile. Ukuhogela umoya, ukuthinta isikhumba, noma ukumunca ngisho nenani elincane le-sodium cyanide kungaba yingozi kubantu. Kungabangela amaseli ukuthi angakwazi ukusebenzisa umoya-mpilo, okuholela ekufeni kwamangqamuzana ngokushesha futhi ekugcineni, uma umthamo owanele umuncwa, ukufa komuntu ngamunye.

Ngokombono wemvelo, ukulahlwa ngendlela efanele kwanoma iyiphi imfucuza equkethe i-sodium cyanide kubalulekile. Uma ikhishelwa emanzini, i-sodium cyanide ingasebenza ku-hydrolyze yakhe igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, nayo enobuthi obudlulele futhi engaba usongo empilweni yasemanzini kanye ne-ecosystem ezungezile. Emazweni amaningi, kunemithetho nemithetho eqinile elawula ukugcinwa, ukuphathwa nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide ezindaweni zezimboni, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokunyathelisa nezindwangu zokudaya. Le mithethonqubo ihlose ukunciphisa ubungozi bezingozi nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.

Isiphetho

I-sodium cyanide, naphezu kobuthi bayo obaziwa kahle, idlala indima ebalulekile ekunyatheliseni kwendwangu kanye nokudaya, kusukela ekwenzeni udayi - ukubopha kwendwangu njenge-mordant ibe yingxenye ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni imicu yendwangu kanye nodayi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu kanye nezingozi ezingase zibe khona kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kufanele kuqashelwe futhi kulawulwe ngokucophelela. Njengoba imboni yezindwangu iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa ezinye izinqubo namakhemikhali angafinyelela imiphumela efanayo ngaphandle kwezingozi ezihlobene nokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide.