I-sodium cyanide vs. Ama-ejenti avuzayo avumelana nemvelo: Ukuhlaziywa Okuqhathanisayo

I. Isingeniso

Emkhakheni we izimayini zegolide, ukukhetha kwe i-ejenti yokuhlanza idlala indima ebalulekile enqubweni yokukhipha. I-sodium cyanide sekuyisikhathi eside iyindlela - ukukhetha ukukhishwa kwegolide ngenxa yokuphumelela kwayo ekuncibilikiseni igolide ezinsimbini. Nokho, ngokugxila okwandayo ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme, izinhlobo ezintsha ze ama-leaching agents anobungani bemvelo kuvele njengezinye izindlela. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuqhathanisa ngokuphelele i-sodium cyanide kanye nama-ejenti angcolisa imvelo avela ezicini eziningi, kuhlanganisa nokwakheka kwawo, isivinini sokuvuza, ukusetshenziswa, izinga lokutakula, umthelela wendawo, kanye nezidingo zokuhamba. Ngokwenza kanjalo, sithemba ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile embonini yezimayini zegolide ukuze yenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nokukhetha i-ejenti yokubolekisa ngemali.

II. Ukwakheka

2.1 I-Sodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide iyinhlanganisela yamakhemikhali enefomula ye-NaCN. Iqukethe i-98% ye-sodium cyanide ehlanzekile. Njengesisekelo esiqinile futhi esibuthakathaka - usawoti we-asidi, unezici ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo. Ngokomzimba, kubonakala njengamatshe aqinile ekristalu amhlophe, athambekele ekubeni ne-deliquescence, okusho ukuthi imunca kalula umswakama ovela emoyeni. Iphinde ibe ne-alimondi ebabayo ecishe ifane - njengephunga. Ngokomakhemikhali, iyasebenza kakhulu. I-hydrolyzes emanzini ukuze yakhe i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) ne-sodium hydroxide, isixazululo sibe yi-alkaline enamandla. I-sodium cyanide ingasabela ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, njengensimbi, i-zinc, i-nickel, ithusi, i-cobalt, isiliva, ne-cadmium, ukuze yakhe i-cyanide yensimbi ehambisanayo. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, ingancibilika ngempumelelo izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva, yenze usawoti oqinile ozinzile, okuyisisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwawo kakhulu embonini yezimayini zegolide ukuze kukhishwe igolide. Nokho, inobuthi kakhulu. Ngisho nenani elincane, lapho limuncwa ngokuthinta isikhumba, ngokuhogela umoya, noma ngokuligwinya, lingabulala abantu nezinye izinto eziphilayo.

2.2 Imvelo - Ama-ejenti aLeaching anobungane

Imvelo - ama-agent asebenzisa ukucwilisa amanzi afika ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, futhi okuqanjwe kwawo kuklanyelwe ukuzuza ukukhishwa kwegolide okuphumelelayo kuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela wendawo. Isibonelo, indawo ethile evamile - ama-leaching agents anobungane aqukethe ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-glycine ne-sodium iodide. I-Glycine, njenge-amino acid elula, ayinabo ubuthi emvelweni nakubantu. Enkambweni yokukhishwa kwe-leaching, ingakwazi ukwakha izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinama-ion egolide, okwenza kube lula ukuchithwa kwegolide ku-ores. I-sodium iodide nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Ama-ion e-iodide angabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-redox kanye nezinqubo zokwakheka eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwegolide. Lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-ejenti yokucwilisa. Ukuba khona kwezithako ezinjalo akunikezi kuphela amandla okukhishwa kwegolide okuphumelelayo kodwa futhi kunciphisa ingozi engaba khona endaweni ezungezile uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sodium cyanide evamile. Ukwengeza, amanye ama-ejenti okukhipha amanzi anobungane endaweni ezungezile angase aqukathe ezinye izithasiselo noma ama-chelating agents akhethwe ngokucophelela ukuze kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokucwilisa, njengezinto ezingalungisa inani le-pH lesixazululo sokucwilisa, ukulawula ukunyibilika kwama-ion ensimbi, noma ukuthuthukisa ukukhetha kwe-ejenti yokucwilisa egolideni.

III. Leaching Rate

3.1 Ukusebenza kweSodium Cyanide

Izinga le-leaching ye-sodium cyanide lihamba kancane. Enqubweni yokukhipha igolide kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide, ukusabela phakathi kwe-sodium cyanide negolide ku-ore kuthintwa izici eziningi. Isibonelo, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-ore kungakhinyabeza izinga lokusabela. Uma insimbi iqukethe inani elikhulu lamaminerali e-sulfide, njenge-pyrite ( ), i-sulfide ingasabela ngomoya-mpilo emoyeni nasemanzini ukuze yakhe i-sulfuric acid nezinye izinto. Le ndawo ene-asidi ingasheshisa i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide, ekhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide ( ), engagcini nje ngokubangela ukulahlekelwa kwe-sodium cyanide kodwa futhi inciphisa ukugxila okusebenzayo kwe-ejenti yokucwilisa esixazululweni, ngaleyo ndlela yehlise izinga lokuvuza kwegolide. Ukwengeza, usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-ore nawo unomthelela ophawulekayo. Izinhlayiya ze-ore ezinosayizi omkhulu zinendawo encane - indawo - kuya - kwisilinganiso sevolumu, okusho ukuthi indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwe-sodium cyanide negolide ku-ore inomkhawulo. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokusabela liyancipha, futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside ukufeza izinga elithile lokukhishwa kwegolide. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimayini zegolide zendabuko zisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide leaching, inqubo yokucwilisa ingathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuya emavikini ukuqedwa, okungagcini nje ngokwandisa umjikelezo wokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kukhuphule izindleko zokukhiqiza.

3.2 Ukusebenza Kwendawo Ezungezile - Ama-ejenti Wokuqashisa anobungane

Imvelo - ama-ejenti okukhipha amanzi anobungane ngokuvamile abonisa izinga lokuvuza ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa ne-sodium cyanide. Thatha ama-leaching agents aqukethe i-glycine ne-sodium iodide njengesibonelo. I-Glycine ingakha izakhiwo ezizinzile ezinama-ion egolide ngokusebenzisa amaqembu ayo e-amino ne-carboxyl. Ukwakheka kwalezi zinkimbinkimbi kuyinqubo eshesha kakhulu. Lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo, i-glycine ingasabela ngokushesha ngegolide ensimbi ukuze incibilike. I-sodium iodide nayo idlala indima ebalulekile. Ama-ion e-iodide angabamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-redox, akhuthaze ukuxutshwa kwegolide. Inhlanganisela yalezi zinto ezimbili ingasheshisa kakhulu inqubo yokucwilisa. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ezivivinyweni eziningi, lapho usebenzisa indawo enjalo - ama-ejenti ahlanzekile e-leaching, isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe izinga eliphezulu lokukhishwa kwegolide sifushane kakhulu kunesodium cyanide. Isibonelo, ezimweni ezithile, isikhathi se-leaching singancishiswa ngesigamu noma ngaphezulu. Lesi silinganiselo esisheshayo sokukhipha amanzi asigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kodwa futhi sivumela izinkampani zezimayini ukuthi zithole imikhiqizo yegolide ngokushesha okukhulu, kusheshiswe umjikelezo wokushintshaniswa kwemali enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ethile - ama-leaching agents anobungane aklanyelwe ukuthi avumelane nezimo ezihlukahlukene ze-ore. Bangakwazi ukukhipha ngempumelelo igolide kuma-ore anezinhlanganisela eziyinkimbinkimbi, balondoloze izinga lokucwiliswa okuphezulu kakhulu, okuyinzuzo i-sodium cyanide engenayo.

IV. Izinga Lokusebenzisa

Ngokwezinga lokusetshenziswa, i-sodium cyanide kanye nemvelo - ama-leaching agents anobungane ayaqhathaniswa.

4.1 Ukusetshenziswa Kwesodium Cyanide

Enqubweni yokukhipha igolide kusetshenziswa i-sodium cyanide, ukusetshenziswa kuthintwa yizici eziningi. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi kuyisici esibalulekile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma insimbi inenani elikhulu lezinsimbi ezingasabela nge-sodium cyanide, njengethusi, i-zinc, nensimbi, lezi zinsimbi zizoqhudelana negolide nge-sodium cyanide. Ama-ion e-copper ku-ore angasabela nge-sodium cyanide ukuze akhe ama-copper cyanide complexes. Isibalo sokusabela sithi . Lokhu akuholeli nje kuphela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-sodium cyanide kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukugxila kwayo okusebenzayo ekucwilisweni kwegolide. Kwezinye izimo, lapho i-ore inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinsimbi ezinjalo eziphazamisayo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kungakhula kakhulu. Ukwengeza, ukuba khona kwamaminerali athile njengama-sulfide nakho kungathinta ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Amaminerali e-sulfide angasabela nge-oxygen emoyeni nasemanzini ukuze enze i-sulfuric acid nezinye izinto endaweni yokudoba. Le ndawo ene-asidi ingasheshisa i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide, ekhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide ( ), ebangela ukulahlekelwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kanye nama-ores anezingoma ezizinzile, izinga lokusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide liye lafundwa kahle futhi lasungulwa embonini. Isibonelo, emsebenzini ojwayelekile wokumba igolide onohlobo oluthile lwe-ore, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kungase kulingane nenani elithile ngethani ngalinye lensimbi ecutshungulwayo, okusebenza njengesithenjwa sezinkampani zezimayini ukuze zihlele futhi zilawule ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwe-reagent.

4.2 Ukusetshenziswa Kwendawo Ezungezile - Ama-ejenti aLeaching anobungane

Imvelo - ama-leaching agents anobungane, naphezu kokwakheka kwawo okuhlukene kwamakhemikhali, anezinga lokusetshenziswa elifana nelesodium cyanide. Thatha i-glycine - and - sodium - iodide - based leaching agents njengesibonelo. I-Glycine, nakuba ingenabo ubuthi futhi inomshini wokusabela ohlukile uma iqhathaniswa ne-sodium cyanide, isabela ngokwe-stoichiometrically negolide ku-ore. Amaqembu e-carboxyl nama-amino e-glycine angakha ama-complexes ane-ion yegolide. Inqubo yokusabela izinzile, futhi inani le-glycine elidingekayo ukuze kuncibilikiswe inani elithile legolide linqunywa i-chemical reaction equation. I-sodium iodide nayo ibamba iqhaza ekuphenduleni, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhlobene nokusabela kwe-redox kanye nezinqubo zokwakheka ezihilelekile kuzo. Ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemvelo - i-leaching agent enobungane iyisamba sokusetshenziswa kwengxenye ngayinye. Ezinhlelweni eziningi ezisebenzayo nasekuhloleni, kutholwe ukuthi lapho kuphathwa inani elifanayo le-ore ngokuqukethwe kwegolide okufanayo nezici, inani lendawo esetshenziswayo - i-ejenti yokuhlanza enobungane elisetshenziswayo liyalingana nelesodium cyanide. Lokhu kufana kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kunenzuzo ezinkampanini zezimayini njengoba kuvumela izinguquko ezingenazihibe mayelana nokuhlelwa kokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko - ukulinganisa uma kucatshangelwa ukushintsha isuka ku-sodium cyanide iye kwezinye izindlela ezivumelana nemvelo. Kusho ukuthi abadingi ukwenza izinguquko ezinqala kumasu abo okuphatha - ukuthenga nokusungula - ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu kumazinga okusetshenziswa.

V. Izinga Lokubuyisela

5.1 Izinga Lokubuyisela I-Sodium Cyanide

Izinga lokutholwa kwe-sodium cyanide ekukhishweni kwegolide selisungulwe kahle embonini yezimayini zegolide ngokuzijwayeza nocwaningo lwesikhathi eside. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele kanye nezinhlobo ezithile ze-ores, i-sodium cyanide ingafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okutholwa kwegolide. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimayini zegolide eziphethwe kahle ezine-ore efanelekile ngokuqhathaniswa ne-sodium cyanide leaching, izinga lokubuyisela lingafinyelela ku-95% noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ezimeni eziningi zangempela zomhlaba, izinga lokutakula langempela lingase libe phansi. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ukuba khona kwezinye izinsimbi ku-ore kungathinta kakhulu izinga lokubuyisela. Uma insimbi iqukethe inani elikhulu lethusi, i-zinc, noma insimbi, lezi zinsimbi zizosabela nge-sodium cyanide, zidle i-ejenti yokucwilisa futhi zinciphise inani elitholakalayo lokucwiliswa kwegolide. Ngenxa yalokho, izinga lokuthola igolide lingase lehle. Ukwengeza, izimo zokusebenza ezingafanele, njengokulawulwa kwenani le-pH okungalungile, ukunikezwa komoyampilo okunganele, noma isivinini esingafanele sokuyaluza phakathi nenqubo yokucwilisa, kungase futhi kuholele ekwehleni kwezinga lokutakula. Isibonelo, uma inani le-pH lesisombululo se-leaching liphansi kakhulu, i-hydrolysis ye-sodium cyanide izosheshiswa, okuzoholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-ejenti yokucwilisa kanye nokuncipha kokugxilisa okusebenzayo kokuncibilika kwegolide, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte izinga lokutholwa.

5.2 Izinga Lokubuyiselwa Kwendawo Ezungezile - Ama-ejenti Avuzayo anobungane

Izinga lokubuyiselwa kwemvelo - ama-leaching agents anobungane aqhathaniswa nesodium cyanide. Imvelo - ama-leaching agents anobungane angafinyelela izinga lokululama elicishe libe ngu-90 - 95% walelo le-sodium cyanide. Thatha i-glycine - and - sodium - iodide - based leaching agents njengesibonelo. Ezivivinyweni zaselabhorethri nakwezinye izivivinyo zensimu, lapho kwelashwa ama-ores anezici ezifanayo, lezi zindawo ezizungezile - ama-ejenti ahlanzekile abonise ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ekukhishweni kwegolide. Nakuba izilinganiso zabo zokuthola kabusha ziphansi kancane kunalezo ze-sodium cyanide kwezinye izimo, zisengaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo. Isibonelo, emayini ethile yegolide lapho insimbi inokwakheka okulula uma kuqhathaniswa, ngemva kokushintsha isuka ku-sodium cyanide iye endaweni ezungezile - i-ejenti yokucwilisa enobungane, izinga lokutholwa kwegolide lehla lisuka ku-93% (nge-sodium cyanide) laya ku-90% (ngemvelo - i-ejenti yokuhlanza enobungane), ukwehla ngamaphesenti amathathu kuphela amaphuzu. Lo mehluko omncane wezinga lokululama uvamise ukuxazululwa yizinzuzo eziningi zemvelo - ama-agent asebenzisa ukudoba anobungane, njengobungani bawo bemvelo, isivinini sokuvuza ngokushesha, nezinga elifanayo lokusebenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo kanye nentuthuko, ukusebenza kwemvelo - ama-ejenti wokudoba anobungane athuthuka njalo. Ososayensi basebenzela ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwalawa ma-ejenti abolekisayo, bengeza izithasiselo ezintsha noma ukulungisa izilinganiso zezingxenye ezikhona ukuze baqhubeke nokwandisa amanani abo okuthola igolide. Ngenxa yalokhu, igebe emazingeni okuthola kabusha phakathi kwemvelo - ama-ejenti anobungane we-leaching kanye ne-sodium cyanide kulindeleke ukuthi linciphe nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo.

VI. Umthelela Wezemvelo

6.1 Izingozi zeSodium Cyanide

I-sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu futhi ibeka engcupheni enkulu emvelweni. Uma i-sodium cyanide isetshenziswa ezimayini zegolide, umsila ovelayo uqukethe inani elithile lensalela ye-sodium cyanide nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Uma ingelashwanga kahle, lezi zinsalela zingaba nochungechunge lwemithelela engemihle. Isibonelo, kwezinye izimo lapho ama-tailings ekhishelwa emanzini, i-sodium cyanide emsila ingancibilika emanzini, ikhiphe ama-ion e-cyanide anobuthi obukhulu. Lawa ma ion e-cyanide angasabelana nama-ion ensimbi emanzini ukuze akhe izinhlobonhlobo zensimbi - i-cyanide complexes, eyingozi kakhulu ezintweni eziphila emanzini. Ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi kakhulu, i-cyanide ingavimbela ama-enzyme okuphefumula ezinhlanzi nezinye izilwane zasemanzini, okuholela ekufeni kwazo. Kungase futhi kuphazamise ibhalansi evamile yemvelo yomzimba wamanzi, kuthinte ukukhula nokukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-plankton, izitshalo zasemanzini, nezinye izinto eziphilayo emazingeni aphansi ochungechunge lokudla, ekugcineni kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zayo yonke i-ecosystem yasemanzini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ama-tailings aqukethe i-sodium cyanide ashiywe emoyeni ovulekile, angaguguleka umoya nemvula. I-cyanide - equkethe izinto emisileni ingathwalwa ngamanzi emvula iwayise enhlabathini eseduze nasezinhlelweni zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kungangcolisa umhlabathi, kunciphise ukuvunda kwenhlabathi futhi kuthinte ukukhula kwezitshalo. I-Cyanide ingangena futhi emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, yenze amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angakufanelekeli ukusetshenziselwa abantu nokunisela ngenkasa kwezolimo. Kwezinye izifunda lapho kunezimayini zegolide ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide, ukubhekwa kwemvelo isikhathi eside kubonise ukuthi inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ezindaweni ezizungezile angcoliswe ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, anezinga eliphakeme le-cyanide nezinsimbi ezisindayo, okunomthelela omubi wesikhathi eside endaweni ezungezile yendawo kanye nezimo zokuphila kwabantu.

6.2 Izinzuzo Zendawo Ezungezile - Ama-ejenti Okufundisa anobungane

Imvelo - ama-leaching agents anobungane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, anikeza ubungane obuhle bemvelo. Ngemva kwenqubo yokukhipha igolide kusetshenziswa la ma-ejenti, umsila ovelayo unomthelela ophansi kakhulu emvelweni. Isibonelo, indawo ethile - ama-leaching agents anobungane awaqukethe izinto ezinobuthi obuphezulu njenge-sodium cyanide. Lapho izisila zikhishwa noma zicutshungulwa ngokuqhubekayo, mancane amathuba okuthi zidale ukungcoliswa okukhulu endaweni ezungezile. Eqinisweni, kwezinye izimo, ama-tailings aphathwa ngendawo ethile - ama-leaching agents anobungane angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa inhlabathi. Isibonelo, kweminye imiklamo yokuhlola, izinsalela eziphuma ekukhishweni kwegolide kusetshenziswa imvelo - ama-ejenti avuzayo anobungane atholakale elungele ukutshalwa kwenhlabathi ngemva kokwelashwa okufanele. Lezi zinsalela zingaxutshwa neminye inhlabathi - izinto ezithuthukisayo futhi zifakwe emhlabathini. Izinto ezisezinsikeni zingasiza ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, kwandise i-porosity yomhlabathi, futhi kuthuthukise amandla okubamba amanzi. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi ingenziwa ifanelekele ukukhula kwezitshalo, futhi izitshalo nezitshalo ezihlukahlukene zingatshalwa ngempumelelo kuwo. Lokhu akunciphisi nje kuphela umthwalo wemvelo wokulahlwa kwezinsalela kodwa futhi kunikeza indlela entsha yokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemithombo yomsila, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme kwesimiso semvelo endaweni yezimayini. Kubonisa ukuthi ama-ejenti asebenzisa ukudotshwa kwemvelo anobungani anganciphisa ngempumelelo umkhondo wemvelo wemisebenzi yezimayini zegolide futhi afake isandla ekubakhona okuvumelana kwezimayini kanye nemvelo.

VII. Izinyathelo Zokuhamba

7.1 I-Sodium Cyanide

Ukuthutha i-sodium cyanide kuyinqubo elawulwa kakhulu futhi eqaphile ngenxa yobuthi bayo obukhulu. I-sodium cyanide idinga ulwandle oluyingozi olukhethekile - iziteshi zezimpahla. Izinkampani zokuthutha eziphethe i-sodium cyanide kufanele zibe namalayisense athile futhi zithobelane nemithetho eqinile yezolwandle yamazwe ngamazwe, njengeKhodi Yempahla Eyingozi Yasolwandle Yamazwe Ngamazwe (i-IMDG). Le khodi ichaza ukupakishwa okufanele, ukuphathwa, kanye nokugcinwa kwezimpahla eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokuthutha olwandle ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yikuphi ukuvuza okungaba khona noma izingozi.

Mayelana nokupakishwa, i-sodium cyanide kumele ibe semaphaketheni avaliwe. Ivamise ukupakishwa emoyeni - iziqukathi eziqinile ezenziwe ngezinto ezingamelana nemvelo ebolayo nesebenzayo ye-sodium cyanide. Lezi zitsha zenzelwe ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukuthintana komoya, umswakama, noma ezinye izinto ezingase zibangele ukusabela okuyingozi. Isibonelo, ingase ihlanganiswe ezigubhu zensimbi ezinezikhwama zepulasitiki ezinemigqa emibili ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvikelwa okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, yonke le nqubo ibhekwa ngokucophelela, futhi izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile zikhona. Abasebenzi abakhethekile banomthwalo wemfanelo wokuphatha nokuthutha i-sodium cyanide, futhi kufanele baqeqeshwe kahle ekubhekaneni nezimo eziphuthumayo ezingaba khona ezihlobene nalesi sithako esinobuthi obukhulu.

7.2 Imvelo - Ama-ejenti aLeaching anobungane

Ngokuphambene, imvelo - ama-ejenti avuzayo ajabulela ukunethezeka okukhulu kwezokuthutha. Angathuthwa ngemigudu evamile yokuthutha amakhemikhali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingathwalwa amaloli avamile, izitimela, noma imikhumbi evame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthutha amakhemikhali angeyona ingozi ngokwedlulele. Asikho isidingo semizila yemikhumbi ekhethekile, enemingcele kakhulu njengasendabeni ye-sodium cyanide.

Ukupakishwa kwendawo ezungezile - ama-ejenti okuhlanza anobungane nawo aqonde kakhudlwana, ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukupakishwa okujwayelekile. Isibonelo, zingapakishwa ezigubhu zepulasitiki noma ezikhwameni ezihlangabezana nezidingo ezijwayelekile zokupakishwa kwamakhemikhali. Lokhu kupaka okujwayelekile akubizi nje kuphela - kusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kwenza inqubo yokuthutha ibe lula. Njengoba lawa ma-ejenti okukhipha amanzi engenabungozi kangako, izinkampani zezokuthutha azidingi ukutshala imali kumishini ekhethekile kakhulu noma ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi kwezokuthutha. Lokhu kwenza i-supply chain of environment - friendly leaching agents ivumelane nezimo futhi ifinyeleleke, kunciphisa izindleko zokuthutha kanye nobunzima bokusebenza ezinkampanini zezimayini.

VIII. Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, nakuba i-sodium cyanide bekuyinsakavukela isikhathi eside embonini yezimayini zegolide ukuze kukhishwe igolide, ama-ejenti okukhipha amanzi anobungane endaweni ezungezile anikeza enye indlela esimeme futhi ephumelelayo. Imvelo - ama-leaching agents anobungane anezinga elisheshayo le-leaching, elingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Izinga labo lokutholwa eliqhathaniswa ne-sodium cyanide liqinisekisa ukuthi inani legolide elikhishiwe aliphazamiseki kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubungane babo bemvelo obuhle kakhulu buyinzuzo enkulu, njengoba bengakwazi ukunciphisa umthwalo wemvelo ohambisana nokumbiwa kwegolide, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokulahlwa kwemisila. Izidingo zokuthutha ezilula kakhulu zendawo ezungezile - ama-ejenti anobungane afaka isandla ekongeni nasekusebenziseni kalula.

Nakuba kungase kube nezinselele ezifana nezindleko eziphakeme zokuqala kwezinye izimo noma isidingo sokuthuthukisa okwengeziwe ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-ore, ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa, lezi zinkinga kungenzeka zinqotshwe. Njengoba ukugxila emhlabeni wonke ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nentuthuko esimeme kukhula, ama-ejenti avuzayo anobungani nemvelo kulindeleke ukuthi abambe iqhaza elibaluleke kakhulu embonini yezimayini zegolide, kancane kancane abe yiyona ndlela ethandwa kakhulu yokumbiwa kwegolide esikhathini esizayo.