Ukuthuthukisa I-Cyanidation Yokukhishwa Kwegolide Kusuka ku-Refractory Ores

Embonini yezimayini zegolide, ukukhishwa kwegolide kuma-ore angenakuphikiswa kuletha izinselele ezinkulu. Ama-ore angenakuphikiswa, abonakala ngokungatholakali kahle kwegolide ngaphansi kwezimo zendabuko zokukhipha i -cyanide , aseyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yesisekelo semithombo yegolide njengoba isilinganiso sama-ore acutshungulwa kalula sincipha. Igolide kulawo ma-ore livame ukuba sesimweni sokuhlakazeka okuncane ngaphakathi kwamaminerali e-sulfide, ikakhulukazi i-pyrite ne-arsenopyrite, okwenza kube nzima ukufinyelela izixazululo ze-cyanide.

Ukuqonda Inselele Yezinsimbi Eziphikisayo

Ukumelana kwalawa ma-ore ekuqondisweni kwe -Cyanidation kungenxa yokuminyana kwegolide okuncane ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esiminyene samaminerali e-sulfide. Lokhu kuvinjelwa ngokomzimba kuvimbela i-cyanide ukuthi isabele kahle negolide, okuholela emazingeni aphansi okutholakala. Ngenxa yalokho, kudingeka izindlela ezikhethekile zokucubungula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhishwa kwegolide kulawa ma-ore angenakuphikiswa.

Pretreatment Technologies for Refractory Ores

Ukugazinga nge-Oxidative

Ukuthosa nge-oxidative kube enye yezindlela zendabuko zokucubungula ama-concentrates egolide le-sulfide. Phakathi nale nqubo, ama-sulfide anegolide athosa abe yinqwaba yama-oxides anezimbobo, okuvumela ukungena okungcono kwezixazululo ze-cyanide. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela inezinkinga eziningana. Iholela ekungcoleni kwemvelo ngokukhishwa kwegesi kwe-arsenic nesulfure. Isidingo sokulahla i-arsenic trioxide enobuthi kakhulu nayo iyinkinga enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ancibilika kancane kanye nokususwa kwegolide kuma-sublimates e-arsenic ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthosa kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha iGolide . Isibonelo, kwezinye imisebenzi yendabuko esekelwe ekuthoseni, izinga lokukhipha igolide kuma-ore angenakuphikiswa lingakhuphuka kuphela lisuka ku-46.6% (i-cyanidation eqondile ye-flotation concentrate yokuqala) liye cishe ku-85% ngemva kokuthosa.

I-Bacterial Oxidation (Biox)

I-bacterium oxidation ingenye indlela evumelana nemvelo. Kule nqubo, amagciwane athile asetshenziselwa ukwenza i-oxidize amaminerali e-sulfide, ehlephula i-matrix ehlanganisa igolide. Lokhu kwenza igolide lifinyeleleke kalula ku-cyanide. Izinzuzo zalobu buchwepheshe zihlanganisa ukungabi bikho kokukhishwa kwegesi enobuthi. I-Arsenic ikhishwa kule nqubo ngendlela ye-arsenate yensimbi ephansi - enobuthi. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-Biox kungakhuphula ukukhishwa kwegolide kufinyelele ku-91.74% kusukela ekugxilweni kwe-refractory flotation, okuyintuthuko enkulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-cyanidation eqondile.

I-Autoclave Oxidation (Pox)

I-autoclave oxidation ihilela ukugxilisa i-ore endaweni yokushisa ephezulu kanye nezimo zengcindezi enkulu lapho kukhona umoya-mpilo. Le nqubo i-oxidizes ngempumelelo amaminerali e-sulfide. I-autoclave oxidative leaching yokuqala ye-flotation concentrate inganikeza ukutholakala okuphezulu okuzinzile kwegolide nge-cyanidation elandelayo, ngokuvamile ezingeni lama-94.9 - 96.5%. Le ndlela ihlinzeka ngamanani aphezulu okumba futhi iyisici esibalulekile ekuqiniseni inqubo yezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezimboni zamabhizinisi akhiqiza igolide, kanye nokuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza zabasebenzi abakhiqizayo.

Izithasiselo kanye Nendima Yazo Ku-Cyanidation

I-Cyanide - Ukunciphisa Izithasiselo

I-Cyanide iyi-reagent evamile esetshenziswa ekukhishweni kwegolide, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphezulu akukhulisi nje kuphela izindleko kodwa futhi kubangela ubungozi obukhulu emvelweni nempilo yabantu. I-Extractech, isengezo esithuthukisiwe se-biopolymer esithathwe ku-algae, senziwe ukuze kubhekwane nalolu daba. Uma ingezwe kunqubo ye-cyanidation, ingasebenza njenge-super-oxidant. Iphula izibopho zamaminerali aphezulu - oxidation - ukunciphisa - okungenzeka (ORP) kuma-refractory ores. Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka ngezinhlayiya zegolide, okushiya igolide libe sobala ukuze lisabele nge-cyanide. Njengesengezo senqubo ekhona ye-cyanidation, i-Extractech inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide kufika ku-20 - 30% kuyilapho inyusa isivuno segolide ngo-3 - 5%.

Ezinye Izithasiselo

Ezinye izithasiselo zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa inqubo ye-cyanidation. Isibonelo, ezinye izithasiselo zingakhuphula okuqukethwe "komoyampilo osebenzayo osebenzayo" ku-pulp, okuzuzisa ukusabela kwe-cyanidation. Angase futhi abe nemisebenzi efana nokuhlakazeka, okusiza ekuhlakazeni ngokugcwele i-pulp futhi kwandise ukuxhumana okusebenzayo phakathi kwe-cyanide negolide. Ukwengeza, bangase babe nomsebenzi wokungcola - ukususa, ukuqeda noma ukwenza buthaka imiphumela emibi yokungcola ku-pulp ekukhishweni kwegolide. Izithasiselo ze-Chelating zingakhuphula ukuchithwa kwegolide futhi zisuse izinto ezingcolile ezithinta ukucwiliswa kwegolide.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo ku-Cyanidation

Ukulawulwa kwe-pH

I-Cyanide ku-pulp ibhekana nokusabela kwe-hydrolysis, ikhiqiza i-HCN, ingxenye yayo eguquguqukayo esisombululo, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwe-cyanide kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwe-cyanide, isisombululo kufanele sigcine i-alkalinity ethile ukuvimbela ukubola kwe-cyanide. Nokho, uma i-alkalinity yesixazululo se-cyanide iphezulu kakhulu, izonciphisa izinga lokuncibilika kwegolide. Ngakho-ke, ukulawulwa kwe-pH okunembile kubalulekile ukuze kube ne-cyanidation ephumelelayo.

Isikhathi Sokuvula

Njengoba isikhathi sokuvuza sikhula, izinga legolide le-leaching liyakhuphuka ekuqaleni. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kwephuzu elithile, ukunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwesikhathi sokuvuza akukhuphuli kakhulu izinga legolide le-leaching. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa isikhathi esifanele sokukhipha igolide ukuze kutholakale igolide elisebenzayo ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa okungadingekile kwezinsiza nesikhathi.

Ukuhlinzekwa O oxygen

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-oxidants afana ne-oxygen emsulwa noma amanye ama-oxides enqubweni yokucwilisa kungathuthukisa indawo yokugezela. Isibonelo, ohlelweni lwe-oxygen - resin leaching process, ukungezwa komoya-mpilo kungakhuphula ngempumelelo izinga legolide nesiliva, kusheshise isivinini sokuvuza, kufinyeze isikhathi sokukhipha, futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide ne-nitrate yokuhola.

Isiphetho

Ukuthuthukisa inqubo ye-cyanidation yokukhipha igolide ku-ore eyi-refractory kudinga inhlanganisela yobuchwepheshe obufanele bokwelashwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezisebenzayo, kanye nokwenza kahle kwenqubo. Izindlela zokwelapha kusengaphambili ezifana ne-bacterial oxidation kanye ne-autoclave oxidation zinikeza ezinye izindlela ezivumelana nemvelo nezisebenza kahle uma kuqhathaniswa nokosiwa okuvamile. Izithasiselo zingadlala indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni ukusetshenziswa kwe-cyanide nokwandisa ukutholakala kwegolide. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela imingcele yenqubo efana ne-pH, isikhathi sokuvuza, kanye nokunikezwa komoyampilo, imboni yezimayini zegolide ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha ama-refractory ores, yenze inqubo yokukhipha izimeme futhi isebenze kahle ngokomnotho.