Ukwelashwa Okufanelekile Kwemfucuza Ye-Sodium Cyanide

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezezimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo zamakhemikhali ezihlukile. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwe -Sodium Cyanide ngokungenakugwenywa kukhiqiza imfucuza equkethe i-cyanide, kanti imfucuza ye-Liquid Sodium Cyanide , ikakhulukazi, ibeka usongo olukhulu empilweni yabantu kanye nemvelo uma ingaphathwa kahle. I-Cyanide inobuthi obukhulu futhi ingabangela umonakalo omkhulu ezintweni eziphilayo ngisho nangobuningi obuncane. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokubhekana nalezi zimfucuza.

Izingozi ze-Liquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Ubuthi Ebantwini

I-Cyanide ingangena emzimbeni womuntu ngokuphefumula, ngokuyigwinya, noma ngokuthinta isikhumba. Uma isingaphakathi emzimbeni, ingabopha ngokushesha i-cytochrome oxidase emaseli, ivimbele ukuphefumula kwamaseli futhi iholele ekutheni izicubu zingabi namandla okuphefumula. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ingabangela ukufa okusheshayo. Ngisho nokuvezwa ezingeni eliphansi isikhathi eside kungabangela izimpawu ezifana nekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, futhi kwezinye izimo, izinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona. Lapho kubhekene nokungcola kwe -sodium cyanide okuwuketshezi , ingozi yokuxhumana ngengozi iphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho zinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifanele.

Umthelela Ezintweni Eziphila Emanzini

Imfucuza ye- cyanide ye-Sodium engamanzi , uma ikhishwa emanzini, iyingozi kakhulu empilweni yasemanzini. Ngisho noma ingaphansi kakhulu, ingaphazamisa imisebenzi evamile yomzimba yezinhlanzi, izilwane ezingenamgogodla, nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini. Kungathinta ukuphefumula kwazo, ukukhula, ukuzala, kanye nezinhlelo zomzimba. Isibonelo, lapho ukugcwala kwe-ion ye-cyanide kungu-0.02 - 1.0 mg/l (phakathi kwamahora angu-24), izinhlanzi zingase zife. I-Cyanide ingadala nomonakalo wesikhathi eside ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini ngokunciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuphazamisa uchungechunge lokudla.

Imiphumela Ezitshalweni

Lapho izitshalo zithola udoti we-sodium cyanide owuketshezi, kungaba nomthelela omubi ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukeni kwazo. Ukugcwala okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kungavimbela ukukhula kwezimpande zezitshalo, kunciphise ukumuncwa kwezakhi, futhi kuthinte i-photosynthesis. Ezindaweni zokulima, lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno sezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma imfucumfucu ye-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi isetshenziselwa ukuchelela, ingase ingcolise inhlabathi, ithinte izinga lomhlabathi nokukhula kwezilimo ezilandelayo.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ze-Liquid Sodium Cyanide Waste

Indlela ye-Alkaline Chlorination

Isimiso : Le ndlela ilungisa i-pH yamanzi angcolile e-sodium cyanide - aqukethe i-chlorine ibe ngu-8.5 - 9 bese ingeza ama-oxidants asekelwe ku-chlorine. Ama-oxidants asekelwe ku-chlorine, njenge-bleach (ikakhulukazi i-NaClO) noma igesi ye-chlorine (Cl₂, encibilika emanzini ukuze yakhe i-HClO), asabela ngama-ion e-cyanide (CN⁻). Esinyathelweni sokuqala, i-cyanide i-oxidized ibe yi-cyanate (CNO⁻), okuyinto engenabungozi kangako. Ukuxiliswa okwengeziwe kungaguqula i-cyanate ibe yi-carbon dioxide (CO₂) kanye ne-nitrogen (N₂). Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungachazwa kalula kanje:

CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺

2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → 2CO₂ + N₂ + 3Cl⁻ + 2OH⁻

Izinzuzo Nokungalungile : Indlela ye-alkaline chlorination ilula ukuyisebenzisa futhi isetshenziswe kabanzi. Inganciphisa ngempumelelo okuqukethwe yi-cyanide emanzini angcolile ibe sezingeni eliphansi. Kodwa-ke, ifaneleka kakhulu ekuphatheni amanzi angcolile ngamanani aphansi e-cyanide. Uma inani le-cyanide liphezulu kakhulu, kuzodingeka inani elikhulu lama-oxidants asekelwe ku-chlorine, okungase kwandise izindleko zokwelashwa futhi kukhiqize ukungcola kwesibili.

I-Presurizing Hydrolysis Method

Isimiso : Kule ndlela, amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi afakwa esitsheni esivaliwe. Kufakwa i-alkali, bese amanzi angcolile ayashiswa futhi acindezelwe. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, i-cyanide ibhekana nokusabela kwe-hydrolysis. Ama-ion e-Cyanide asabela nama-molecule amanzi ukuze akhiqize i-sodium formate engenabo ubuthi (i-HCOONa) kanye ne-ammonia (NH₃). I-equation yokusabela kwamakhemikhali yile:

CN⁻ + 2H₂O → HCOO⁻ + NH₃

Izinzuzo Nokungalungile : Indlela ye-pressurizing hydrolysis inobubanzi obukhulu bokuzivumelanisa nokugcwala kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile. Ingaphatha futhi ama-compound e-cyanide ayinkimbinkimbi. Ukusebenza kulula kakhulu ngokwenqubo yokusabela. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela idinga imishini ekhethekile yokucindezela nokushisa, okwenza inqubo iyonke ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwemishini kuphezulu kakhulu, okuholela ezindlekweni eziphezulu zokwelashwa.

Indlela ene-Acidized

Isimiso : Ngendlela ye-acidized, i-sulfuric acid ifakwa emanzini angcolile aqukethe i-sodium cyanide ukuze kulungiswe i-pH ibe ngu-2 - 3. Ngaphansi kwezimo ze-acidic, i-cyanide emanzini angcolile iyasabela ukuze yakhe igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Njengoba ubukhulu begesi ye-hydrogen cyanide buncane, futhi kusetshenziswa isimiso sokulinganisela komfutho womoya, umoya udlula emanzini angcolile ukuze uthwale igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide iphume. Igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide ekhishwe ingafakwa esixazululweni se-alkali ukuze isetshenziswe kabusha. Ukusabela okuyinhloko kwamakhemikhali yilokhu:

CN⁻ + H⁺ → HCN↑

Izinzuzo Nokungalungile : Enye yezinzuzo zale ndlela ukuthi ingabuyisa i-sodium cyanide, enenani elithile lezomnotho. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela idinga ukulawulwa okuqinile kwezimo zokusebenza. Igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide inobuthi obukhulu, futhi noma yikuphi ukuvuza ngesikhathi senqubo kungaba usongo olukhulu emvelweni nasempilweni yabantu. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka izinyathelo zokuphepha ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokuvalwa kwemishini.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zebhayoloji

Isimiso : Amanye ama-microorganism anekhono lokubola i-cyanide. Ku- Biological Treatment Methods , ama-bacteria noma isikhunta esithile asetshenziswa ukonakalisa i-cyanide emfucumfucwini oketshezi. Lawa ma-microorganism angasebenzisa i-cyanide njengomthombo we-carbon noma i-nitrogen ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezimpendulo ze-enzyme, ayiguqule ibe izinto ezingezona ezinobuthi njenge-carbon dioxide, amanzi, kanye ne-ammonia. Isibonelo, amanye ama-bacteria abhubhisa i-cyanide angaphula i-cyanide ibe ama-compounds angenangozi kakhulu ngezindlela ze-metabolic.

Izinzuzo Nokungalungile : Izindlela zokwelapha ngebhayoloji zinobungani nemvelo njengoba zingalethi inani elikhulu lama-reagent amakhemikhali. Zingaba zisebenza kahle ekwelapheni imfucuza ewuketshezi equkethe i-cyanide ephansi ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ziyazwela ezicini zemvelo ezifana nokushisa, i-pH, kanye nokuba khona kwezinye izinto ezinobuthi kumfucuza. Inqubo yokwelapha ingadinga isikhathi eside ukuze kufezwe umphumela wokwelapha ofiselekayo, futhi ukusethwa kokuqala kohlelo lokwelapha ngebhayoloji kungaba nzima.

Izinyathelo Zokuphepha Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa

Lapho kwelashwa imfucuza ye-sodium cyanide ewuketshezi, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile . Abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke imishini yokuzivikela efanele, okuhlanganisa amasudi angangeni makhemikhali, amagilavu, izibuko, kanye namadivayisi okuvikela ukuphefumula. Indawo yokwelapha kufanele ibe nomoya omuhle, futhi imishini yokusabela eziphuthumayo njengeziteshi zokugeza amehlo kanye nezindawo zokugeza zokuphepha kufanele itholakale kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke imisebenzi yokwelapha kufanele ihambisane nemithethonqubo nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele ukuvimbela izingozi nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nendawo ezungezile.

Isiphetho

Ukwelashwa ngendlela efanele kwemfucuza ye-sodium cyanide kubalulekile ekuvikeleni impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ngokuqonda izingozi zale mfucumfucu nokusebenzisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezifanele ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination, i-pressurizing hydrolysis, ukwelashwa okune-asidi, noma ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile, singanciphisa ngempumelelo izingozi ezihlobene nemfucumfucu ye-sodium cyanide. Kubalulekile ukuthi izimboni ezikhiqiza udoti onjalo zitshale ezikhungweni zokwelapha ezifanele futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinqubo zokuphatha nokwelapha zenziwa ngendlela enesibopho nethobelayo.