Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Kokusetshenziswa Kwe-Sodium Cyanide Leaching Agent

Isingeniso

I-Sodium cyanide iyi -ejenti ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhipha izinsimbi eziyigugu, ikakhulukazi embonini yezimayini zegolide. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona zemvelo nokuphepha, kufanele kuqashelwe kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo. Lesi sihloko sichaza kabanzi ngezinyathelo zokuqapha zokusetshenziswa kwe- sodium cyanide ngokuningiliziwe.

1. Izinyathelo Zokuphepha

1.1 Ukuqwashisa Ngobuthi

I-Sodium cyanide inobuthi obukhulu. Ukuphefumula, ukugwinya, noma ukuthintana nayo ngesikhumba kungaholela ebuthi obukhulu. I-cyanide engaphakathi kwayo ingavimbela ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-enzyme ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu ebalulekile ekuphefumuleni kwamaseli. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungabangela ukuminyana okusheshayo ngisho nokufa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Isibonelo, kwezinye izingozi zezimayini lapho i-Sodium Cyanide ivuza khona, abasebenzi ababengavikelwe kahle bahlushwa ubuthi obunamandla be-cyanide, abanezimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza, isicanucanu, ukuphefumula okusheshayo, kanye nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

1.2 Izinto Zokuzivikela Zomuntu Siqu (PPE)

Izisebenzi eziphethe i-Sodium cyanide kumele zihlonyiswe nge-PPE efanele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi amasudi okuvikela amakhemikhali aqinile anegesi, amamaski egesi asebenza kahle kakhulu anezihlungi ezenzelwe ukuvimba i-cyanide, amagilavu ​​​​amelana namakhemikhali (njengegilavu ​​​​ye-nitrile), kanye nezibuko zokuphepha. Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, izisebenzi kufanele ziqeqeshwe ukuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-PPE. Isibonelo, lapho ufaka imaski yegesi, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi umoya awungeni kahle yini ngokuphefumula nokukhipha umoya ngokujulile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho moya wangaphandle ovuzayo.

1.3 UHlelo Lwezimpendulo Eziphuthumayo

Izinkampani ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kufanele zibe nezinhlelo zokusabela eziphuthumayo ezithuthukiswe kahle. Lezi zinhlelo kumele zibandakanye izinqubo zokubhekana nokuchitheka, ukuvuza, kanye nezigameko zokudlelwa ushevu. Amakhithi osizo lokuqala afakelwe ama-antidote e-cyanide (njenge-hydroxocobalamin) kufanele atholakale kalula esizeni. Uma kwenzeka isigameko sobuthi, ukwelashwa kosizo lokuqala kufanele kuhlinzekwe ngokushesha, futhi izinsizakalo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo kufanele zibizwe ngaphandle kokulibala. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kwenziwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bayazazi izinqubo zokubhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo.

2. Izinyathelo Zokugcina Isitoreji

2.1 Indawo yokugcina izinto

I-sodium cyanide kufanele igcinwe endaweni yokugcina impahla epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle. Kufanele igcinwe kude nemithombo yokushisa, ukuthungela, nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ihlukaniswe nama-acids, ama-oxidizing agents, nezinye izinto ezingasabela ngayo. Isibonelo, uma i-sodium cyanide ihlangana nama-asidi, kuzokwenziwa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi obuphezulu. Indawo yokugcina impahla kufanele futhi ifakwe ukuvuza - ubufakazi nokugqwala - iphansi elimelana nezindawo zokugcina izinto.

2.2 Izidingo zokupakisha

I-sodium cyanide ivamise ukupakishwa ezigubhu zensimbi ezivalwe ngokuqinile noma ezitsheni ezinomugqa wepulasitiki. Iphakheji kufanele ibhalwe ngokucacile ngezimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezibonisa ubuthi bayo kanye nolunye ulwazi olubalulekile. Ukuhlolwa okuvamisile kokupakishwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuvuza noma umonakalo. Uma kutholakala noma yiziphi izimpawu zokuvuza, isiqukathi kufanele sidluliselwe ngokushesha endaweni ephephile futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvikela nokuhlanza.

3. Izinyathelo Zokusebenza

3.1 Ukulawula Ukugxilisa ingqondo

Enqubweni yokukhishwa kwe-leaching, ukulawula okuqinile kokuhlushwa kwe-sodium cyanide kubalulekile. Ukugxila okufanele kunqunywa izici ezifana nohlobo lwe-ore, ukuba khona kwamaminerali ahlobene, kanye nendlela yokucwilisa. Ngokuvamile, ezimayini zegolide, zokucwiliswa kwenqwaba, ukugcwala kwe-sodium cyanide esixazululweni sokucwilisa kuvame ukuba ku-0.05% - 0.1%, kuyilapho ukugeleza okuyaluza kokugxila kokuntanta, kungase kudingeke ukugxila okuphezulu. Kodwa-ke, ukugxila okuphezulu ngokweqile akukhulisi nje kuphela izindleko kodwa kuholela ezingozini ezinkulu kakhulu zemvelo nokuphepha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ukugxila kuphansi kakhulu, ukusebenza kahle kwe-leaching kuzoncishiswa kakhulu.

3.2 pH Ukulawula

Inani le-pH lesisombululo se-leaching linomthelela omkhulu ekuzinzeni kwe-sodium cyanide. I-Cyanide ihlala izinzile endaweni ene-alkali. Endaweni ene-acidic, izosabela kwakheka igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide eguquguqukayo futhi enobuthi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, phakathi nenqubo yokucwilisa, i-pH yesisombululo ivamise ukugcinwa ezingeni le-alkaline kakhulu, futhi umcako uvame ukungezwa ukulungisa nokugcina i-pH. Ukuqapha njalo inani le-pH kuyadingeka, futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngesikhathi ngokuhambisana nemiphumela yokuqapha.

3.3 Ukuyaluza kanye nokufaka umoya

Ukuyaluza ngendlela efanele kanye nokungenisa umoya kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokucwilisa. Ukuyaluza kusiza ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo isisombululo se-sodium cyanide kanye nezinhlayiya ze-ore, okwandisa indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwabo. I-aeration ihlinzeka nge-oxygen edingekayo ukuze kufakwe i-oxidation yezinsimbi eziyigugu ngesikhathi senqubo yokucwilisa. Kodwa-ke, ukuyaluza ngokweqile kungase kubangele ukuchaphazeka kwesisombululo, kwandise ingozi yokuchayeka, futhi ukungena komoya ngendlela engafanele kungase kuholele ekungeneni kokugeleza okwanele. Amandla okuyaluza kanye nokufaka umoya kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngokuya ngezakhiwo ezithile ze-ore kanye nemishini yokucwilisa.

4. Izinyathelo Zokuvikela Imvelo

4.1 Ukuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile

Amanzi angcolile akhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo ye-sodium cyanide leaching aqukethe i-cyanide nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo. Ngaphambi kokukhipha, kufanele iphathwe ngokuqinile ukuze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zemvelo. Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa i-chemical oxidation (njengokusebenzisa i-chlorine noma i-hydrogen peroxide ukuze i-oxidize i-cyanide ezintweni ezingezona ezinobuthi), ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji (ukusebenzisa ama-microorganisms athile ukubola i-cyanide), kanye nezindlela zamakhemikhali ezibonakalayo (njengokushintshana kwe-ion kanye ne-adsorption). Amanzi angcolile acociwe kufanele agadwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide namanye amazinga angcolisayo angaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile.

4.2 Ukuphathwa Kwemfucuza Eqinile

Imfucumfucu eqinile, njengemisila equkethe i-sodium cyanide eyinsalela, nayo idinga ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele. Izinsalela kufanele zigcinwe emachibini akhiwe ngokukhethekile anezinyathelo ezinhle zokunqanda ukuvuza ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza kwe-cyanide emhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba. Kwezinye izimo, ama-tailings angase aqhutshekwe ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide noma ukuthola izinsimbi ezibalulekile. Ukuqapha njalo amachibi anensalela kanye nendawo ezungezile kubalulekile ukuze kutholwe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zibe khona zokungcola ngesikhathi.

5. Ukulawula Ukuhambisana

5.1 Ilayisensi kanye Nezimvume

Izinkampani ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kumele zithole amalayisense adingekayo kanye nezimvume ngokuhambisana nemithetho neziqondiso ezifanele. Lawa malayisensi ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izimvume zemvelo, amalayisense okukhiqiza ukuphepha, namalayisense okusebenza kwamakhemikhali ayingozi. Inqubo yesicelo ngokuvamile idinga ulwazi oluningiliziwe mayelana nesilinganiso sokukhiqiza senkampani, izindawo zokugcina, izinyathelo zokuphepha, nezinhlelo zokuvikela imvelo.

5.2 Ukuhlola Okuvamile

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile yiziphathimandla ezifanele zokulawula kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa komthetho. Lokhu kuhlola kuhlanganisa izici ezifana nezimo zokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide, ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuphepha, ukuphathwa kwamanzi angcolile kanye nemfucumfucu eqinile, nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Izinkampani kufanele zibambisane ngokuqhubekayo nokuhlola futhi zenze izilungiso ngesikhathi zanoma yiziphi izinkinga ezingathobeli ezihlonziwe.

Sengiphetha, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide njenge-ejenti yokuvuza kudinga ukunakwa okuphelele ekuphepheni, ekugcinweni, ekusebenzeni, ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, nasekuthotshelweni kokulawula. Kuphela ngokulandela ngokuqinile lezi zinyathelo zokuphepha lapho ukusebenza kahle kwesizinda kungaqinisekiswa khona ngenkathi kunciphisa ubungozi obungaba khona empilweni yomuntu kanye nemvelo.