Sodium Cyanide a cikin Tsarin Leaching na Arsenic Bearing Ores

A fannin sarrafa ma'adinai, fitar da karafa masu kima daga ma'adinai sau da yawa yana haifar da ƙalubale masu mahimmanci, musamman lokacin da ake mu'amala da ma'adanai masu sarƙaƙƙiya kamar waɗanda ke ɗauke da arsenic. Ma'adanai masu ɗauke da arsenic suna da matsala saboda ƙayyadaddun ma'adinan su da yuwuwar muhalli da haɗarin kiwon lafiya da ke tattare da arsenic. Cyanidation, tsarin da ke amfani da shi sodium cyanide, ya daɗe hanya ce ta al'ada kuma ana amfani da ita don hako zinari daga irin wannan ma'adinai. Wannan shafin yanar gizon yana bincika aikace-aikacen sodium Cyanide a cikin tsarin leaching na ma'adanai masu ɗauke da arsenic, zurfafa cikin ƙa'idodinta, ƙalubale, da la'akari da muhalli.

Cikakkar Arsenic-Bearing Ores

A cikin hakar gwal, ana gano ma'adinan hydrothermal akai-akai inda aka haɗa ma'adinin zinare tare da sulfides da mahadi na ƙarfe na tushe, arsenic, antimony, ko tellurium. Irin wannan ma'adinai yana sa da wuya a dawo da zinariya ta amfani da fasaha na al'ada kamar haɗuwa, rabuwar nauyi, ko kai tsaye. cyanidation. Arsenic, musamman, na iya haifar da mummunan tasiri akan cyanide tsarin leaching. Alal misali, a lokacin gasa da cyaniding na tattarawar zinari, arsenic shine babban abin da ke tasiri adadin leaching cyanide na zinariya da azurfa. Yayin da abun ciki na arsenic a cikin tarin zinare ya tashi, yawan hako zinare da azurfa ta amfani da su Sodium cyanide sannu a hankali yana raguwa.

Ka'idodin Cyanide Leaching tare da Sodium Cyanide

Tsarin leaching na cyanide tare da sodium cyanide ya dogara da ikon ions na cyanide don samar da barga masu yawa tare da zinariya. A cikin mahallin ma'adinan arsenic, kasancewar ma'adinan arsenic yana dagula wannan tsari. Arsenopyrite, ma'adinin arsenic na kowa a cikin nau'in zinariya, zai iya amsawa tare da cyanide da oxygen. Lokacin da arsenopyrite ya zama oxidized a cikin matsakaici na alkaline, yana samar da abubuwan da za a iya ɗauka daga yanayin da ake ciki ta hanyar tashin hankali. Duk da haka, oxidation kuma yana samar da wani abu wanda zai iya haifar da wani Layer a kan arsenopyrite da ba a yi ba, wanda ke hana tsarin leaching.

Tunani a cikin Tsarin Leaching

Bala'i

Saboda ƙalubalen da ma'adanai masu ɗauke da arsenic ke gabatarwa, yin riga-kafi yawanci yakan zama dole. Roasting ya kasance hanya ta farko ta gama gari, amma a Amurka, gasasshen ma'adanai masu ɗauke da arsenic kamar arsenopyrite ba a yarda da shi ba saboda tsauraran ƙa'idodin muhalli game da hayaƙin arsenic. Madadin haka, ana bincikar wasu matakai na hydrometallurgical, irin su oxidation na matsin lamba, oxidation na halitta, da iskar oxygen da iskar shaka.

Yanayin Leaching

Yanayin leaching, gami da pH, zafin jiki, maida hankali na cyanide, da tashin hankali, suna da mahimmanci. Halin rikitarwa na zinariya tare da cyanide yawanci yana faruwa a cikin kewayon pH na 9 - 12. kuma gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa pH a kusa da 11 sau da yawa yana da kyau ga tsarin cyanidation. Zazzabi yana rinjayar ƙimar amsawa, kuma a wasu matakai masu tasowa don magance arsenopyrite mai ɗauke da zinari, ana iya amfani da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Dole ne a kula da ƙaddamarwar Cyanide a hankali; Mafi girman taro na iya ƙara yawan leaching amma kuma yana haifar da haɗarin muhalli da aminci.

Girman barbashi

Girman barbashi samfurin tama kuma yana shafar ƙimar leaching. Kullum, finer barbashi masu girma dabam kai ga mafi girma zinariya leaching rates kamar yadda suka samar da ya fi girma surface area ga dauki. Duk da haka, cimma matsananciyar ƙaƙƙarfan girma na barbashi na iya buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfi da matakan sarrafawa.

Damuwar Muhalli da Tsaro

Cyanide abu ne mai guba sosai, kuma amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar hakar ma'adinai yana haifar da matsalolin muhalli da aminci. Ruwan sharar sodium cyanide na iya haifar da gurɓataccen muhalli iri-iri. Idan akwai zubewar cyanide, zai iya gurɓata ƙasa, tushen ruwa, da cutar da namun daji. Saboda haka, ana aiwatar da tsauraran matakan tsaro yayin ajiya, sufuri, da amfani da sodium cyanide. Ya kamata a adana shi a wuri mai iska da bushe, zai fi dacewa a cikin ɗakin ajiya na musamman ko majalisa tare da makullai biyu. Ana buƙatar dubawa da kulawa akai-akai yayin ajiya, kuma ana buƙatar sarrafa zafin jiki da zafi na wurin ajiya.

Madadin da Halayen Gaba

Ganin kalubale da kasadar da ke tattare da amfani da cyanide, ana samun karuwar sha'awar samar da wasu hanyoyin da za a bi don hakar zinari daga ma'adinan arsenic. Abubuwan da ba na cyanide ba, kamar su thiosulfate, thiourea, da wasu abubuwan da ba su dace da muhalli ba, ana binciken su. Haka kuma, ana sa ran ci gaba a cikin fasahohin riga-kafi da ingantattun hanyoyin hakowa za su inganta farfaɗo da zinariya daga ma'adinan arsenic tare da rage tasirin muhalli.

A ƙarshe, duk da cewa sodium cyanide ya kasance mai mahimmancin reagent a cikin leaching na arsenic mai ɗauke da ores don hakar gwal, masana'antu suna ci gaba da bunkasa don magance matsalolin da ke tattare da su. Ta hanyar fahimtar hadaddun hulɗar a cikin tsarin leaching, aiwatar da matakan tsaro masu dacewa da muhalli, da kuma bincika wasu fasahohin, masana'antun ma'adinai na iya yin ƙoƙari don ƙarin dorewa da ingantattun hanyoyin hakar.