Tasirin Haɗin Ma'adanai akan Tsarin Leaching na Cyanide

Gabatarwa

Cyanide leaching tsari ne da ake amfani da shi sosai wajen hako zinare da azurfa daga tama. Duk da haka, kasancewar daban-daban Associated Minerals a cikin ma'adinai na iya tasiri tasiri da tasiri da tasiri na wannan tsari. Fahimtar waɗannan tasirin yana da mahimmanci don haɓakawa cyanide leaching ayyuka da inganta dawo da m karafa.

Ma'adinan ƙarfe

Pyrite

Pyrite baƙin ƙarfe ne na gama gari - ma'adinan sulfide a cikin zinari - mai ɗauke da ores. A lokacin leaching cyanide, lokacin da pyrite ke cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara, ana iya yin oxidized don samar da sulfate na ƙarfe. Wannan ferrous sulfate sannan yana amsawa da cyanide don ƙirƙirar ferrocyanate. Wannan dauki yana cinye babban adadin sodium Cyanide, wanda shine mabuɗin reagent don leaching na gwal. Bugu da ƙari, tare da aikin lemun tsami da iska, pyrite kuma zai iya canzawa zuwa sulfide mai narkewa, colloidal sulfur, ko thiosulfate. Wannan tsari na canji yana amfani da iskar oxygen, wanda ke da mahimmanci don rushewar zinariya a cikin tsarin cyanide - leaching. Gabaɗaya, wannan yana da mummunan tasiri akan ingancin leaching.

Pyrrhotite

Pyrrhotite wani ƙarfe ne - sulfide ma'adinai wanda ke shafar leaching cyanide. Yana sauƙin amsawa tare da cyanide don samar da thiocyanate. Bugu da ƙari, ferrous sulfate da aka samo daga oxidation kuma yana amsawa da cyanide don samar da ferrocyanate. Bincike ya nuna cewa pyrrhotite na iya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin zinariya - yawan rushewa, alal misali, rage shi da 28.1% a wasu lokuta. Har ila yau yana haifar da karuwa mai yawa a yawan amfani da cyanide, sau da yawa yana rubanya shi.

Ma'adinan Copper

Chalcopyrite da Chalcocite

Ma'adanai na jan karfe irin su chalcopyrite da chalcocite suna da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan leaching cyanide. Maganin Cyanide na iya narkar da ma'adanai na jan karfe, amma yawan rushewar ya bambanta. Chalcopyrite yana da kwanciyar hankali a tsakanin ma'adinan sulfide na jan karfe, yayin da chalcocite ya fi maida hankali. A cikin maganin cyanide, jan ƙarfe a cikin waɗannan ma'adanai, yawanci a cikin yanayin divalent, ba shi da kwanciyar hankali. Divalent jan karfe oxidizes cyanide, canzawa zuwa monovalent jan karfe da kuma kafa hadaddun tare da cyanide a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Don chalcocite, yana iya haifar da raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin gwal - ƙimar rushewa, har zuwa 36.81% a wasu gwaje-gwajen, da haɓakar ninki goma na cin cyanide.

Malachite (Ma'adinan Copper Oxide)

Malachite ne na kowa jan karfe - oxide ma'adinai. Yana narkar da sauƙi a cikin maganin sodium - cyanide, wanda ke haifar da karuwa mai yawa a cikin amfani da cyanide. Halin da ke tsakanin malachite da cyanide yana amfani da adadi mai yawa na ion cyanide. A sakamakon haka, duka biyun jan karfe sulfide da jan karfe oxide ma'adanai na iya samun gagarumin mummunan tasiri a kan cyanide - zinariya - hakar tsari.

Arsenic Minerals

Realgar da Orpiment

Realgar da kayan ado suna da illa sosai ga leaching cyanide. A cikin maganin alkaline mai ƙarfi da aka yi amfani da shi don nutsewar cyanide, suna samar da mahadi irin su thioarsenite. Thioarsenite zai iya amsawa tare da iskar oxygen a cikin maganin don samar da arsenite, yana cinye babban adadin oxygen a cikin slurry na ma'adinai. Har ila yau, lokacin da ma'adinan arsenic ya zama oxidized a cikin maganin, fim din da aka yi da mahadi na arsenic yana samuwa a saman sassan gwal. Wannan fim ɗin yana dakatar da zinare kai tsaye daga haɗuwa da cyanide, yana yin tasiri sosai ga rushewar zinariya. Nazarin ya nuna cewa realgar da orpiment na iya rage girman gwal - 41.95% da 49.90% bi da bi, da kuma ƙara yawan amfani da cyanide da sau 13.8 da sau 15.0.

Arsenopyrite

Arsenopyrite shine arsenic na kowa - dauke da ma'adinai. Ba kamar realgar da orpiment ba, arsenopyrite yana da kwanciyar hankali a cikin tsarin cyanide. Ko da yake yana dauke da sinadarin arsenic, a karkashin yanayi na leaching na al'ada, ba ya wargajewa cikin sauki don haka yana da dan karamin tasiri a kan leken asirin cyanide idan aka kwatanta da sauran ma'adanai masu dauke da arsenic.

Gubar Ma'adanai

Galena da Jagoran Jagora

Galena da alum dalma sune babban gubar - mai ɗauke da ma'adanai a ma'adinan zinari. Galena za a iya oxidized zuwa gubar alum. A cikin wani bayani mai karfi - alkaline, alum alum zai iya samar da gubar alkaline - gishiri acid, wanda ke amsawa tare da cyanide a cikin bayani don samar da karfi mai karfi - alkaline cyanide. Ƙananan ma'adinan gubar na iya taimakawa a haƙiƙanin leaching cyanide na ma'adinan zinariya. Koyaya, babban adadin ma'adinan gubar zai shafi gwal - ingancin leaching ta hanyar cinye cyanide da yuwuwar haifar da hazo wanda zai iya tsoma baki tare da tsarin leaching.

Antimony - Ya ƙunshi Ma'adanai

Stibnite

Stibnite shine babban maganin antimony - yana dauke da ma'adinan sulfide. A cikin tsarin leaching na cyanide, mummunan tasirin sa yana kama da na orpiment. Yana sauƙaƙa narkar da a cikin wani ƙarfi - alkaline bayani don samar da thioantimonite, wanda aka kara oxidized zuwa cikin antimonite. Bugu da ƙari, barbashi na stibnite colloidal da aka caje mara kyau a cikin alkaline - cyanide mafita na iya mannewa saman gwal ɗin gwal, a zahiri yana hana zinare narkar da shi.

Abubuwan Carbon

Ma'adinan zinari na iya ƙunsar abubuwan carbon, gami da carbon inorganic da carbon Organic kamar humic acid. Lokacin da waɗannan abubuwan carbon suka kasance, za su iya ɗaukar narkar da zinariya a cikin maganin cyanide. Wannan yana rage yawan leaching na zinariya a cikin maganin, al'amarin da aka sani da "fashi na zinariya." Abubuwan carbon suna gasa tare da tsarin hakar gwal na narkar da, wanda ke haifar da asarar dawo da zinare.

Dabarun Rage Tasirin Ma'adanai masu alaƙa

Pretreatment na Ores

• Maganin Oxidation Pretreatment: Don ma'adanai tare da baƙin ƙarfe - sulfide, arsenic, ko ma'adanai na antimony, pretreatment oxidation na iya zama tasiri. Oxidation yana rushe waɗannan ma'adanai, yana 'yantar da zinariyar da ke kewaye da kuma rage illar su akan leaching cyanide. Na yau da kullun na hadawan abu da iskar shaka - hanyoyin pretreatment sun haɗa da gasasshen, oxidation na matsa lamba, da bio-oxidation.

• Copper - Pre-leaching: A cikin yanayin ma'adinai tare da babban abun ciki na jan karfe, ana iya yin pre-leaching don jan karfe. Ta hanyar cire jan ƙarfe kafin leaching cyanide, za a iya rage yawan adadin cyanide da ma'adinan jan karfe ke cinyewa, don haka inganta ingantaccen leaching cyanide na zinariya.

Ingantaccen Cyanide - Yanayin Leaching

• Daidaita Reagent Dosages: Dangane da nau'in da adadin ma'adanai masu alaƙa, ana iya daidaita adadin cyanide da sauran reagents. Alal misali, lokacin da akwai ma'adanai masu yawa na jan karfe, ƙara yawan adadin cyanide kadan yayin sarrafa darajar pH zai iya taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa zinari ya narke sosai.

• Sarrafa Sharuɗɗan ɓangaren litattafan almara: Sarrafa ƙwayar ɓangaren litattafan almara, zafin jiki, da saurin motsawa yana da mahimmanci. Matsakaicin ɓangaren ɓangaren litattafan almara na dama yana tabbatar da cewa cyanide da oxygen zasu iya yaduwa da kyau a cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara. Tsayawa da zazzabi mai dacewa (yawanci 15 - 30 ° C) yana daidaita saurin da zinare ke narkewa da kwanciyar hankali na maganin cyanide.

Amfani da Additives

• Abubuwan da zasu Hana Ma'adanai: Ana iya amfani da ƙari kamar gishirin gubar don hana wasu ma'adanai masu cutarwa amsawa. Alal misali, ƙara gubar acetate zai iya amsawa tare da sulfide ions daga rushewar sulfur - dauke da ma'adanai, samar da gubar da ba za a iya narkewa ba - sulfide precipitates. Wannan yana rage adadin cyanide da oxygen da sulfur - dauke da ma'adanai ke cinyewa.

• Adsorbents masu gasa: A cikin yanayin ores tare da abubuwan carbon, ƙara masu tallata gasa irin su carbon da aka kunna yayin leaching cyanide na iya rage tasirin "zinariya - fashi". Carbon da aka kunna yana gasa tare da carbon a cikin ma'adanin don narkar da gwal, ta haka yana haɓaka ƙimar zinare.

Kammalawa

Ma'adanai masu alaƙa a cikin ma'adinan zinariya da azurfa suna da tasiri daban-daban kuma suna da tasiri akan tsarin leaching na cyanide. Iron, jan karfe, arsenic, gubar, antimony - mai ɗauke da ma'adanai, da abubuwan carbon duk suna iya yin tasiri ga aikin leaching ta hanyar cinye reagents, hana zinare tuntuɓar cyanide, ko ɗaukar narkar da gwal. Duk da haka, ta hanyoyin da suka dace na pretreatment, inganta yanayin leaching, da kuma amfani da additives, waɗannan mummunan tasirin za a iya ragewa. Wannan yana ba da damar mafi kyawun hakar zinare da azurfa daga hadaddun ma'adinai mai ma'adinai, haɓaka haɓakar tattalin arziƙin ayyukan hakar ma'adinai.