Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Bwino kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Vat Leaching

Introduction

Kutulutsa kwa Vat ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pantchito yamigodi, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide ku miyala yamtengo wapatali. Sodium cyanide imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri munjira iyi chifukwa imapanga zovuta ndi golide, zomwe zimalola kusungunuka kwake ndikuchira pambuyo pake. Komabe, mphamvu ya sodium cyanide mu leaching vat akhoza kutengera zinthu zambiri. Kuwongolera zinthu izi ndikofunikira osati kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwachitsulo komanso kuchepetsa ndalama komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komwe kumakhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa kwambiri.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Vat Leaching

Mu leaching ya vat, Sodium Cyanide zimagwirizana ndi golide pamaso pa mpweya ndi madzi. Ma cyanide ions mu Sodium cyanide kuphatikiza ndi maatomu agolide, kutembenuza golide kukhala chinthu chosungunuka chosungunuka. Mtundu wosungunuka wa golide uwu ukhoza kupatulidwa ndi matrix ore ndikukonzedwanso kuti apeze golide weniweni.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchita Bwino kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Vat Leaching

Makhalidwe a Ore

1. Kukula kwamitundu: Kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a leaching. Tizigawo tating'onoting'ono timapereka malo okulirapo momwe angayankhire pakati pa sodium cyanide ndi mchere wokhala ndi golide. Mwachitsanzo, ngati miyalayo sinaphwanyidwe mokwanira, chitsulo cha cyanide sichingathe kulowa bwino, kusiya golide wochuluka kwambiri osakhudzidwa. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi golide kuchokera ku kagawo kakang'ono kupita kocheperako kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa golide. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timalola kusungunuka mwachangu komanso kokwanira kwambiri poyerekeza ndi tinthu tambirimbiri.

2. Mchere: Kukhalapo kwa mchere wina kumatha kukulitsa kapena kulepheretsa kutulutsa. Maminolo monga pyrite ndi arsenopyrite amatha kudya mpweya ndi cyanide, kuchepetsa kupezeka kwa ma reagents awa agolide - cyanide reaction. Kumbali ina, mchere wina wa gangue ukhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu, zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Kuonjezera apo, kupezeka kwa golide mkati mwa miyala, kaya ndi yaulere - mphero (yomasulidwa mosavuta) kapena yotsekedwa mkati mwa mchere wina, imakhudza kupezeka kwa golide ku yankho la cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, golidi yemwe amaikidwa mu mchere wa sulfide angafunikire kuthandizidwa kale, monga kuwotcha kapena bio-oxidation, kuti awonetse golideyo ndikuwongolera bwino ntchito ya leaching.

Zochita za Ndondomeko

1. Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide: Kusunga ndende yoyenera ya cyanide ndikofunikira. Kutsika kwambiri sikungapatse ma cyanide ma ion okwanira kuti agwirizane ndi golide wopezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutulutsa kosakwanira. Mosiyana ndi izi, kuchulukirachulukira kwambiri kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale zosafunika ndi - zinthu, monga zitsulo - cyanide complexes ndi zitsulo zina zosafunikira mu ore, komanso kumawonjezera mtengo ndi chiwopsezo cha chilengedwe. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa cyanide nthawi zambiri umasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa ore komanso kupezeka kwa mchere wosokoneza. Nthawi zambiri, pamiyala ya golide wamba, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagawo osiyanasiyana a leaching kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino komanso mtengo wake.

2. Kuwongolera pH: pH ya yankho la leaching imakhudza kwambiri kukhazikika kwa cyanide komanso momwe leaching imakhudzira. Cyanide ndi yosakhazikika m'malo okhala acidic ndipo imatha kuwola kupanga mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide. Pofuna kupewa izi, pH ya yankho la leaching nthawi zambiri imasungidwa mumtundu wa 10 - 11 pogwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena zinthu zina zamchere. Pa pH iyi, cyanide imakhalabe mu mawonekedwe ake a ionic, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga golide - cyanide complex. Kuphatikiza apo, chilengedwe cha alkaline chingathandizenso kusungunula mchere wina womwe ungasokoneze njira ya leaching.

3. kutentha: Mlingo wa cyanidation reaction ndi kutentha - kumadalira. Kutentha kwambiri kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimachitika, koma kuchita bwino, kusunga kutentha kwambiri kumatha kukhala kokwera mtengo komanso kungayambitse kuwola kwa cyanide. M'madera ozizira, kutentha kwa leaching kungakhale chinthu cholepheretsa. Pansi pa 10 ° C, kusungunuka kwa golide kumatsika kwambiri. Migodi ina ku Canada yagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kotayidwa kutenthetsa njira ya leaching, zomwe sizimangothandiza kuchepetsa kutentha komanso kumawonjezera nyengo yotulutsa.

4. Kupezeka kwa oxygen: Oxygen ndiyofunikira kwambiri pakupanga cyanidation momwe imakondera golide kuti apange golide wosungunuka - cyanide complex. Mpweya wokwanira wa okosijeni ukhoza kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa leaching. Kuyika zida zomwe zimathandizira kulowa kwa okosijeni, monga makina ojambulira mpweya, pakumanga vat kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kusakaniza kwa ore - cyanide solution ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa leaching. Kafukufuku wa bungwe la Hazen Institute ku United States wasonyeza kuti kuchulukitsa mpweya wa okosijeni mu mulu wa ore (omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachidziwitso ku vat leaching) sikungafupikitse kuzungulira kwa leaching komanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa golide.

Leaching Time

The nthawi yopuma ndi chinthu china chofunika. Pamafunika nthawi yokwanira kuti cyanide igwirizane ndi golide wopezeka. Komabe, nthawi yotalikirapo yochulukirachulukira imatha kukhala yopanda ndalama komanso ingayambitsenso kupanga zinthu zambiri. Nthawi yoyenera yotulutsa imatengera zinthu monga kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kuchuluka kwa cyanide, ndi kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina pomwe ore ali bwino - opangidwa bwino komanso momwe zinthu zikuyendera bwino - zokongoletsedwa bwino, nthawi ya leaching imatha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena mikhalidwe yabwino.

Kukhathamiritsa Njira

Ore Pretreatment

1. Kuphwanya ndi Kupera: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, miyalayo iyenera kuphwanyidwa bwino ndi kugwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zopukutira ndikupera zingathandize kukwaniritsa kugawa kwakukulu kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono, ndikuwonjezera malo omwe amapezeka pa cyanide - golide.

2. Pre - chithandizo cha Refractory Ores: Pazitsulo zowumbidwa zomwe zimakhala ndi golide wopakidwa sulfide kapena mchere wina, njira zochizira zisanakwane monga kuwotcha, bio -oxidation, kapena pressure oxidation zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuwotcha kumatha kuphwanya mchere wa sulfide, kutulutsa golide wotsekeredwa ndikupangitsa kuti azitha kupezeka ndi cyanide solution. Bio - makutidwe ndi okosijeni amagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti oxidize mchere wa sulfide, njira yabwino zachilengedwe ndi kuwotcha nthawi zina.

Njira Yothandizira

1. Kuyang'anira ndi Kusintha Kukhazikika kwa Cyanide: Kuwunika mosalekeza kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu njira yotsitsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira monga titration kapena ion - selective electrode. Kutengera ndi zotsatira zowunikira, sinthani kuchuluka kwa cyanide kuti musunge ndende yabwino panthawi yonseyi.

2. pH Monitoring ndi Kusintha: Yesani nthawi zonse pH ya njira yothirira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito pH metres ndikuwonjezera laimu kapena zinthu zina zamchere ngati pakufunika kuti pH ikhale mkati mwa 10 - 11.

3. Kuwongolera Kutentha: Pamene kutentha kumalepheretsa, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera kapena ozizira kuti mukhale ndi kutentha koyenera kwa leaching reaction. Izi zingakhale zofunikira makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yovuta kwambiri.

4. Kukhathamiritsa Kwa Oxygen: Onetsetsani kuti mpweya wokwanira umakhala wokwanira komanso wokhazikika panjira yotulutsa mpweya. Izi zitha kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira mpweya wabwino kapena powonjezera mpweya wotulutsa mpweya monga hydrogen peroxide panjira yotulutsa mpweya. Komabe, muyenera kusamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide chifukwa imathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide ngati sichiyendetsedwa bwino.

Kuwonjezera kwa Leaching Aid

Zothandizira zotulutsa zitha kuwonjezeredwa ku cyanide leaching slurry kuti muwongolere bwino. Zothandizira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo ma oxidizing agents, zowonjezera leaching agents, ndi zonyowetsa. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera mpweya - munali oxidizing wothandizila kuti cyanide leaching ndondomeko akhoza kuonjezera ogwira yogwira mpweya mu slurry, kupititsa patsogolo leaching dzuwa. Wonyowetsa amathandizira njira ya cyanide kulowa bwino mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono, makamaka pankhani ya miyala ya hydrophobic.

Kutsiliza

Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya sodium cyanide mu vat leaching ndi ntchito yovuta koma yofunika kwambiri pamakampani amigodi. Poganizira mozama ndi kulamulira zinthu monga makhalidwe a ore, ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, ndi nthawi ya leaching, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zowonjezeretsa, ndizotheka kusintha kwambiri kubwezeretsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ndi kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Kufufuza kosalekeza ndi zatsopano m'derali ndizofunikira kuti ndondomeko ya vat leaching ikhale yokhazikika komanso yopindulitsa pachuma pakapita nthawi.