Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchita Bwino kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Vat Leaching

Introduction

Kuchotsa chitsulo mu vat ndi njira yofunika kwambiri mumakampani opanga migodi, makamaka pochotsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali monga golide kuchokera ku miyala yotsika. Sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri panjirayi chifukwa imapanga golide wosakanikirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isungunuke ndikubwezeretsanso. Komabe, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa sodium cyanide mu vat leaching kungakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zambiri. Kukonza zinthuzi ndikofunikira osati kungowonjezera kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chomwe chimabwezeretsa chitsulo komanso kuchepetsa ndalama ndikuchepetsa zovuta zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa awa.

Udindo wa Sodium Cyanide mu Vat Leaching

Mu kuchotsedwa kwa chitsulo mu vat, Sodium Cyanide imalumikizana ndi golide pamene pali mpweya ndi madzi. Ma ayoni a cyanide mu Sodium cyanide amasakanikirana ndi maatomu a golide, zomwe zimapangitsa golide kukhala chinthu chosungunuka. Mtundu uwu wa golide wosungunuka ukhoza kulekanitsidwa ndi matrix ya ore ndikukonzedwanso kuti mupeze golide weniweni.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuchita Bwino kwa Sodium Cyanide mu Vat Leaching

Makhalidwe a Ore

1. Kukula kwa Tinthu : Kukula kwa tinthu ta m'dothi kumakhudza kwambiri momwe timatulutsira madzi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timapereka malo akuluakulu ochitira zinthu pakati pa sodium cyanide ndi mchere wokhala ndi golide. Mwachitsanzo, ngati miyalayo sinaphwanyidwe bwino, yankho la cyanide silingathe kulowa bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide wambiri asagwidwe. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuchepetsa kukula kwa tinthu ta m'dothi wokhala ndi golide kuchoka pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kupita pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kungapangitse kuti golide asungunuke mofulumira komanso mokwanira poyerekeza ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

2. Mineralogy : Kupezeka kwa mchere wina kungapangitse kuti ntchito yochotsa mchere ikule kapena kuletsa ntchito yochotsa mchere. Michere monga pyrite ndi arsenopyrite imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi cyanide, zomwe zimachepetsa kupezeka kwa zinthuzi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide ndi cyanide ziyambe kugwira ntchito. Kumbali ina, mchere wina wa gangue ukhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu yoyambitsa kusungunuka kwa golide. Kuphatikiza apo, kupezeka kwa golide mkati mwa miyala, kaya ndi yopukutidwa (yomasuka mosavuta) kapena yophimbidwa mkati mwa mchere wina, kumakhudza kupezeka kwa golide ku yankho la cyanide. Mwachitsanzo, golide amene amaikidwa mu mchere wa sulfide angafunike chithandizo chisanachitike, monga kuwotcha kapena kusungunuka kwa bio, kuti awonetse golide ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yotulutsa mchere.

Zochita za Ndondomeko

1. Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide : Kusunga kuchuluka kwa cyanide koyenera n'kofunika kwambiri. Kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri sikungapereke ma ayoni a cyanide okwanira kuti agwirizane ndi golide yense womwe ulipo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti golide asatuluke mokwanira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuchuluka kwambiri kungayambitse kupanga zinthu zosafunikira, monga zitsulo za cyanide ndi zitsulo zina zosafunika mu miyala yamtengo wapatali, komanso kumawonjezera mtengo ndi chiopsezo cha chilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa cyanide koyenera nthawi zambiri kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa miyala yamtengo wapatali komanso kupezeka kwa mchere wosokoneza. Kawirikawiri, pa miyala yamtengo wapatali ya golide, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa magawo osiyanasiyana a golide kuti igwirizane bwino ndi mtengo wake.

2. Kulamulira pH : pH ya yankho lochotsa madzi imakhudza kwambiri kukhazikika kwa cyanide ndi kuyamwa kwa madzi. Cyanide sikhazikika pakakhala acidic ndipo imatha kuwola ndikupanga mpweya woopsa kwambiri wa hydrogen cyanide. Pofuna kupewa izi, pH ya yankho lochotsa madzi nthawi zambiri imasungidwa pakati pa 10 - 11 pogwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena zinthu zina za alkaline. Pa pH iyi, cyanide imakhalabe mu mawonekedwe ake a ionic, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga golide ndi cyanide. Kuphatikiza apo, chilengedwe cha alkaline chingathandizenso kusungunula mchere wina womwe ungasokoneze kuyamwa kwa madzi.

3. Kutentha : Kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa mchere kumadalira kutentha. Kutentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa, koma kwenikweni, kusunga kutentha kwambiri kungakhale kokwera mtengo ndipo kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa cyanide. M'malo ozizira, kutentha kwa madzi kungakhale chinthu choletsa. Pansi pa 10 °C, kuchuluka kwa golide kumatsika kwambiri. Migodi ina ku Canada yagwiritsa ntchito kutentha kotayira kutentha kuti itenthetse madzi otayira, zomwe sizimangothandiza kuswa malire a kutentha komanso zimawonjezera nyengo yotayira madzi.

4. Kupezeka kwa Oksijeni : Oksijeni ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga cyanidation chifukwa chimasungunuka golide kuti apange golide wosungunuka - cyanide. Kupereka mpweya wokwanira kungathandize kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa leaching. Kuyika zida zomwe zimathandiza kuti mpweya ulowe, monga makina ojambulira mpweya, panthawi yomanga vat kungathandize kuti ore - cyanide solution ilowe bwino ndikuwonjezera liwiro la leaching. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Hazen Institute ku United States wasonyeza kuti kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu mulu wa ore (womwe ungagwiritsidwe ntchito mwanzeru pochotsa vat) sikungofupikitsa nthawi yochotsa komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa leaching ya golide.

Leaching Time

Nthawi yochotsa golide ndi chinthu china chofunikira. Nthawi yokwanira imafunika kuti cyanide igwirizane ndi golide yense amene alipo. Komabe, nthawi yayitali yochotsa golide ikhoza kukhala yosakwera mtengo ndipo ingayambitsenso kupanga zinthu zina. Nthawi yabwino yochotsera golide imadalira zinthu monga kukula kwa tinthu ta mkuwa, kuchuluka kwa cyanide, ndi kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina pamene golideyo ndi wabwino ndipo zinthu zomwe zikuchitika zikukonzedwa bwino, nthawi yochotsera golide ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi golide wokhuthala kapena zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri.

Kukhathamiritsa Njira

Ore Pretreatment

1. Kuphwanya ndi Kupera : Kuti muwonetsetse kukula koyenera kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, miyala iyenera kuphwanyidwa mosamala ndikuphwanyidwa. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba zophwanya ndi kupera kungathandize kukwaniritsa kufalikira kofanana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndikuwonjezera malo omwe alipo a cyanide-gold reaction.

2. Chithandizo cha Ma Ore Osaya : Pa ma ore osaya omwe ali ndi golide wophimbidwa mu sulfide kapena mchere wina, njira zochizira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito monga kuwotcha, bio-oxidation, kapena pressure oxidation. Kuwotcha kumatha kuswa mchere wa sulfide, kutulutsa golide wotsekeredwa ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndi cyanide solution. Bio-oxidation imagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tiwonjezere mchere wa sulfide, njira ina yabwino kwambiri m'malo mowotcha nthawi zina.

Njira Yothandizira

1. Kuyang'anira ndi Kusintha Kuchuluka kwa Cyanide : Yang'anirani mosalekeza kuchuluka kwa cyanide mu yankho lochotsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira monga titration kapena ion - selective electrodes. Kutengera zotsatira za kuyang'anira, sinthani kuchuluka kwa cyanide kuti mukhale ndi kuchuluka koyenera panthawi yonse yochotsa madzi.

2. Kuyang'anira ndi Kusintha pH : Yesani pH ya madzi oyeretsera pogwiritsa ntchito pH mita nthawi zonse ndikuwonjezera laimu kapena zinthu zina za alkaline ngati pakufunika kuti pH ikhale mkati mwa 10 - 11.

3. Kuwongolera Kutentha : Ngati kutentha kuli chinthu choletsa, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito makina otenthetsera kapena ozizira kuti musunge kutentha koyenera kuti madzi atuluke. Izi zingakhale zofunika kwambiri m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri.

4. Kukonza Mpweya wa Oksijeni : Onetsetsani kuti mpweya uli ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso wokhazikika m'makina otulutsira mpweya. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyendetsera mpweya bwino kapena powonjezera mankhwala otulutsa mpweya monga hydrogen peroxide ku yankho lotulutsira mpweya. Komabe, muyenera kusamala mukamagwiritsa ntchito hydrogen peroxide chifukwa imathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi cyanide ngati siiyendetsedwa bwino.

Kuwonjezera kwa Leaching Aid

Zothandizira zotulutsa zitha kuwonjezeredwa ku cyanide leaching slurry kuti muwongolere bwino. Zothandizira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo ma oxidizing agents, zowonjezera leaching agents, ndi zonyowetsa. Mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera mpweya - munali oxidizing wothandizila kuti cyanide leaching ndondomeko akhoza kuonjezera ogwira yogwira mpweya mu slurry, kupititsa patsogolo leaching dzuwa. Wonyowetsa amathandizira njira ya cyanide kulowa bwino mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono, makamaka pankhani ya miyala ya hydrophobic.

Kutsiliza

Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya sodium cyanide mu vat leaching ndi ntchito yovuta koma yofunika kwambiri pamakampani amigodi. Poganizira mozama ndi kulamulira zinthu monga makhalidwe a ore, ndondomeko ya ndondomeko, ndi nthawi ya leaching, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zowonjezeretsa, ndizotheka kusintha kwambiri kubwezeretsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ndi kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa chilengedwe chokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Kufufuza kosalekeza ndi zatsopano m'derali ndizofunikira kuti ndondomeko ya vat leaching ikhale yokhazikika komanso yopindulitsa pachuma pakapita nthawi.