Chithandizo cha Cyanide mu Miyezo ya Mgodi wa Golide ndi Ferrous Sulfate

Introduction

Miyendo ya migodi ya golide nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi milingo yambiri cyanide, yomwe ili ndi poizoni kwambiri ndipo imayika chiwopsezo chachikulu ku chilengedwe ndi thanzi la anthu. Kutayidwa kosayenera kwa michira imeneyi kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka, magwero a madzi, ndi mpweya. Choncho, njira zochizira zochotsera cyanide kuchokera nsonga za migodi ya golide ndi zofunika. Mwa njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira, ferrous sulphate yatuluka ngati reagent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo. Nkhaniyi ifotokozanso za kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ferrous sulfate pochiza cyanide mu michira ya migodi ya golide, kuphimba zinthu monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito, momwe amagwirira ntchito, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, komanso zabwino zake.

Njira Zochitira

Kupanga Ferrocyanide Complexes

Ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) ili ndi ayoni (Fe²⁺). ferrous sulfate ikawonjezedwa ku ma tailings a golide okhala ndi cyanide, ma ion a ferrous amakhudzidwa ndi ma cyanide ions aulere (CN⁻) m'michira. Zomwe zimachitika kwambiri ndikupangidwa kwa ma ferrocyanide complexes, omwe amatha kuimiridwa ndi ma chemical equation: Fe²⁺ + 6CN⁻ → Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻. Izi ndizomwe zimayambira pogwiritsira ntchito ferrous sulfate pochiza cyanide - yomwe ili ndi michira.

Mbadwo wa Prussian Blue

Pazifukwa zina, pamene sulphate yachitsulo imawonjezedwa ku cyanide - yomwe ili ndi yankho, zotsatira zina zimachitika. Cyanide imasinthidwa kukhala mpweya wosasungunuka wotchedwa ferric ferrocyanide, womwe nthawi zambiri umatchedwa Prussian blue. Zomwe zimachitika pakupanga buluu wa Prussian ndizovuta ndipo zimatha kuphweka motere: pambuyo pa kupanga ma ferrocyanide complexes, ma ferrous ions owonjezera amachitira ndi Fe(CN)₆⁴⁻ kupanga Fe₄(Fe(CN)₆)₃. Madzi osasungunukawa ndiwopindulitsa chifukwa amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa cyanide yaulere m'michira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti michirayo ikhale yochepa kwambiri.

Komabe, ziyenera kuzindikirika kuti zomwe zimachitika sizikhala zolunjika nthawi zonse. Buluu wa Prussian ukhoza kukhalapo m'njira zosiyanasiyana pansi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Mtundu umodzi woterewu ndi "buluu wosungunuka wa Prussian," woimiridwa ndi MFeⅢ(FeⅡ(CN)₆) (M = K kapena Na), womwe umapanga yankho la colloidal ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mvula ndi ma oxidation zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ferrous hydroxide zimathandizanso pazochitika zonse.

Zinthu Zogwira Ntchito

PH Mtengo

Phindu la pH la yankho limakhudza kwambiri zomwe zimachitika pakati pa ferrous sulfate ndi cyanide. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa pH pazomwe zimachitikira nthawi zambiri zimakhala pakati pa 5.5 ndi 6.5. Mu mtundu uwu wa pH, zomwe zimachitika pakati pa ayoni achitsulo ndi cyanide ndizofulumira komanso zomveka bwino. Pamene pH ili yotsika kwambiri (pansi pa 4), ayoni a ferrocyanide amakhala osakhazikika. Amatha kuchitapo kanthu popanga pentacyano - iron (II) complexes (Fe(CN)₅H₂O)³⁻, yomwe imasinthidwa mwachangu kukhala ma ferricyanide ions (Fe(CN)₆³⁻). Komano, pamene pH ndi apamwamba kuposa 7. insoluble Prussian buluu akhoza kuwola, kupanga ayoni ferrocyanide ndi zosiyanasiyana insoluble chitsulo okusayidi, amene ali zoipa kuchotsa cyanide.

Mlingo wa Ferrous sulfate

Mlingo wa ferrous sulfate uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala. Ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zomwe zili mu cyanide mu michira ndi mtundu wa madzi. Ngati mlingowo ndi wotsika kwambiri, sizingatheke kuchotsa cyanide kwathunthu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezo, ngati mlingowo uli wochuluka kwambiri, sudzangowononga chabe komanso ungayambitsenso zowononga zatsopano. Kupyolera mu zoyesera, zapezeka kuti chiŵerengero chabwino cha molar cha Fe mpaka CN⁻ ndi 0.5. Chiŵerengerochi chimapangitsa kuchotsa bwino kwa cyanide ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ferrous sulfate.

Nthawi Yosakaniza ndi Sedimentation

Kusakaniza kokwanira ndikofunikira kuti ma ion ferrous ndi cyanide athe kukhudzana ndikuchitapo kanthu. Yokwanira kusanganikirana nthawi zimathandiza kuti homogeneous kugawa reactants mu njira, kulimbikitsa anachita mlingo. Pambuyo pakuchitapo kanthu, nthawi yoyenera ya sedimentation imafunika. Nthawi imeneyi ndi yopindulitsa pakupanga madzi okhazikika komanso kuchepetsa ndende ya cyanide mu utsi. Nthawi yeniyeni yosakanikirana ndi kusungunuka imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, monga kuchuluka kwa cyanide m'michira ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza.

Mapulogalamu Othandiza

Nkhani Yophunzira ya Pulojekiti Yochiza Misala ya Miyala ya Golide

Mu ntchito ina yokonza michira ya golide, njira yophatikizira ya ferrous sulfate ndi laimu inakhazikitsidwa. Choyamba, laimu woyenerera anawonjezedwa m'madzi a tailings kuti asinthe pH kuti ikhale yoyenera (nthawi zambiri 5.5 - 6.5). Izi zimathandiza kulimbikitsa kusintha ndi mvula ya cyanide. Pambuyo pake, ferrous sulfate anawonjezedwa m’madzimo, ndipo mwa kusonkhezera, ayoni achitsulowo anagwira ntchito mokwanira ndi cyanide kupanga buluu wa Prussia ndi mafunde ena. Potsirizira pake, pambuyo pa mvula ndi kusefera, madzi onyansa oyeretsedwa anapezedwa. Michira yochiritsidwayo inakwaniritsa miyezo yoyenera ya chilengedwe, kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha chilengedwe kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza ndi ma Reagents Ena

Ferrous sulphate nthawi zambiri ntchito limodzi ndi reagents kusintha mankhwala kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, amagwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi mkulu - maselo flocculants monga polyacrylamide. Polyacrylamide imatha kupititsa patsogolo kuphatikizika kwa ma precipitates, kupangitsa kuti sedimentation igwire bwino ntchito. Njira yophatikizira iyi yamankhwala sikuti imachotsa bwino zinthu zovulaza m'michira komanso imachepetsa mtengo wamankhwala ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Ndi optimizing mlingo ndi zina zinayendera zosiyanasiyana reagents, bwino mankhwala zotsatira chingapezeke.

Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Ferrous Sulfate

Mtengo - kuchita bwino

Ferrous sulphate ndi yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi ma reagents ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza cyanide. Kupezeka kwake kwakukulu pamsika kumapangitsa kuti ikhale njira yosangalatsa kwa makampani opanga migodi golide. Kugwiritsa ntchito ferrous sulfate kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wopangira michira, makamaka pamigodi ikuluikulu ya golide yomwe imatulutsa michira yambiri. Kukwera mtengo kumeneku ndikofunikira kuti mabizinesi amigodi a golide azigwira ntchito mosasunthika.

Njira Yosavuta Yochizira

Njira yochizira pogwiritsa ntchito ferrous sulphate ndiyosavuta. Pambuyo powonjezera ferrous sulfate ku michira ndikusintha momwe zinthu ziliri, kulekana ndi mpweya wotsatira kumakhala kosavuta. Nthawi zina, madzi otayira opangidwa ndi ferrous sulfate safuna njira zovuta zolekanitsa asanapite ku njira ina yochizira, yomwe imapulumutsa mayunitsi komanso imathandizira njira yonse yothandizira. Kuphweka kumeneku kumapangitsanso kukhala kosavuta kwa ogwira ntchito kuwongolera ndikuwongolera njira ya chithandizo.

Zovuta ndi Zowona Zamtsogolo

Environmental Impact of By - product

Ngakhale mankhwala a ferrous sulfate amatha kuchotsa cyanide ku michira ya migodi ya golidi, zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa panthawiyi, monga chitsulo china - chokhala ndi mpweya, zimathanso kuwononga chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, ngati sichitayidwa bwino, madziwa amatha kutulutsa ayoni ayironi kapena zinthu zina m'chilengedwe pakapita nthawi. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akufunika kuti afufuze njira zogwira mtima kwambiri zothanirana ndi zinthuzi kuti zichepetse kufalikira kwa chilengedwe.

Kukhathamiritsa kwa Zikhalidwe Zochizira Zosiyanasiyana Zosiyanasiyana

Miyendo ya migodi ya golide imatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ndi katundu kuchokera ku mgodi umodzi kupita ku umzake. Zomwe zilipo panopa zothandizira ferrous sulfate, monga pH mtengo, mlingo, ndi nthawi yochitira, zingafunikire kukonzedwanso pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matailing. Kufufuza mozama kumafunika kuti pakhale njira yochiritsira yosinthika komanso yosinthika yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu yambiri ya michira ya migodi ya golide, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso mphamvu yamankhwala a cyanide.

Pomaliza, ferrous sulfate ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pochiza cyanide mu michira ya migodi ya golide. Pomvetsetsa momwe zimagwirira ntchito, kuwongolera momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndikuwunika momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, zitha kuthandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha ntchito zamigodi ya golide. Komabe, kufufuza kosalekeza ndi kukonzanso kumafunikabe kuti athetse mavuto okhudzana ndi njira yochizirayi komanso kuti migodi ya golide ikhale yokhazikika.