Njira Zamakampani Amigodi Pogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

Mu makampani opanga migodi, makamaka pochotsa golide, sodium cyanide imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni wake komanso mphamvu zake zowononga, njira zokhwima ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito, kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso kusunga malamulo oyendetsera ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza njira zonse zomwe makampani opanga migodi ayenera kutsatira akamagwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide.

Kumvetsetsa Sodium Cyanide

Zida

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi chinthu choyera, cholimba cha kristalo chokhala ndi fungo lochepa ngati la amondi. Chimasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, zomwe ndi zabwino komanso zovuta pantchito zamigodi. Kusungunuka kwake kumalola kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino mu njira yochotsera golide. Komabe, zikutanthauzanso kuti njira zoyenera zotetezera ndi kutaya ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.

Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito mu Mining

Mu migodi ya golide, Sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu njira yopangira cyanidation. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kupangidwa kwa golide wosungunuka ndi cyanide. Sodium cyanide solution imalowetsedwa mu ore, ndipo golide mkati mwa ore imasungunuka mu yankho. Pambuyo pake, yankho lokhala ndi golide limalekanitsidwa ndikuyengedwa kuti lipeze golide weniweni. Ngakhale kuti limagwira ntchito bwino pochotsa golide, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu.

Kusamala Zachitetezo Pogwira

Zida Zodzitetezera (PPE)

Ogwira ntchito yogwira sodium cyanide ayenera kukhala ndi PPE yoyenera nthawi zonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Magolovesi : Magolovesi osagwira ntchito ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi zinthu monga nitrile kapena neoprene ayenera kuvalidwa kuti khungu lisakhudze. Sodium cyanide imatha kuyamwa kudzera pakhungu, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu pa thanzi.

• Magalasi Oteteza Maso: Magalasi oteteza maso ku kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti ateteze maso ku kuwala kulikonse kwa sodium cyanide. Kukumana ndi cyanide m'maso kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso khungu.

• Ma Respiratory : Ma Respiratory okhala ndi makatiriji oyenera, omwe amatha kusefa utsi wa cyanide ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza sodium cyanide imatha kutulutsa mpweya woopsa wa hydrogen cyanide pansi pa mikhalidwe ina (monga ikakhudzana ndi asidi kapena kutentha), chitetezo cha kupuma n'chofunika kwambiri.

Njira Zogwirira Ntchito Motetezedwa

1. Kuyendera: Sodium cyanide iyenera kunyamulidwa m'zidebe zopangidwa mwapadera, zosatulutsa madzi. Magalimoto oyendera ayenera kukhala ndi zilembo zomveka bwino kuti ali ndi zinthu zoopsa. Pakuyendetsa, zidebezo ziyenera kumangidwa bwino kuti zisasunthike komanso kuti zisatayike.

2. Kusungirako :

• Malo Osankhidwa : Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa pamalo osungiramo zinthu apadera, okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso osiyana ndi mankhwala ena. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kupangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi cyanide.

• Kupumira mpweya : Njira zopumira mpweya zoyenera ziyenera kukhalapo kuti mpweya woipa usachuluke. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wopumira mpweya kuyenera kupangidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide yosungidwa komanso kukula kwa malo osungira.

• Chitetezo : Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala otetezeka kwambiri, okhala ndi anthu ochepa olowera. Anthu ovomerezeka okha ndi omwe ayenera kuloledwa kulowa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya "kutseka kawiri", komwe anthu awiri amafunika kulowa malo osungiramo zinthu nthawi imodzi, kungathandize kuti chitetezo chikhale cholimba.

3. Kusakaniza ndi Kusakaniza : Pokonzekera njira zothira sodium cyanide, njirayi iyenera kuchitika pamalo opumira bwino, motsatira njira zokhwima. Chiŵerengero choyenera cha sodium cyanide ndi madzi chiyenera kutsatiridwa, ndipo kusakaniza kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono kuti kupewe kutsanulira madzi. Ogwira ntchito omwe akusakaniza ayenera kuphunzitsidwa bwino komanso kukhala ndi zida zoyenera zotetezera.

4. Zipangizo Zotayira: Zipangizo zotayira ziyenera kupezeka mosavuta m'malo onse omwe sodium cyanide imagwiritsidwira ntchito. Zipangizozi ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zoyamwitsa, monga activated carbon kapena ma absorbent pads apadera, kuti zinyamule sodium cyanide yomwe yatayika. Zinthu zoletsa kutentha, monga hydrogen peroxide kapena sodium hypochlorite, ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa muzipangizo zotayira kuti zigwirizane ndi cyanide ndikuchepetsa poizoni wake. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa nthawi zonse za kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zotayira.

Emergency Response Plan

Kutayika kwa Spill

Pakatayika sodium cyanide, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kumafunika:

1. Kusamuka : Tulutsani anthu onse osafunikira m'derali. Onetsetsani kuti njira zotulutsira anthu zili ndi zizindikiro zomveka bwino komanso zopanda zopinga.

2. Kusunga : Gwiritsani ntchito zida zotayira madzi kuti muchepetse kufalikira kwa sodium cyanide yomwe yatayika. Zing'ambani malo otayira madzi ndi zinthu zoyamwitsa kuti cyanide isalowe m'madzi otayira madzi, m'magwero a madzi, kapena m'malo ena.

3. Chidziwitso : Uzani akuluakulu oyenerera, kuphatikizapo mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe ndi magulu othandizira pazadzidzidzi. Apatseni zambiri zokhudza mtundu wa kutayikirako, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide yomwe yakhudzidwa, ndi komwe kutayikirako.

4. Kuyeretsa : Pambuyo poti madzi atayika, ntchito yoyeretsa iyenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino. Zinthu zodetsedwa ziyenera kutengedwa ndikutayidwa bwino, motsatira malamulo onse oyenera.

Choyamba Chithandizo

1. Maphunziro : Ogwira ntchito onse omwe angakhudzidwe ndi sodium cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa njira zothanirana ndi vuto loyamba la cyanide. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuzindikira zizindikiro za poizoni wa cyanide, zomwe zimatha kuyambira pazizindikiro zochepa monga nseru, chizungulire, ndi kupuma movutikira mpaka zizindikiro zazikulu monga kutaya chikumbumtima ndi kupuma movutikira.

2. Chithandizo cha Oxygen : Ngati cyanide yapezeka, chithandizo cha okosijeni chiyenera kuperekedwa nthawi yomweyo. Mpweya wochuluka ungathandize kuthana ndi zotsatira za cyanide, zomwe zimasokoneza mphamvu ya thupi yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya m'maselo.

3. Kupereka Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa : Mankhwala oletsa kutupa kwa cyanide, monga hydroxocobalamin kapena sodium thiosulfate, ayenera kupezeka mosavuta. Ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino ayenera kupereka mankhwala oyenera mwamsanga, motsatira mlingo ndi njira zoyenera.

Kutsatira Koyang'anira

Malamulo a Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Makampani amigodi ayenera kutsatira malamulo a OSHA okhudzana ndi kasamalidwe kotetezeka kwa mankhwala oopsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Zofunikira pa Maphunziro : Kupereka maphunziro okwanira kwa antchito pa zoopsa za sodium cyanide ndi njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito. Maphunziro ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha kulikonse kwa malamulo kapena machitidwe abwino.

2. Malire Okhudzana ndi Kuwonekera : Kuyang'anira ndi kusunga malire okhudzidwa ndi sodium cyanide kuntchito. OSHA imakhazikitsa malire ololedwa okhudzidwa ndi mpweya wa cyanide (PELs), ndipo makampani ayenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kuwonetsedwa ndi antchito sikupitirira malire awa.

3. Kusunga Zolemba : Kusunga zolemba mwatsatanetsatane za maphunziro a antchito, zotsatira za kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili, ndi zochitika zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide.

Malamulo a Zachilengedwe

1. Kulola : Kupeza zilolezo zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kutaya sodium cyanide. Makampani opanga migodi ayenera kuwonetsa mabungwe oyang'anira zachilengedwe kuti ali ndi njira zoyenera zochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito cyanide.

2. Kutaya Zinyalala : Kutaya bwino zinyalala zokhala ndi cyanide. Cyanide - zinthu zodetsedwa, monga zinyalala zochokera mu njira yochotsera golide, ziyenera kukonzedwa ndikutayidwa m'njira yogwirizana ndi malamulo azachilengedwe. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo njira monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tigwetse cyanide kapena kuteteza malo otayira zinyalala m'malo ovomerezeka.

3. Kuyang'anira : Kuyang'anira dothi, madzi, ndi mpweya pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ya migodi nthawi zonse kuti mudziwe ngati pali kuipitsidwa kwa cyanide. Zizindikiro zilizonse za kuipitsidwa ziyenera kufotokozedwa nthawi yomweyo kwa akuluakulu azachilengedwe, ndipo njira zowongolera ziyenera kutengedwa.

Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro

Maphunziro a Ogwira Ntchito

1. Maphunziro Oyamba : Antchito atsopano ayenera kulandira maphunziro ozama okhudza makhalidwe a sodium cyanide, zoopsa zake, ndi njira zonse zotetezera zokhudzana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake ndi kusungidwa kwake. Maphunzirowa ayenera kuphatikizapo chidziwitso cha chiphunzitso ndi zitsanzo zothandiza.

2. Maphunziro Otsitsimula : Maphunziro otsitsimula nthawi zonse ayenera kuchitika kwa ogwira ntchito onse. Maphunzirowa amatha kulimbikitsa machitidwe otetezeka, kudziwitsa antchito za kusintha kulikonse kwa njira kapena malamulo, komanso kuthana ndi mavuto atsopano achitetezo.

3. Kuwunika Ubwino : Kuchita kuwunika luso kuti zitsimikizire kuti antchito ali ndi luso logwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Kuwunika kungaphatikizepo mayeso olembedwa, ziwonetsero za luso lothandiza, ndi zitsanzo za mayankho adzidzidzi.

Maphunziro Opitilira

1. Zosintha Zamakampani : Kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha zomwe zachitika posachedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino sodium cyanide. Izi zitha kuchitika polembetsa ku zofalitsa zamakampani, kutenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano yapaintaneti, komanso kutsatira zilengezo za mabungwe olamulira.

2. Masemina ndi Misonkhano : Kulimbikitsa antchito kuti apite kumisonkhano ndi misonkhano yokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha migodi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Zochitikazi zingapereke mwayi wothandizana ndi anthu komanso kudziwa njira zatsopano zotetezera.

3. Kulankhulana Kwamkati : Kusunga njira yolumikizirana yamkati yogwira mtima kuti igawane zambiri zachitetezo, njira zabwino, ndi malipoti aliwonse a zochitika pakati pa antchito. Izi zingathandize kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe choganizira za chitetezo mkati mwa kampani ya migodi.

Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pantchito zamigodi kumafuna njira zambiri zowonetsetsa kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino komanso kuti zinthu zikuyendereni bwino. Mwa kumvetsetsa makhalidwe ndi zoopsa za sodium cyanide, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera mwamphamvu , kukhala ndi dongosolo lothandiza pothana ndi mavuto adzidzidzi, kutsatira malamulo, komanso kupereka maphunziro ndi maphunziro osalekeza, makampani opanga migodi amatha kuchepetsa zoopsa zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide ndikuthandizira kuti makampani opanga migodi akhale otetezeka komanso okhazikika.