Njira Zamakampani Amigodi Pogwiritsa Ntchito Sodium Cyanide

M'makampani amigodi, makamaka pakuchotsa golide, sodium cyanide amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha poizoni kwambiri komanso zotakataka, okhwima Njira ziyenera kukhalapo kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndi kusunga malamulo. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ndondomeko zomwe makampani amigodi ayenera kutsatira akamagwiritsa ntchito Sodium Cyanide.

Kumvetsetsa Sodium Cyanide

Zida

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ndi yoyera, yolimba mwa kristalo yokhala ndi amondi wofooka - ngati fungo. Ndiwosungunuka kwambiri m'madzi, zomwe ndi zabwino komanso zovuta pantchito zamigodi. The solubility imalola kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito moyenera ndondomeko ya cyanidation kwa kutulutsa golide. Komabe, zikutanthawuzanso kuti njira zoyenera zosungira ndi kutaya ndizofunikira kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe.

Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito mu Mining

Mu migodi golide, Sodium cyanide Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu njira ya cyanidation. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupanga golide wosungunuka - cyanide complex. Njira ya sodium cyanide imalowetsedwa ku ore, ndipo golidi mkati mwa ore amasungunuka. Pambuyo pake, njira yonyamula golide imasiyanitsidwa ndikuyengedwa kuti ipeze golide weniweni. Ngakhale kuti imakhala yogwira mtima pochotsa golide, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide kumabwera ndi zoopsa zazikulu.

Kusamala Zachitetezo Pogwira

Zida Zodzitetezera (PPE)

Ogwira ntchito yogwira sodium cyanide ayenera kukhala ndi PPE yoyenera nthawi zonse. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Magolovesi: Magolovesi osamva mankhwala opangidwa ndi zinthu monga nitrile kapena neoprene ayenera kuvala kuti asakhudze khungu. Sodium cyanide imatha kuyamwa pakhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi.

• Goggles: Magalasi opangira umboni ndi ofunikira kuti ateteze maso kuti asawonongedwe ndi mayankho a sodium cyanide. Kuwonekera kwa cyanide m'maso kumatha kuwononga kwambiri komanso ngakhale khungu.

• Oyankha: Zopumira zokhala ndi makatiriji oyenerera, otha kusefa utsi wa cyanide ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Popeza sodium cyanide imatha kutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni wa hydrogen cyanide pansi pamikhalidwe ina (monga ngati yakumana ndi zidulo kapena kutentha), chitetezo cha kupuma ndikofunikira.

Njira Zogwirira Ntchito Motetezedwa

1.Mayendedwe: Sodium cyanide iyenera kunyamulidwa muzotengera zopangidwa mwapadera, zotsikira. Magalimoto oyendera ayenera kulembedwa momveka bwino kuti amanyamula zinthu zowopsa. Poyendetsa, zotengerazo ziyenera kutetezedwa bwino kuti zisasunthe komanso kuti zitha kutayikira.

2.Kusungira:

• Madera Osankhidwa: Sodium cyanide iyenera kusungidwa pamalo osungiramo odzipereka, omwe ali ndi mpweya wabwino komanso wosiyana ndi mankhwala ena. Malo osungiramo ayenera kumangidwa ndi zipangizo zomwe sizingawonongeke ndi cyanide.

• magawanidwe: Payenera kukhala makina olowera mpweya okwanira kuti mpweya wapoizoni usachuluke. Mpweya wabwino uyenera kupangidwa potengera kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide yosungidwa komanso kukula kwa malo osungira.

• Security: Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala otetezeka kwambiri, okhala ndi malire. Ovomerezeka okha ndi omwe ayenera kuloledwa kulowa. Kukhazikitsa dongosolo la "double - lock", pomwe anthu awiri amafunikira kuti apeze malo osungira nthawi imodzi, akhoza kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo.

3.Kusakaniza ndi Kusakaniza: Pokonzekera njira za sodium cyanide, ndondomekoyi iyenera kuchitidwa m'dera lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino, potsatira ndondomeko zokhwima. Chiŵerengero cholondola cha sodium cyanide ndi madzi chiyenera kutsatiridwa, ndipo kusakaniza kuyenera kuchitika pang'onopang'ono kuti asagwedezeke. Ogwira nawo ntchito yosakaniza ayenera kukhala ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso okonzeka ndi PPE yoyenera.

4.Spill Kits: Zida zotayira ziyenera kupezeka mosavuta kumadera onse kumene sodium cyanide imayendetsedwa. Zidazi ziyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zoyamwa, monga activated carbon kapena zoyamwitsa zapadera, kuti zilowerere sodium cyanide yotayika. Zothandizira zopanda mphamvu, monga hydrogen peroxide kapena sodium hypochlorite, ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa mu zida zotayira kuti zigwirizane ndi cyanide ndikuchepetsa kawopsedwe ake. Ogwira ntchito akuyenera kuphunzitsidwa nthawi zonse kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zotayira.

Emergency Response Plan

Kutayika kwa Spill

Pakatayika sodium cyanide, kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kumafunika:

1. Kutuluka: Chotsani anthu onse osafunikira mderali. Onetsetsani kuti njira zotulutsiramo zalembedwa bwino komanso mulibe zopinga.

2. Chotulukapo: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zotayira kuti mukhale ndi kufalikira kwa sodium cyanide yotayika. Muzizungulira malo otayirako ndi zinthu zoyamwa kuti cyanide isalowe mu ngalande, magwero a madzi, kapena madera ena.

3. Chidziwitso: Dziwitsani akuluakulu oyenerera, kuphatikizapo mabungwe oteteza zachilengedwe ndi magulu okhudzidwa ndi ngozi. Apatseni chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha momwe adatayira, kuchuluka kwa sodium cyanide yomwe ikukhudzidwa, komanso komwe kudatayikira.

4. Konza: Pambuyo pakutayika, ntchito yoyeretsa iyenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu ophunzitsidwa bwino. Zinthu zoipitsidwa ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndikutayidwa moyenera, kutsatira malamulo onse ofunikira.

Choyamba Chithandizo

1. Training: Ogwira ntchito onse omwe angakumane ndi sodium cyanide ayenera kuphunzitsidwa njira zothandizira zoyamba za cyanide. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuzindikira zizindikiro za poizoni wa cyanide, zomwe zimatha kuchokera ku zizindikiro zochepa monga nseru, chizungulire, ndi kupuma movutikira mpaka zizindikiro zazikulu monga kutaya chidziwitso ndi kumangidwa kwa kupuma.

2. Thandizo la oxygen: Pakakhala cyanide, chithandizo cha okosijeni chiyenera kuperekedwa mwamsanga. Mpweya wothamanga kwambiri ungathandize kuthana ndi zotsatira za cyanide, zomwe zimasokoneza mphamvu ya thupi yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya pama cell.

3. Antidote Administration: Mankhwala othana ndi poizoni wa cyanide, monga hydroxocobalamin kapena sodium thiosulfate, ayenera kupezeka mosavuta. Ogwira ntchito ophunzitsidwa bwino ayenera kupereka mankhwala oyenerera mwamsanga, potsatira mlingo ndi ndondomeko zovomerezeka.

Kutsatira Koyang'anira

Malamulo a Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).

Makampani amigodi ayenera kutsatira malamulo a OSHA okhudzana ndi kasamalidwe kotetezeka kwa mankhwala oopsa. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Zofunika Kuphunzitsa: Kupereka maphunziro okwanira kwa ogwira ntchito pa zoopsa za sodium cyanide ndi njira zoyendetsera bwino. Maphunzirowa ayenera kusinthidwa pafupipafupi kuti awonetse kusintha kulikonse kapena machitidwe abwino.

2. Malire Owonetsera: Kuyang'anira ndi kusunga malire a sodium cyanide kuntchito. OSHA imayika malire ovomerezeka (PELs) a cyanide ya airborne, ndipo makampani ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti kuwonetsetsa kwa ogwira ntchito sikudutsa malirewa.

3. Record - Kusunga: Kusunga zolemba zatsatanetsatane za maphunziro a antchito, zotsatira zowunikira, ndi zochitika zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka sodium cyanide.

Malamulo a Zachilengedwe

1. Kuloleza: Kupeza zilolezo zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kutaya sodium cyanide. Makampani amigodi akuyenera kuwonetsa kwa mabungwe owongolera zachilengedwe kuti ali ndi njira zoyenera zochepetsera kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito cyanide.

2. Kutaya Kutaya: Kutaya bwino cyanide - yomwe ili ndi zinyalala. Cyanide - zinthu zoipitsidwa, monga michira kuchokera pakuchotsa golide, ziyenera kusamalidwa ndikutayidwa m'njira yogwirizana ndi malamulo a chilengedwe. Izi zingaphatikizepo njira monga mankhwala opangira mankhwala kuti awononge cyanide kapena kuteteza kutayira kumalo ovomerezeka.

3. Kuwunika: Kuyang'anira nthaka, madzi, ndi mpweya nthawi zonse pafupi ndi migodi yomwe ili pafupi ndi migodi ya cyanide. Zizindikiro zilizonse za kuipitsidwa ziyenera kufotokozedwa mwachangu kwa oyang'anira zachilengedwe, ndipo njira zowongolera ziyenera kuchitidwa.

Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro

Maphunziro a Ogwira Ntchito

1. Maphunziro Oyamba: Ogwira ntchito atsopano ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mozama za sodium cyanide, zoopsa zake, ndi njira zonse zotetezera zokhudzana ndi kagwiridwe ndi kasungidwe kake. Maphunzirowa azikhala ndi chidziwitso chaukadaulo komanso ziwonetsero zantchito.

2. Maphunziro Otsitsimutsa: Maphunziro obwerezabwereza ayenera kuchitidwa kwa ogwira ntchito onse. Magawowa amatha kulimbikitsa machitidwe otetezeka, kusinthira antchito pazosintha zilizonse zamachitidwe kapena malamulo, ndikuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zachitetezo.

3. Mayeso a luso: Kuchita zowunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti ogwira ntchito akudziwa bwino kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Kuwunika kungaphatikizepo mayeso olembedwa, mawonetseredwe a luso lothandizira, ndi zoyeserera zakuyankha mwadzidzidzi.

Maphunziro Opitilira

1. Zosintha Zamakampani: Kukhala wodziwa zambiri zaposachedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino sodium cyanide. Izi zitha kutheka polembetsa ku zofalitsa zamakampani, kutenga nawo gawo pamabwalo apaintaneti, ndikutsatira zilengezo zamabungwe owongolera.

2. Masemina ndi Maphunziro: Kulimbikitsa ogwira ntchito kuti apite kumisonkhano ndi zokambirana zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha migodi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide. Zochitika izi zitha kupereka mwayi wofunikira pamanetiweki ndikuwonetseredwa kumatekinoloje atsopano achitetezo ndi machitidwe.

3. Kuyankhulana Kwapakati: Kusunga njira yolumikizirana yamkati yothandiza kugawana zidziwitso zachitetezo, machitidwe abwino, ndi malipoti aliwonse omwe achitika pakati pa antchito. Izi zitha kuthandiza kulimbikitsa chikhalidwe chachitetezo mkati mwa kampani yamigodi.

Pomaliza, kugwiritsa ntchito sodium cyanide pantchito zamigodi kumafuna njira zambiri zowonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi kutsatira. Mwa kumvetsetsa katundu ndi kuopsa kwa sodium cyanide, kutsatira okhwima zotetezera chitetezo, kukhala ndi ndondomeko yothandiza yadzidzidzi, kutsata malamulo, ndi kupereka maphunziro ndi maphunziro osalekeza, makampani a migodi amatha kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa sodium cyanide ndikuthandizira ku migodi yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika.