Emergency Response Matanho eSodium Cyanide Leakage mumvura

1. ziviso

Sodium cyanide ikemikari ine chepfu yakawanda. Kana ikadonhera mumvura, inogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru kune zvakatipoteredza uye hutano hwevanhu. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kutora matanho ekupindura nekukurumidza uye anoshanda . Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura zvakadzama nzira dzekugadzirisa dambudziko rekudonhera mumvura ne sodium cyanide .

2. Pa-saiti Kudzora uye Alert

2.1. Pamberi Pakusvika kwe Professional Teams

Kana Sodium Cyanide ikadonha mumvura panguva yekutakura kana kuchengetwa, kana vashandi vepanzvimbo iyi vaine maturusi kana matanho anoshanda ekuvhura mvura uye vachigona kuva nechokwadi chekuti vakachengeteka, vanofanira kuita mabasa ekuvhura mvura nekukurumidza kuti vadzore huwandu hwekubuda kwemvura. Zvisinei, kana pasina mamiriro akadaro, vanofanira kukurumidza kuzivisa tsaona uye kuve nebasa rekuisa yambiro munzvimbo yetsaona.

Sekureva kweNorth American Chemical Rescue Guide yegore ra2000, kana huwandu hwakawanda (hunopfuura 200 kg) hweSodium cyanide hukadonha mumvura, nzvimbo yekuchengetera mvura panguva yekukurumidza haifanirwe kunge iri pasi pe95 m. Kazhinji, vashandi vepanzvimbo iyi vanofanirwa kugadzira nzvimbo yekuyambira inosvika 500 - 10000 m zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekubuda kwesodium cyanide, mamiriro ekupararira kwayo, uye nzvimbo yakakanganiswa. Panguva imwe chete, ronga vashandi kuti vagadzire nyevero pamhenderekedzo dzese dzenzizi kana dzakapoteredza madhamu, uye varambidze zvakanyanya mabasa ese akadai sekunwa mvura, kushandisa mvura, uye kubata hove.

2.2. Mushure mekusvika kweProfessional Teams

Kana vedhipatimendi remoto kana timu yehunyanzvi yekupindura emergency ikasvika panzvimbo, ivo vanotora basa rekutonga saiti. Vachawedzera kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, kusimbisa nzvimbo yakangwarira, uye kuona kuti hapana vashandi vasina kubvumirwa kana motokari dzinopinda munzvimbo. Ivo zvakare vachashandisa michina yehunyanzvi kuona kuwanda kwe sodium cyanide mumvura uye kupararira renji, kuitira kuti vape hwaro hwematanho ekurapa anotevera.

3. Environmental Clean - kumusoro

3.1. Kuvaka Zvipingamupinyi

Imwe yematanho ekutanga mukuchenesa kwezvakatipoteredza - kumusoro ndeyekuvaka zvipingamupinyi. Semuyenzaniso, kuvaka rwizi-kuvharira dhamu pedyo nerwizi kunokwanisa kudzivirira mvura yemurwizi yakasviba kuti irege kuyerera ichidzika nepamusoro perwizi, nokudaro zvichideredza nzvimbo yekusvibiswa. Izvi zvinoda kuti vashandi vepanzvimbo kuti vaone nzvimbo yakakodzera yekuvaka dhamu zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye kuyerera kwemvura.

3.2. Kemikari Neutralization

Mushure mekuvaka chipingamupinyi, danho rinotevera nderekumisa maion cyanide mumvura yakasvibiswa. Nhamba yakawanda yequicklime (calcium oxide) kana calcium hypochlorite inogona kuiswa mumvura yakasvibiswa. Izvi zvinhu zvinogona kuita ne sodium cyanide mumvura kuti isaite cyanide ions uye kuderedza huturu hwadzo. Huwandu hwemakemikari akawedzerwa hunoda kutariswa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa uye huwandu hwemvura yakasvibiswa. Kazhinji, vashandi vekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza vanoverenga uye kutungamira basa racho.

Kana kusvibiswa kwakanyanyisa, zvingave zvakakosha kuvhura mugero mutsva kumusoro kwerwizi kutsausa mvura yakachena kubva kumusoro kwerwizi kuti inyenyeredze nzvimbo ine tsvina. Iyi nzira inogona kuderedza mvura yakasvibiswa uye kuderedza kuwanda kwe sodium cyanide mumvura kusvika pamwero wakati.

3.3. Kurapa kweMicro - soluble kana Insoluble Cyanide - ine Zvinhu

Kana chinhu chakadeuka chiri micro-soluble or insoluble nitrile liquid (senge mamwe marudzi emakomboni enitrile), matanho akasiyana anofanira kutorwa zvichienderana nekuwanda kwayo.

Kuzvinhu zvine density yakakura kudarika iyo yemvura (sephenylacetonitrile), nekukasika, mugero wekuunganidza kana gomba rinofanira kucherwa zasi kwepanobuda mvura pazasi perwizi kana dhamu. Panguva imwecheteyo, dhiki rinofanirwa kuvakwa zasi kwegomba rekuunganidza kana gomba kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura kuyerera.

Kune zvinhu zvine density yakaderera pane yemvura (senge valeronitrile, phenylacetonitrile), dike, dhamu, sefa mambure, kana fenzi inoyangarara inofanira kukurumidza kuvakwa pasi pemvura yadeuka yemvura kuti kuderedze nzvimbo yemvura yakasvibiswa.

4. Kuonekwa kwehutano hwemvura

Kugaroonekwa kwemhando yemvura chinhu chakakosha chemhinduro yekukurumidzira. Vashandi vekuona vanofanirwa kushandisa michina yekuongorora yehunyanzvi kuti vagare vachiona mhando yemvura yenzvimbo yakasvibiswa. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuona huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwecyanide mumvura.

Kana iyo yakaonekwa yesodium cyanide mumvura inodarika chiyero munzvimbo yakakura kupfuura inotarisirwa, zvingave zvakakosha kuwedzera nzvimbo yakangwarira panguva yakakodzera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda yakapoteredza uye vanhu. Kuonekwa kwemhando yemvura kunofanirwa kuitwa nguva nenguva kudzamara mvura yadzokera kune yakajairwa uye inosangana nezvinodiwa zvezvakatipoteredza.

5. Kuchengetedza

5.1. Kudzivirirwa Kwemunhu

Vese vari pasaiti vashandi, kusanganisira vekutanga vanopindura, vashandi vekuchenesa, uye vanoedza zvemhando yemvura, vanofanirwa kupfeka zvekuzvidzivirira nazvo. Izvi zvinosanganisira mhepo - kufema midziyo, yakazara - yakavharirwa makemikari ekudzivirira masutu, uye kemikari - inodzivirira magirovhosi. Kunyanya kucherechedzwa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kudzivirira ganda kuti risasangana nemvura yakasvibiswa, sezvo sodium cyanide inogona kunyudzwa kuburikidza neganda uye kukonzera chepfu.

5.2. Kudzivisa Kusvibiswa Kwechipiri

Munguva yekupindura kwechimbichimbi, kungwarira kukuru kunofanirwa kutorwa kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Semuenzaniso, mvura yetsvina inogadzirwa panguva yekucheneswa-up process inofanirwa kuunganidzwa nemazvo nekugadziriswa. Hazvifanirwe kubudiswa zvakananga mune mamwe matumbi emvura pasina kurapwa. Zvese zvinorasa, senge zvinhu zvinonyudza zvinoshandiswa kuchenesa kudonha, zvinofanirwa kuraswa zvakanaka kudzivirira kubuda kwe sodium cyanide.

5.3. Ruzivo Rwevanhu Nekutaurirana

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuzivisa veruzhinji munguva yakakodzera nezve sodium cyanide leakage tsaona uye kufambira mberi kwematanho emhinduro yekukurumidzira. Veruzhinji vanofanira kuziviswa kuti vasashandise mvura ine tsvina uye kuti vasadye hove dzinenge dzabatwa munzvimbo ine tsvina. Panguva imwecheteyo, kutarisa kwemvura kunofanirwa kusimbiswa, masampuli anofanirwa kutorwa nguva nenguva uye panzvimbo dzakatarwa, uye mhedzisiro yekutarisa inofanirwa kuziviswa panguva yakakodzera kuti ibvise kuvhunduka kwevanhu uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana munharaunda.

Mukupedzisa, kana sodium cyanide ichipinda mumvura, nhevedzano yesainzi uye inoshanda yekupindura nhanho dzinofanirwa kutorwa nekukurumidza. Kuburikidza ne-pa-saiti kutonga, kuchenesa kwezvakatipoteredza, kutariswa kwemhando yemvura, uye kuita kwakasimba kwekuchengetedza, kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa nesodium cyanide kuvuza kunogona kudzikiswa kuchengetedza nharaunda uye hutano hweveruzhinji.