Emergency Kubata Matanho eNyika Kudonha kweSodium Cyanide

1. Mhinduro Yekukurumidza uye Chiziviso

• Kuzivisa Ruzivo : Kana mvura yabuda musodium cyanide yaonekwa panyika, danho rekutanga nderekukurumidzira kuzivisa chiitiko ichi kubazi rezvekukurumidzira remunharaunda, dhipatimendi rekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza, uye masangano akakodzera ekutarisira kuchengetedzeka kwemaindasitiri. Ipa ruzivo rwakadzama senge nzvimbo yabuda mvura, huwandu hunofungidzirwa hwemvura yabuda musodium cyanide , uye chero njodzi dzinogona kuitika kunzvimbo dziri pedyo, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzekugara, masosi emvura, uye nharaunda dzine njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza.

• Kuunganidza Chikwata Chenjodzi : Shandisa timu yekubatsira vanhu panguva yenjodzi yakatotangwa. Chikwata ichi chinofanira kunge chine nyanzvi dzakadzidziswa kubata nezviitiko zvine njodzi zvemakemikari, kusanganisira makhemisi, vanodzima moto vane hunyanzvi hwekubatsira vanhu panguva yenjodzi, uye mainjiniya ekuchengetedza nharaunda. Ita shuwa kuti nhengo dzese dzechikwata dzaziviswa nekukurumidza uye vanoziva mabasa avo chaiwo mukupindura vanhu panguva yenjodzi.

2. Kuparadzaniswa kweSaiti uye Kubuda

• Kugadzira Muganho Wakachengeteka : Gadzira muganho wekuchengetedza wakakomberedza nzvimbo inobuda mvura. Ukuru hwemuganho hunofanira kutariswa zvichibva pazvinhu zvakaita sehuwandu hweSodium cyanide inobuda , divi remhepo, uye topography. Senhungamiro yakajairika, kuti pave nekubuda mvura kwakawanda, nzvimbo yekutanga yekuparadzanisa inosvika mamita zana inogona kudiwa, asi izvi zvinofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo. Shandisa zvipingamupinyi zvakaita sezvipingamupinyi, matepi, kana mota kuratidza muganho zvakajeka.

• Kubviswa Kwevanhu Vane Dambudziko : Bvisai vanhu vese vasiri vebasa munzvimbo dziri munzvimbo dzakatarwa uye munzvimbo dzinogona kukanganiswa nemhepo. Ipai mirairo yakajeka yekubviswa kwevanhu kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai semasipika, zviziviso zvekukurumidza panharembozha, uye zviziviso zvenhau dzemuno. Sarudzai nzira dzakachengeteka dzekubviswa kwevanhu dzinodzivirira nzvimbo dzine njodzi yekubatwa nesodium cyanide . Itai kuti mapoka evanhu vasina simba, vakaita sevakwegura, vakaremara, nevana, vabatsirwe zvakanyanya panguva yekubviswa kwevanhu.

3. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) yeVashandi Vanopindura

• Kusarudzwa Kwakakodzera kwePPE : Vashandi vese vari mubasa rekubatsira vanhu panguva yekukurumidzira vanofanira kupfeka midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera. Izvi zvinosanganisira masutu asingapindi mhepo anofukidza muviri wese, midziyo yekufema inokwana wega (SCBA) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mhepo yakachena inowanikwa, magirovhosi asingapindi makemikari, uye bhutsu. PPE inofanira kunge iri yemhando yepamusoro uye yakakodzera kudzivirirwa kubva kuhunhu hwe sodium cyanide hune chepfu.

• Kudzidziswa pakushandisa PPE : Usati watanga kupindura, iva nechokwadi chekuti vese vanopindura panguva yenjodzi vakadzidziswa zvakanaka kushandisa, kupfeka, uye kubvisa michina yekudzivirira. Kudzidzira nguva dzose kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti varambe vaine hunyanzvi, sezvo kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwePPE kunogona kutungamira panjodzi huru kune vanopindura.

4. Leakage Source Control

• Kuvhara Mavharuvhu Uye Kumisa Kuburitswa : Kana zvichibvira, ziva uye vhara mavharuvhu kana manyuko ari kukonzera kubuda kwe sodium cyanide. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kudzima mapaipi, kuvhara mavharuvhu etangi rekuchengetera, kana kumisa kushanda kwemidziyo ine chekuita nekubuda kwemvura. Zvisinei, izvi zvinofanirwa kuyedzwa chete nevashandi vakadzidziswa vakapfeka PPE yakakodzera uye mushure mekuona kuti zvinogona kuitwa zvakachengeteka.

• Kudzivirira Kubuda Kwemvura : Kana mvura ichibuda mu sodium cyanide, shandisa zvinhu zvinonyungudutsa mvura zvakaita se activated Carbon , vermiculite, kana ma pads anodzivirira kunyungudutsa mvura kuti ipinde nekunyudza mvura inenge yabuda. Vaka madhirowa enguva pfupi kana zvidziviriro zvakatenderedza nzvimbo inobuda mvura uchishandisa zvinhu zvakaita sejecha remvura kudzivirira kupararira kwemvura inonzi sodium cyanide. Zvidziviriro izvi zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuti zvitungamirire kuyerera kwemvura inenge yabuda kuenda kunzvimbo inodzorwa.

• Kubata Kubuda Kwemvura Yakaoma : Kana paine kubuda kwemvura yakasimba ye sodium cyanide, shandisa mafoshoro akachena uye akaoma kuti uunganidze zvidimbu zvakasimba nokungwarira. Isa sodium cyanide yakaunganidzwa mumidziyo yakachena, yakaoma, uye yakavharwa zvakanaka. Dzivisa kugadzira guruva panguva yekuunganidza, sezvo guruva re sodium cyanide rinobuda mumhepo rinogona kuva nechepfu yakanyanya.

5. Decontamination uye Kuchenesa - kumusoro

• Kubvisa mabhakitiriya mumakemikari : Mushure mekubvisa madonhwe emvura, shandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzekubvisa mabhakitiriya mumakemikari. Imwe nzira yakajairika ndeyekushandisa mhinduro dzakasimba dzealkaline hypochlorite. Shandisa sodium cyanide nehypochlorite munzvimbo yakadzorwa. Maitiro acho anowanzo tora maawa angangoita makumi maviri nemana kuti cyanide iparadzwe kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadzi zvakanyanya. Zvisinei, maitiro aya anofanira kuitwa zvichienderana nemitemo yakasimba yekuchengetedza uye pasi pekutarisirwa kwenyanzvi.

• Kuchenesa Nzvimbo : Kana mushonga wekubvisa makemikari wapera, chenesa nzvimbo yakakanganiswa zvakanaka. Bvisa ivhu rese rakasviba, marara, nezvinhu zvinonyungudutsa. Zvinhu izvi zvinofanira kubatwa semarara ane ngozi uye zvoendeswa kunzvimbo yekurasira marara ane ngozi ine rezinesi kuti zviraswe zvakanaka. Geza nzvimbo yacho nemvura yakawanda, asi iva nechokwadi chekuti mvura inoyerera yaunganidzwa uye yagadziriswa kuti ibvise chero zviratidzo zvecyanide isati yaburitswa munzvimbo yakatenderedza.

6. Medical Response uye Monitoring

• Rubatsiro Rwekutanga Kune Vakakuvara Nechirwere : Ipa rubatsiro rwekutanga nekukurumidza kune chero munhu akambobatwa nesodium cyanide. Kana ganda rabatwa, bvisa mbatya dzakasvibiswa nekukurumidza wogeza ganda rakakuvara nemvura yakawanda inoyerera kana 5% sodium thiosulfate solution kwemaminitsi makumi maviri. Kana munhu akafema, fambisa munhu wacho kunzvimbo ine mhepo itsva nekukurumidza. Kana kufema kana kurova kwemoyo kwemunhu wacho kwamira, ita kuti cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), asi dzivisa muromo nemuromo. Pane kudaro, shandisa mudziyo unovhara kana nzira dzekufema dzemuchina.

• Kuongororwa Kwechiremba : Gadzira nzvimbo yekutarisa varwere pedyo nenzvimbo yechiitiko kuti ugare uchitarisa hutano hwevanopindura uye vanhu vanogona kunge vakabatwa nechirwere. Ita ongororo dzechiremba nguva dzose, kusanganisira kuongororwa kweropa kuti uone chero zviratidzo zve cyanide chepfu. Ipa mukana wekuwana kurapwa kwakakosha kune avo vanoratidza zviratidzo zvekubatwa nechirwere, zvakaita semusoro, dzungu, kuda kurutsa, uye kunetseka kufema.

7. Environmental Monitoring

• Kutarisa Hunhu Hwemhepo : Gara uchitarisa hunhu hwemhepo munzvimbo inobuda mvura uchishandisa michina yekuona gasi. Yera huwandu hwegasi rehydrogen cyanide, rinogona kugadzirwa nekuda kwekuita kwe sodium cyanide ine acid kana mvura munzvimbo. Gadzira nzvimbo dzakawanda dzekutarisa kuti uone huwandu hwemhepo yakasviba uye uve nechokwadi chekuti hunhu hwemhepo hwadzokera padanho rakachengeteka usati wabvumira veruzhinji kuti vapinde zvakare munzvimbo iyi.

• Kuongororwa kweIvhu neMvura : Ongorora mienzaniso yevhu kubva munzvimbo yakakanganiswa kuti uone huwandu hwekusvibiswa kwevhu nesodium cyanide. Pamusoro pezvo, tarisa matsime emvura ari pedyo, kusanganisira mvura yepamusoro nepasi pevhu, kuti uone kusvibiswa kwecyanide. Kuongororwa nguva dzose uye kuongororwa murabhoritari kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti kuongororwe kushanda kwematanho ekuchenesa nekubvisa tsvina uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti nharaunda haina njodzi yekusvibiswa kwenguva refu.

8. Post - chiitiko Ongororo uye Reporting

• Kuferefeta Kwezviitiko : Mushure mekunge mamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi agadziriswa zvizere, ita ongororo yakakwana pamusoro pechikonzero chekubuda kwe sodium cyanide. Tsvaga chero kutadza kuripo mukuchengetedza, kutakurwa, kana maitiro ekubata. Kuferefeta uku kunofanirwa kusanganisira mapato ese akakodzera, kusanganisira mushandi wenzvimbo, masangano ekutonga, uye nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi.

• Kushuma uye Kunyora Zvinyorwa : Gadzirira mushumo wakadzama pamusoro pechiitiko chose, kusanganisira kutevedzana kwezviitiko, matanho ekugadzirisa njodzi akatorwa, mhedzisiro yekutarisa nharaunda, uye zvidzidzo zvakawanikwa. Tumira mushumo uyu kuvakuru vane hunyanzvi hwekutonga nevatungamiriri vemukati. Shandisa zvakawanikwa mumushumo kuvandudza zvirongwa zvekupindura njodzi mune ramangwana uye maitiro ekuchengetedza kudzivirira zviitiko zvakafanana kuti zvisaitike mune ramangwana.