Kuvandudza Goridhe neSirivha Leaching Mareti muOxygen-Rich Cyanidation process neAmmonia.

ziviso

Kubviswa kwegoridhe nesirivheri kubva muore inzira yakaoma uye yakakosha muindasitiri yezvicherwa. Cyanidation yagara iri nzira huru yeichi chinangwa. Nekudaro, kuenderera mberi kuedza kuri kuitwa kukwenenzvera maitiro ekuvandudza mareti ekutengesa ematare akakosha uye kuwedzera kushanda kwese. Imwe nzira yakadaro yakaratidza vimbiso ndeye kushandiswa kwe ammonia mune oxygen-rich cyanidation process. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisa kuti ammonia inogona kuita basa rakakosha sei mukusimudzira mazinga egoridhe nesirivha.

Izvo zvakakosha zveCyanidation

Cyanidation yakavakirwa pamusimboti wekuti mhinduro dzisina simba dze sodium kana potasium cyanide iva nesarudzo yekunyungudika pane zvimedu zvidiki zvesimbi yegoridhe nesirivheri pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinowanzowanikwa mune goridhe. Mukuita uku, kana nzvimbo nyowani dzegoridhe dzakafumurwa kune cyanide mumvura ine okisijeni yemahara, kemikari inoitika inoumba musanganiswa wegoridhe cyanide pamwe nehydroxide.

Nzira yacho inoda kunyatsodzora zvinhu zvakawanda. Semuenzaniso, kusimba kweiyo cyanide mhinduro yakakosha. Kazhinji, simba rekugadzirisa rinenge pondo imwe yecyanide (KCN yakaenzana) kune toni yemushonga (mvura) inoshandiswa, sezvo izvi zvakaonekwa kuti yakasimba zvakakwana kune dzakawanda dzakatwasuka cyanide circuits. Basa rekuyedza rakaratidza kuti simba iri rinopa yakanyanya kunyungudika simba. Pamusoro pezvo, mhinduro isina kusimba haina kukanganiswa necyanicides (zvicherwa zvinogona kuva nemhedzisiro yakaipa pakuita cyanidation), uye njodzi yechepfu kubva kuhutsi hunoumbwa nekubuda mumhepo inopisa inoderedzwa.

Tembiricha inoitawo basa rinokosha. Mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora, mhinduro dzinowanzo kupiswa kusvika ku70 ° F kuchengetedza kuita kunyungudika kwakanaka. Pamusoro pe tembiricha iyi, kurasikirwa kwe cyanide nekuora kunova kunetseka kukuru. Tichifunga, goridhe rinonyungudika nekukurumidza mumhinduro pane tembiricha ye138 ° F.

Basa reAmmonia muOxygen - Rich Cyanidation Process

Kunetsana neMetal Ions

Ammonia inogona kuumba makomisheni akaomarara ane akasiyana simbi ayoni aripo mune ore. Muchirevo chekuchera goridhe nesirivheri, inogona kuwirirana necopper ions, iyo inowanzowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvegoridhe ores. Mhangura inogona kudya cyanide uye kukanganisa kuburitswa kwegoridhe nesirivha. Nekugadzira mhangura - ammonia complexes, ammonia inoderedza kukwikwidza kweiyo cyanide ions, zvichiita kuti cyanide yakawanda iwanike pakuparara kwegoridhe nesirivha. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuvepo kweammonia kunobatsira kuchengetedza yakakwira yemahara cyanide ion mune mhinduro, iyo inobatsira pakudonha kwegoridhe nesirivha.

Kufurira pane Electrochemical Environment

Ammonia inogona zvakare kushandura iyo electrochemical nharaunda yeiyo leaching system. Inogona kukanganisa redox mukana wemhinduro, iyo inozokanganisa iyo oxidation uye kuparadzwa kwegoridhe nesirivheri. Munzvimbo ine okisijeni-yakapfuma, kuvapo kweammonia kunogona kuwedzera kushanya kweokisijeni mamorekuru. Uku kukwidziridzwa kweokisijeni inosimudzira oxidation yegoridhe nesirivheri kune avo akasiyana cyanide complexes. Semuyenzaniso, kana iri yegoridhe, nzira yekuita inogona kugadziridzwa nenzira inogonesa kuumbwa kweiyo yakakosha yegoridhe cyanide yakaoma zvakanyanya.

Kuvandudzwa kweMineral Surface Properties

Ammonia inogona kupindirana nepamusoro pemaminerari ari mu ore. Mamwe maminerari anonetsa kusveta zvakananga anogona kuve neayo nzvimbo yakagadziridzwa neammonia. Ichi chigadziriso chinogona kuita kuti iyo yepamusoro iwedzere kuita kune cyanide ions, nekudaro ichivandudza iyo yakazara leaching kunyatsoshanda. Semuenzaniso, imwe sirivha - inotakura zvicherwa inogona kunge iine jira repamusoro rinotadzisa kupinda kweiyo cyanide ions. Ammonia inogona kuita nejira iri kana adsorb pamusoro pemaminerari, ichichinja chaji yayo uye kemikari reactivity, uye ichibvumira cyanide ions kuti iite zvinobudirira kuita nesirivha mukati meminerari.

Zvidzidzo Zvenyaya uye Zvishandiso Zvinoshanda

Muchishandiso chinoshanda pamugodhi wegoridhe - sirivheri, kushandiswa kwedivi - kugaya - nepo - leaching uye okisijeni - yakapfuma cyanidation process yakabatanidzwa pamwe nekuwedzerwa kweammonia. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti maitiro ekutanga ekugadzirwa kwakaramba asina kuchinjwa, kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwakakodzera hweammonia mukutanga - nhanho yekukuya yakaitwa. Migumisiro yacho yaishamisa. Zvichienzaniswa nemamiriro ezvinhu pasina kuwedzera ammonia, goridhe cyanidation leaching rate yakawedzera ne0.47%, sirivheri yeleaching yakawedzera ne5.33%, uye copper leaching rate yakaderera ne6.50%. Izvi hazvina kungosimudzira kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi dzakakosha asi zvakare zvakaderedza kunyungudika kwemhangura, iyo inowanzova isingadikanwi divi - mhedzisiro sezvo mhangura inogona kudya cyanide uye kuomesa inotevera simbi kudzoreredza maitiro.

Mune imwe ongororo yemhando chaiyo yegoridhe - sirivheri ore, kuwedzera kweammonia muokisijeni - yakapfuma cyanidation process yakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwakakosha muleaching kinetics. Nguva yaidiwa kusvika pamwero wepamusoro wegoridhe nesirivha leaching yakaderedzwa. Izvi hazvina kungowedzera kubuda kweiyo leaching process asi zvakare kuchengetedza simba uye zviwanikwa mukufamba kwenguva.

Optimization uye Kufunga

Nepo ammonia ichiratidza kugona kukuru mukusimudzira goridhe nesirivha leaching mitengo muokisijeni - hupfumi hwecyanidation process, zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinoda kuvandudzwa. Kuwanda kweammonia yakawedzerwa kunokosha. Yakanyanya kudiki ammonia inogona kusave nekukanganisa kwakakosha pakuoma, electrochemical nharaunda, kana mineral surface modification. Kune rimwe divi, kuwanda kweammonia kunogona kukonzera kukwira kwemitengo, zvingangoitika zvezvakatipoteredza, uye zvinogona kukanganisa huwandu hwese hwemakemikari eiyo leaching system.

Iyo pH kukosha kweiyo leaching solution inodawo kunyatsodzorwa. Ammonia isimbi isina simba, uye kuwedzera kwayo kunogona kukanganisa pH yemhinduro. Sezvo iyo cyanidation process inobata pH, kuchengetedza yakakwana pH renji (kazhinji yakatenderedza 10 - 11) kwakakosha pakushanda kwakanaka kweiyo cyanide ion uye iyo yakazara reaction kinetics.

Uyezve, kuwirirana kweammonia nemamwe mareagents anoshandiswa mukugadzirisa, zvakadai seraimu (iyo inowanzowedzerwa kugadzirisa pH uye kudzivirira kuumbwa kwehydrogen cyanide gas), inofanira kufungwa. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti magadzirirwo ese emakemikari ari muchirongwa cheleaching anoshanda mukuwirirana kwakakosha mukuwedzera mazinga egoridhe nesirivha.

mhedziso

Kushandiswa kweammonia muokisijeni - hupfumi hwecyanidation process inopa inoshanda uye inoshanda nzira yekuwedzera leaching mitengo yegoridhe nesirivheri. Kuburikidza nekuomeswa nemaoni esimbi, kugadziridzwa kwemamiriro emagetsi emagetsi, uye kuvandudzwa kwemaminerari pamusoro pezvivakwa, ammonia inogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kushanda kweiyo yakakosha simbi kutorwa. Nekudaro, kunyatsokwenenzverwa kwema parameter akadai seammonia concentration, pH control, uye kuenderana nemamwe mareagents zvinodikanwa kuti uwane zvizere mabhenefiti eiyi nzira. Sezvo indasitiri yezvicherwa ichiramba ichitsvaga nzira dzakasimba uye dzakasimba dzekuchera simbi dzakakosha, basa reammonia mumaitiro ecyanidation rinogona kugashira kutariswa kwakanyanya uye kumwe kutsvagisa.