Chengetedzo Yekugadzira Tekinoroji Madiro eCyanide Murwi Leaching Goridhe Kubvisa Maitiro

1. ziviso

Maitiro ekubvisa goridhe reCyanide heap leaching anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekuchera goridhe nekuda kwezvakanaka zvaro zvakaita sekureruka, mutengo wakaderera, uye kushanda kune matombo emhando yepasi. Zvisinei, sezvo cyanide iri chinhu chine chepfu yakawanda, zvirevo zvehunyanzvi zvekugadzira goridhe zvinofanirwa kuteverwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuti vashandi, nharaunda, uye mashandiro akajairika ekugadzira. "Safety Production Technical Specifications for Cyanide Heap Leaching Gold Extraction Process" (YS/T 3019 - 2013) yakatanga kushanda musi wa1 Kurume 2014, iyo inopa gwara rakajeka rekugadzira uye kuyedzwa kwemaitiro aya panzvimbo.

2. Basic Zvinodiwa Kuti Safety Production

2.1 Sarudzo yeSaiti uye Kurongeka

• Mamiriro Enyika : Nzvimbo yekubviswa kwe cyanide murwi inofanira kusarudzwa pasi rakagadzikana uye ine mamiriro akanaka enzvimbo. Dzivisa nzvimbo dzinogona kudonha, kudonha kwevhu, uye mafashamo. Ongororo dzenzvimbo dzinofanira kuitwa pachine nguva kuti dziongorore kugadzikana kwenzvimbo yacho.

• Kureba kubva kunzvimbo dzine njodzi : Nzvimbo inorasirwa mvura inofanira kunge iri kure nenzvimbo dzekugara, matsime emvura, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzine njodzi. Zvinodiwa zvedaro zvinofanirwa kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza uye yekuchengetedza. Semuenzaniso, inofanira kunge iri kure nemamita angangoita [X] kubva kunzvimbo dzekugara kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwegasi rine chepfu uye kubuda kwemvura pavagari.

• Dhizaini yeMagadzirirwo : Magadzirirwo enzvimbo yekudonhedza matombo mudura anofanira kunge akakodzera. Nzvimbo dzekuisa matombo mudura, kutenderera kwemvura, kudzoreredza goridhe, uye kuraswa kwemarara dzinofanira kupatsanurwa zvakajeka. Nzvimbo yakakwana inofanira kuchengeterwa kuisa, kushanda, uye kugadzirisa michina. Nzira dzekuchengetedza uye nzira dzekubuda mudura nekukurumidza dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa kuitira kuti vashandi vabude zvakanaka kana paine njodzi.

2.2 Equipment uye Nzvimbo Dziviriro

• Zvivako Zvinodzivirira Kubuda Kwemvura : Pasi nepakapoteredza murwi wematombo esimbi zvinofanira kunge zvakashongedzwa nezvivako zvinodzivirira kudonha kwemvura kuti zvidzivirire kubuda kwemvura ine cyanide muvhu nemumvura yepasi. Mageomembrane epolyethylene (HDPE) ane density yakakura kana zvimwe zvinhu zvemhando yepamusoro zvinodzivirira kudonha kwemvura zvinogona kushandiswa. Rutivi runodzivirira kudonha kwemvura runofanira kuongororwa nguva nenguva kuti ruone kana paine kukuvara kana kubuda kwemvura.

• Midziyo Yokuchengetera Mvura Nekutakura : Matangi, mapaipi, uye mapombi ekuchengetedza nekutakura cyanide - mhinduro dzine cyanide dzinofanira kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura. Kuongororwa nguva dzose kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti kuonekwe kana paine ngura, kubuda kwemvura, uye dzimwe njodzi dzingangoitika. Midziyo yese yekuchengetera mvura nekutakura inofanira kunge iine michina yekudzivirira kuzara kwemvura uye mavharuvhu ekudzima emergency.

• Masisitimu Ekufema Nekuburitsa Hutsi : Munzvimbo dzinoitwa mabasa ane cyanide, masisitimu ekufema nekubudisa hutsi anoshanda zvakanaka anofanira kuiswa kuitira kuti magasi ane chepfu anyungudutswe uye abviswe. Huwandu hwekufema nechiyero chekubudisa hutsi zvinofanirwa kusangana nezvinodiwa nemitemo yakakodzera kuchengetedza nzvimbo yekushanda yakachengeteka.

2.3 Safety Management System

• Kugadzwa kweMitemo Yekuchengetedza : Makambani emigodhi anofanira kugadzira mitemo yakakwana yekuchengetedza uye maitiro ekushanda kwemaitiro ekubvisa cyanide murwi. Mitemo iyi inofanira kusanganisira zvese zvekugadzira, kusanganisira mashandiro emidziyo, kugadzirisa, manejimendi yecyanide, uye kupindura nekukurumidza.

• Kudzidziswa Kwevashandi : Vashandi vese vari muchirongwa chekubvisa cyanide murwi vanofanirwa kudzidziswa zvekuchengetedza nguva nenguva. Zviri mukudzidziswa zvinofanirwa kusanganisira hunhu nenjodzi dzecyanide, nzira dzekuchengetedza, nzira dzekupindura nekukurumidza, uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekudzivirira. Vashandi vanofanirwa kudzidziswa uye kuve nehunyanzvi vasati vabvumidzwa kushanda.

• Kutarisa neKuongorora Kuchengetedzeka : Kutarisa nekuongorora kuchengetedzeka nguva dzose kunofanirwa kuitwa mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Zvinhu zvekutarisa zvinosanganisira kuwanda kwecyanide mumhepo nemumushonga, kunaka kwenzvimbo dzinodzivirira kuyerera kwemvura, uye mamiriro ekushanda kwemidziyo. Zvinyorwa zvekuongorora zvinofanirwa kuchengetwa kuti zvizoshandiswa mune ramangwana, uye chero njodzi dzekuchengetedza dzinowanikwa dzinofanira kugadziriswa nenguva.

3. Operation Technical Specifications

3.1 Ore Pretreatment

• Kupwanya uye Kupwanya : Matombo mazhinji anofanira kupwanywa kusvika pahukuru hwakakodzera hwezvimedu zvisati zvabviswa muhari. Kazhinji, saizi yezvimedu inofanira kupwanywa kusvika 25.4 mm kana kuti yakapfava kuti goridhe riri muhari rionekwe uye kuwedzera mwero wekudzoreredzwa kwegoridhe. Kune matombo asina kupenya zvakanaka uye ane ivhu rakawanda, tekinoroji yekuunganidza matombo inogona kushandiswa. Munguva yekuunganidza matombo, huwandu hwakakodzera hwe lime hunofanira kuwedzerwa kugadzirisa pH yematombo kusvika pakati pe9.5 - 10.5. Panguva imwe chete, huwandu hweSodium cyanide mukugadzirwa kwekuunganidza matombo hunofanira kudzorwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwematombo, kazhinji anenge magiramu 60 - 150 patani yegoridhe. Hunyoro hwese hwematongo hahufanirwe kudarika 30% kudzivirira kuti matongo asave akasununguka uye akapfava. Nguva yekupisa inofanira kunge inopfuura maawa 72. Kana mvura ichinaya panguva yekuisa matombo muhari, matongo anofanira kuvharwa kudzivirira kurasikirwa negoridhe.

• Kudzora Hunhu hweMatombo Akagadziriswa : Hunhu hweMatombo Akagadziriswa hunofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba. Kutora sampuli nguva dzose uye kuongororwa kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti saizi yezvidimbu, pH kukosha, nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nemaitiro ekubvisa matongo. Matombo akagadziriswa kare chete ndiwo anogona kushandiswa pakuvaka matongo.

3.2 Kuvaka Murwi

• Kugadzirira Nzvimbo : Musati mavakira murwi, nzvimbo yacho inofanira kucheneswa uye kuenzaniswa. Mutsetse we3% - 5% unofanira kuiswa pasi rakati sandara kuti mvura ibude zvakanaka. Mushure mekuenzaniswa, mushonga wekudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura unofanira kuitwa panzvimbo yacho. Rutivi rwekutsvedza rune ukobvu hwe0.5 m runogona kuiswa pahwaro hwacho, uye rwozopfapfaidzwa ne sodium Carbon solution kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo kwekudzivirira kuyerera kwemvura.

• Kureba uye Maumbirwo eMurwi : Kureba kwekutanga kwemurwi wematombo hakufanirwe kunge kwakakwira zvakanyanya, zviri nani mamita 3 - 4. Sezvo mwero wekubuda kwematombo uchigadzikana, kureba kwemurwi wematombo kunogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera. Maumbirwo emurwi wematombo anofanira kugadzirwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekupararira kwakanaka kwemvura uye kupenya kwegasi. Kazhinji, murwi wematombo une chimiro chekona kana kuti une nhanho unowanzo shandiswa.

• Dziviriro Yakakomberedza : Migero yekuyerera kwemvura inofanira kuiswa yakatenderedza nzvimbo inodonhedza mvura kuti mvura isapinde mudutu rematombo uye ichideredza mvura inodonhedza mvura. Panguva imwe chete, mafenzi ekudzivirira anofanira kuiswa akatenderedza dutu rematombo kudzivirira vashandi vasina mvumo kuti vasapinde munzvimbo ine njodzi.

3.3 Kupfapfaidza Leaching

• Kudzora Kuwanda kweSpray : Kuwanda kweSodium Cyanide mumushonga wekupfapfaidza kunofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nedanho rekubuda. Padanho rekutanga rekubuda, nekuda kwekuumbwa kwakaoma kwegoridhe, kuwanda kwesodium cyanide kunogona kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera. Mushure menguva yepamusoro (kana kuwanda kwegoridhe rekubuda kwacho kuri kwepamusoro), kunogona kuderedzwa kusvika 0.08% - 0.06%. Padanho rekupedzisira, kunogona kuderedzwa zvakare kusvika 0.04% - 0.02%. Kuwanda kwesodium cyanide kunogona kugadziriswa chero nguva zvichienderana nehuwandu hwegoridhe hwemvura ine pamuviri.

• Kutenderera Kwekupfapfaidza Nesimba : Nguva yekupfapfaidza inowanzova maawa manomwe kusvika masere pazuva, uye haifanirwe kudarika maawa gumi (asi huwandu hwacho hunofanira kuderedzwa). Kazhinji, nzira yekupfapfaidza ye "spray 1 stop 1" kana "spray 1 stop 2" inotorwa. Nguva yekupfapfaidza haifanirwe kunge yakareba zvakanyanya kuti dombo remurwi rikwanise kufema okisijeni kana risiri kupfapfaidza. Simba rekupfapfaidza rinofanira kudzorwa pa6 - 20 L/m²•h, uye simba guru harifanirwe kudarika 25 - 30 L/m²•h. Kana simba rekupfapfaidza rakanyanya, huwandu hwemvura ine mimba huchawedzera, huwandu hwegoridhe huchaderedzwa, uye kugona kwekunyungudutsa kweActivated Carbon kuchakanganiswa.

3.4 Kudzoreredzwa kweGoridhe kubva kune Nhumbu Liquid

• Nzira Dzakajairika Dzekudzoreredza Goridhe : Nzira dzakajairika dzekuwana goridhe kubva mucyanide - ine mvura ine pamuviri dzinosanganisira kunyudzwa kwekabhoni (senge nzira yekabhoni mu-column), zinc cementation (Merrill-Crowe method), uye kuburitswa kwe solvent. Nzira yega yega ine hunhu hwayo uye chiyero chekushandiswa. Semuenzaniso, mukuita kwekabhoni mu-column, cyanide leach solution inopombwa kumusoro nemumakoramu nechiyero chekuyerera kwe15 kusvika 25 gpm/ft², ichinyorovesa mubhedha wakazara wekabhoni yakakangwa (16 × 30 mesh) kuti inyudze goridhe.

• Kushanda Nekudzora Midziyo Yekudzoreredza Goridhe : Kushanda kwemidziyo yekudzoreredza goridhe kunofanirwa kuenderana nemaitiro ekushanda. Kuongororwa nekugadzirisa michina nguva nenguva kunofanirwa kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inoshanda zvakanaka. Zvinhu zvakaita se adsorption capacity ye activated carbon, precipitation efficiency ye zinc powder, uye extraction rate ye solvent inofanira kutariswa uye kugadziriswa nenguva kuti ivandudze gold recovery rate.

3.5 Waste Ore Pile Treatment

• Kuuraya utachiona muMarara eOre : Mushure mekupedza kubvisa tsvina, madurunhuru emarara anofanira kupiswa kuti aderedze chepfu yecyanide yasara. Nzira dzinoshandiswa dzinosanganisira kushandisa ma oxidants akadai sehydrogen peroxide kana calcium hypochlorite. Nguva yekubvisa tsvina uye mwero wehutachiona zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro chaiwo emadurunhuru emarara kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti huwandu hwecyanide yasara hunosangana nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza.

• Kuburitsa uye Kurasa Marara : Mushure mekubviswa utachiona, marara anogona kuburutswa uye kuraswa zvakanaka. Nzira yekurasa marara inofanira kutevedzera mitemo yezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, marara anogona kushandiswa kuzadza mumigodhi kana kutakurwa kuenda kunzvimbo yakatarwa yekurasa marara.

4. Emergency Response Matanho

4.1 Emergency Plan Establishment

Mabhizinesi emigodhi anofanirwa kugadzira hurongwa hwakakwana hwekupindura njodzi kune dzingangoita tsaona mucyanide heap leaching process, senge cyanide leakage, moto, uye kuputika. Urongwa hwechimbichimbi hunofanirwa kusanganisira masangano ekukurumidzira, mabasa enhengo yega yega, maitiro ekugadzirisa dambudziko, uye matanho ekununura.

4.2 Emergency Rescue Equipment uye Zvishandiso

Midziyo yekununura yekukurumidzira yakakwana uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kugadzirirwa, semasiki egasi, zvipfeko zvekudzivirira zvemakemikari, kits yekutanga-yekubatsira, neutralizing agents yecyanide, uye moto - midziyo yekurwisa. Izvi midziyo uye zvinhu zvinofanirwa kugara zvichiongororwa uye kuchengetwa kuti zvive nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwazvo panguva yenjodzi.

4.3 Emergency Drills

Nguva dzose dhiraivha dzechimbichimbi dzinofanirwa kuitwa kuvandudza kugona kwekupindura kwechimbichimbi kwevashandi. Iyo yemukati yekudhirowa inofanirwa kuvhara akasiyana siyana anogona kuitika tsaona, senge cyanide leakage drills uye moto - kurwisa drills. Kuburikidza nezvibooreso zvechimbichimbi, vashandi vanogona kujairana nemaitirwo emhinduro dzechimbichimbi uye vanovandudza kugona kwavo kubata nenjodzi.

5. Mhedziso

Iko kuchengetedzwa kwekugadzirwa kwecyanide murwi leaching goridhe kudhirowa maitiro kwakakosha zvikuru. Nekunyatsoteedzera kuchengetedza kugadzirwa kwehunyanzvi hunyanzvi, kusimbisa manejimendi ekuchengetedza, uye kushandisa nzira dzesainzi dzekushanda, njodzi dzekuchengetedza muhurongwa hwekugadzira dzinogona kudzorwa zvinobudirira. Izvi hazvingovimbisi chete kuchengetedzeka uye hutano hwevashandi uye nharaunda yezvakatipoteredza asiwo zvinosimudzira kusimukira kwakasimba kweindasitiri yemigodhi yegoridhe. Mabhizinesi emigodhi anofanirwa kugara achichengeta chengetedzo mupfungwa uye nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudza mazinga ekugadzirwa kwekuchengetedza kuti azadzise chinangwa chekugadzirwa kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.