Kusarudzwa kweMurwi Leaching Sites uye Kuiswa kwePazasi Liners

Kuvakwa kwemurwi kunosanganisira kuisa matombo kana matombo akabatanidzwa pamucheto wepasi penzvimbo yemurwi zvichienderana nehukuru hwakagadzirwa hwejometri. Murwi wematombo wakavakwa unofanirwa kuve nekupinda kwakanaka uye kwakafanana, pamwe nekugadzikana kwechimiro. Izvi zvinoita kuti panguva yekubviswa kwematombo, chinhu chinobvisa matombo chinogona kupinda zvakaenzana muchikamu chose chemurwi wematombo pahuwandu hwemvura inodiwa. Panguva iyi, zvinodzivirira zviitiko zvakaita sekudonha pamucheto wemurwi wematombo kana washouts dzemunzvimbo. Naizvozvo, kutarisisa kukuru kunofanirwa kubhadharwa panguva yekushanda. Mukugadzira, kune imwe nzira yekubvisa matombo. Matombo anotorwa anotakurwa zvakananga kunzvimbo yekubvisa matombo kuti abviswe pasina kupwanywa kare. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kubviswa kwematombo kunoitika panzvimbo yekuputika. Hukuru hwematombo hunowanzova pakati pe100 kusvika 200 mm kana kutokura, zvichikonzera kutenderera kwekubvisa matombo kunogona kugara hafu yegore kana kutopfuura. Sezvo rudzi urwu rwekubvisa matombo rwakanyanya nyore, haruwanzodzidzwa senzira yakajairika yekubvisa matombo.

Kusarudzwa kweMurwi Leaching Sites uye Kuiswa kwePazasi Liners

Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yekubvisa madhaka eHeap kune chekuita nekudyara mari muzvivakwa, kusanganisira kugadzirisa nzvimbo, migwagwa yekufambisa, uye marongerwo emapaipi. Chigadziko chepasi chenzvimbo yekubvisa madhaka eheap uye kuiswa kwacho kwakakosha pakugadzirwa kwekubvisa madhaka eheap, kunyanya kumadhaka makuru. Nokudaro, mhando yemudhaka wepasi inofanira kuve nechokwadi.

1. Basic Zvinodiwa kuti Murwi Leaching Sites

Iyo saiti inofanirwa kunge iine simba rekubereka rakakwana kuti rimirire kumanikidza kwehuremu hweore uye zvekufambisa.

Inofanira kunge iine imwe topographic slope, iyo inobatsira kucheka nzvimbo uye kuyerera kweleachate.

Panofanira kuva nenzvimbo yakakwana yekuvaka mirwi uye nzira dzekufambisa. Kumigodhi ine mukana wekusimudzira, mikana yekuwedzera mune remangwana inofanirawo kutariswa.

2. Kusarudzwa uye Kuiswa kwePasi Liners kune Murwi Leaching Platform

2.1 Kusarudzwa kwePasi Liners kune Murwi Leaching Platform

Pazasi ma liner emurwi leaching mapuratifomu anogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri: zvechigarire uye zvenguva pfupi. Iyo yekutanga inoda nguva yakareba yekuvaka uye kudhura kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kumigodhi yepakati - kusvika - mikuru ine hupenyu hurefu hwebasa. Kusiyana neizvi, zvigaro zvepasi zvenguva pfupi zvinoshandiswa kamwe chete, zvinoda nguva pfupi yekuvaka, uye zvinodhura. Ivo vakakodzera kumigodhi ine hupenyu hwebasa isingasviki makore mashanu. Pamusoro pezvo, nharaunda yakapoteredza inoitawo basa. Kana nzvimbo yekuvaka mirwi yekurovesa nzvimbo ishoma, panogona kugadzirwa murwi usingaperi. Sezvineiwo, kana paine hombe - nzvimbo yakatsetseka padyo uye ore - chinhambwe chekufambisa chiri chipfupi, chikuva chenguva pfupi chemurwi chinogona kuvakwa.

2.2 Mazhinji Anowanzo Kushandiswa Pazasi Liner Zvishandiso

• Ivhu neBentonite : Kana paine ivhu rakawanda pedyo nenzvimbo yekudonhedza murwi, kushandisa ivhu pasi pemurwi ndiyo sarudzo yakakodzera. Iyi ivhu pasi inogona kudzvinyirirwa muzvikamu zvitatu, imwe neimwe ine ukobvu hunosvika 150 mm. Kupinda kwemurwi we ...

• Asphalt neConcrete : Kana asphalt kana concrete ikashandiswa sepasi, simba rayo rinodzivirira kudonha kwemvura uye kudzvanywa zvine chekuita nekukora kwayo. Kazhinji, ukobvu hwayo hunobva pa150 kusvika 200 mm. Kana yakavakwa zvakanaka, permeability coefficient iri pakati pe1.0×10−9 cm/s uye 1.0×10−10 cm/s. Zvisinei, rudzi urwu rwepasi runodhura uye runowanzotsemuka.

• Mafirimu ePolyethylene Ane Density (Mapurati) (HDPE) : Kana polyethylene ine density yakawanda nezvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvichishandiswa sepasi, ukobvu hwacho hunongova 1 - 2 mm chete. Kukwanisa kwayo kupenya kushoma pane 1.0×10−13 cm/s, uye ine kugona kwepakati-kupona. Yakakodzera matombo ane saizi yepasi pe20 mm uye inogona kushandiswazve kakawanda. Maplate epolyethylene ane density yakakura-yakasimba anogona kusungirirwa panzvimbo uchishandisa cyclohexanone. Nzira yekuvaka iri nyore, asi zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvinoiswa pamhando yewelds. Munyika dzekunze, chinhu ichi chinowanzo sarudzwa kuti chishandiswe sepasi penzvimbo dzeheap leaching (kusanganisira madziva emvura akapedzwa).

2.3 Pazasi Liner Zvimiro

• Midziyo Yepasi Yechikamu Chimwechete : Kana ivhu, asphalt, kana kongiri zvichishandiswa pamidziyo yepasi yechikamu chimwe chete, zvinotakura kushushikana kwakanyanya uye zvinogona kudzora kugadzikana kwemurwi wematombo pamwe chete nehwaro. Kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa, kunyanya kana zvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvakaiswa pahwaro hwezvinhu zvakachekwa zvakanaka, simba rekukweshana rinenge rakaderera, izvo zvinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti murwi wematombo unogara wakasimba.

• Midziyo Yepasi Yemachira Maviri : Midziyo yepasi yemachira maviri inoumbwa nemhando mbiri dzezvinhu zvepasi. Zvikamu zviviri izvi zvinogona kubatana zvakananga kana kuva nechikamu chekudonhedza mvura kana chikamu chebuffer pakati. Chikamu chekudonhedza mvura chinoshandiswa pakuongorora kubuda kwemvura chinogona kuunganidza nekudzokorodza leachate. Chikamu chekudonhedza mvura chinogona kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita sejecha rakatsetseka, uye kuwedzerwa kwaro kunogonawo kuvandudza kugadzikana kwemurwi wematombo. Chikamu chepamusoro chechikamu chekudonhedza mvura chemachira maviri chinowanzova chikamu checushion chinoshanda kuti chive nechokwadi chekuti leachate yadzoka, nepo chikamu chezasi chiri chikamu chekuchengetedza mvura kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura munzvimbo. Kazhinji, chikamu chekushanda chechikamu chekudonhedza mvura chemachira maviri chinogadzirwa nezvinhu zvekugadzira zvakaita seHDPE nePVC, uye chikamu chekuchengetedza chakagadzirwa nevhu.

• Mitsetse yePasi ine Matatu : Mitsetse yePasi ine Matatu inowanzo umbwa nechikamu chimwe chete chepurasitiki yakapfava yePVC kana HDPE uye zvikamu zviviri zvevhu, kana zvikamu zviviri zvePVC nechikamu chimwe chevhu. Pane mukana wakakura wekutsvedza kwematombo nematombo ane matatu. Kuti zvidzivise kutsvedza, chikamu chimwe chete chemvura chinofanira kupihwa pakati pezvikamu zvepasi nematombo. Mitsetse yePasi ine Matatu hainyanyo shandiswa zvakanyanya.

2.4 Kuiswa kwePazasi Liners

Iyo yekuisa tekinoroji uye kunaka kweiyo yepasi liner inokanganisa zvakanyanya basa rayo. Paunenge uchiisa chigadziko chevhu, zvakakosha kuti udzivise nguva yekunaya kwemvura kana yakaoma kudzivirira mutsara wepasi kubva pakuputika nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwemvura. Iyo chaiyo nzira ndeyekutanga kuisa jira revhu, bentonite, kana kuti tailings yakanaka panheyo, kuisunga, ipapo kuisa mafirimu epurasitiki kana mapepa erabha, kuwedzera jira revhu kana jecha rakanaka, uye pakupedzisira kuvhara chidimbu chehombe - saizi yematombo sechidziviriro chekudzivirira.

Kana paine mutsauko wehurefu munheyo, kuiswa kweiyo synthetic - zvinhu zvepasi liners zvinofanirwa kutanga kubva padanho repamusoro uye zvichikwira kumusoro. Dzivisa kugadzira makwinya. Muchina usina musono roller unogona kushandiswa kuisa, uye welding inonyanya kuitirwa pa-saiti. Mawelds anofanirwa kunge akafanana, uye marongero awo anofanirwa kuve perpendicular kune inogona kufamba nzira yemurwi weore. Pamusoro pazvo, nzvimbo yekurarisa yepasi penzvimbo yekurovesa murwi inofanira kuva yakati kurei pane yepazasi chaipo pamurwi wesimbi.