Izindlela zokwelapha i-cyanide tailings nge-hydrogen peroxide

Isingeniso

I-Cyanide tailings yenziwa - imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ezimayini zegolide nakwezinye izimboni ezisetshenziswayo i-cyanide enqubweni yokukhipha. Ngenxa yobukhona bezinto ezinobuthi ze-cyanide, Iziqu ze-cyanide ziyingozi enkulu endaweni ezungezile. Ukwelashwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokubhekana nalezi zinsalela. Lesi sihloko sizohlola le ndlela yokwelapha ngokuningiliziwe.

Isimiso Sokwelapha I-Hydrogen Peroxide

I-hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) iyi-ejenti enamandla eyenza i-oxidizing. Lapho ukwelapha i-cyanide tailings, isimiso esiyisisekelo siwukuthi hydrogen peroxide isabela nezinhlanganisela ze-cyanide endaweni ene-alkaline (imvamisa ene-pH engu-10 - 11). Icutshungulwa izinto (imvamisa ama-ion ethusi, i-Cu²⁺), kuyenzeka lokhu kusabela okulandelayo:

I-Cyanide (CN⁻) yenziwe nge-oxidized ibe i-cyanate (CNO⁻). Ukusabela kungavezwa kalula kanje:

2CN⁻ + 5H₂O₂ + 2OH⁻ → 2CNO⁻ + 6H₂O

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, i-cyanate ingasabela futhi ibole ibe izinto ezingalimazi kakhulu, njenge-ammonia (NH₃), I-Carbon i-dioxide (CO₂), kanye ne-nitrogen (N₂).

CNO⁻ + 2H₂O → NH₃ + HCO₃⁻

Kamuva, i-ammonia ingabuye ifakwe i-oxid noma ivuthiswe ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zemvelo.

Izinyathelo Zokwelashwa

Tailings Slurry Ukulungiselela: Okokuqala, izinsalela ze-cyanide zidinga ukwenziwa udaka. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokungeza amanzi kumasisila bese uwaxuba kahle esitsheni esifanelekile (njengethange lokuxuba ngezikali ezinkulu). Ukuvumelana kwe-slurry kuyalungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okuhle phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide - equkethe izinhlayiya.

Ukulungiswa kwe-pH: I-pH ye-cyanide tailings slurry ilungiselelwa kububanzi obufanele be-alkaline, ngokuvamile i-pH 10 - 11. Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ngoba ukusabela kwe-oxidation ye-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide kuncike kakhulu enanini le-pH. I-Lime (Ca(OH) ₂) noma i-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukukhulisa i-pH.

Isengezo se-Catalyst: Ama-catalysts asekelwe e-Copper, njenge-copper sulfate (CuSO₄), yengezwa ku-slurry. Ama-ion ethusi angabangela ukusabela phakathi kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide, okusheshisa kakhulu izinga lokuphendula. Ukuhlangana kwama-ion ethusi ku-slurry kuvame ukulawulwa cishe ku-50 mg/L. Kodwa-ke, uma ama-tailings esevele equkethe ithusi elanele noma ezinye izinto ezikhuthazayo, ukufakwa okwengeziwe kwe-catalyst kungase kungadingeki.

Ukwengezwa kweHydrogen Peroxide: Bese, i-hydrogen peroxide yengezwa odongeni. Inani le-hydrogen peroxide elingeziwe lincike ekugxilweni kwe-cyanide emisileni. Isilinganiso se-molar ye-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide ngokuvamile sisebangeni elingu-3:1 - 8:1. Isibonelo, uma okuqukethwe kwe-cyanide emisileni kuphezulu, kudingeka isilinganiso esiphezulu se-hydrogen peroxide. I-hydrogen peroxide kufanele yengezwe kancane kancane ngokunyakaziswa okuqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kanye nokusabela okugcwele.

Ukusabela kanye Nokunyakazisa: I-slurry inyakaziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokusabela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana okwanele phakathi kwama-reactants. Isikhathi sokuphendula siyahlukahluka kuye ngezinjongo zokuqala ze-cyanide nezinjongo zokwelashwa, ngokuvamile hhayi ngaphansi kwamahora angu-1 - 2. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-hydrogen peroxide ikhipha i-cyanide ibe yimikhiqizo engeyona ingozi.

Okuqinile - Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamanzi: Ngemuva kokuthi ukusabela kuqediwe, ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile - okuwuketshezi kwenziwa odongeni olulashiwe. Lokhu kungafezwa ngezindlela ezifana nokucwiliswa kwe-sedimentation ku-thickener elandelwa ukuhlunga kusetshenziswa umshini wokuhlunga. Okuqinile okuhlukanisiwe (okungukuthi, ama-tailings alungisiwe) angalahlwa ngokuphephile, isibonelo, agcinwe echibini lensila elilayini kahle futhi eligadiwe. I-filtrate, enezingqimba ezincishisiwe ze-cyanide nezinye izinto, ingaqhubeka nokwelashwa noma isetshenziswe kabusha enqubweni yokukhiqiza uma izimo zivuma.

Izici Ezithinta Ukwelashwa Ngempumelelo

I-Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration: Uma kungezwa ukugcwala kwe-hydrogen peroxide, kuba ngcono umphumela we-oxidation ku-cyanide. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-hydrogen peroxide akugcini nje ngokunyusa izindleko kodwa kungase kubangele ukusabela okuphambene nezinkinga ezingase zibe khona zemvelo.

Inani le-pH: Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inani le-pH lesistimu yokusabela linomthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sokusabela nokusebenza kahle. Ukuchezuka kusuka ebangeni le-pH elifanele lika-10 - 11 kuzobambezela ukusabela kwe-oxidation ye-cyanide nge-hydrogen peroxide.

I-Catalyst Concentration: Ukugxila kwe-catalyst esekwe ngethusi kuthinta izinga lokusabela. Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-catalyst kuphansi kakhulu, ukusabela kungase kube kancane kakhulu; uma iphezulu kakhulu, ingase ibangele okunye ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ikhulise izindleko.

Isikhathi sokuphendula: Isikhathi esanele sokusabela siyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukugcwala okuphelele kwe-cyanide ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhathi sokuphendula esinganele sizoholela ensaleni ye-cyanide emisileni eselashiwe.

I-Cyanide Concentration yokuqala: Uma kuphezulu ukugxila kwe-cyanide kokuqala emisileni, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthola ukwelashwa okuphelele, futhi kungase kudingeke i-hydrogen peroxide eyengeziwe kanye nezikhathi ezinde zokusabela.

Izinzuzo Zokwelapha I-Hydrogen Peroxide

Ukusebenza kahle kwe-oxidation: I-hydrogen peroxide ingakwazi ukwenza i-oxidize izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-cyanide, okuhlanganisa i-cyanide yamahhala kanye nezinye izakhiwo zensimbi - i-cyanide, ukunciphisa kakhulu ubuthi be-cyanide tailings.

Inqubo Elula Ngokuqhathaniswa: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-cyanide (njengemvula yamakhemikhali eyinkimbinkimbi noma izindlela zokwelapha zebhayoloji), inqubo yokwelapha nge-hydrogen peroxide inembile futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ingozi Ephansi Yokungcola Kwesibili: Imikhiqizo ye-hydrogen peroxide oxidation reaction ayinabungozi kangako. I-cyanate yomkhiqizo omaphakathi ingabuye iboliswe ibe yizinto ezingezona ezinobuthi, futhi i-hydrogen peroxide yona ngokwayo ibola ibe amanzi nomoya-mpilo, kunciphise ingozi yokungcoliswa kwesibili.

Ukusebenza Okubanzi: Le ndlela isebenza kuzo zombili izimayini ezincane nezimboni ezinkulu, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo ukwelapha imisila ye-cyanide.

Case Studies

Inkampani Yezimayini Zegolide: Inkampani yezimayini yegolide etholakala [endaweni ethile] ibe nenani elikhulu lemisila ye-cyanide ene-cyanide ephezulu. Basebenzisa indlela yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide. Ngokulungiselela amapharamitha wenqubo, okuhlanganisa ukulungisa i-pH ibe ngu-10.5. ukwengeza i-copper sulfate ekuhlanganiseni kuka-50 mg/L njenge-catalyst, usebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide - ku-cyanide molar ratio ye-5:1. futhi benza ukusabela kwehora elingu-1.5, banciphise ngempumelelo ukugxiliswa kwe-cyanide kuma-tailings ukuya kumazinga angaphansi kakhulu kwamazinga okulawula. Izinsalela ezilashiwe zagcinwa ngokuphephile echibini le-tailings, futhi i-filtrate yaphinde yasetshenziswa ohlelweni lwezimayini, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi.

Umsebenzi Wezimayini Ezincane: Umsebenzi wokumba igolide ngezinga elincane endaweni eqhelile uphinde wabhekana nenkinga ye-cyanide - equkethe izinsalela. Ngenxa yezinsiza ezilinganiselwe, kucatshangelwa ubulula bayo bokusebenza, bakhetha indlela yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide. Ngokulawula ngokucophelela inani le-hydrogen peroxide engezwe ngokwesilinganiso se-cyanide equkethwe emisileni, ukulungisa i-pH ngomcako otholakala endaweni, nokusebenzisa isivunguvungu esilula somshini ukuze kuxutshwe, banciphisa ngempumelelo ubuthi be-cyanide bemisila. Nakuba isikali sokwelapha sasincane, sakwanele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zendawo zendawo zokulahla izinsalela, ukuvikela indawo ezungezile ekungcoleni okungaba khona kwe-cyanide.

Ukuqapha

Ukuphatha Okuphephile kwe-Hydrogen Peroxide: I-hydrogen peroxide iyi-oxidizing eqinile futhi ingaba yingozi kakhulu uma ingaphathwa kahle. Izisebenzi ezihilelekile ohlelweni lokwelapha kufanele zigqoke izinto zokuzivikela ezifanele, njengamagilavu, izibuko, nezingubo zokuzivikela. Ukugcinwa kwe-hydrogen peroxide kufanele futhi kuhambisane ngokuqinile nemithetho yokuphepha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola ngengozi noma ukuthintana nezinto ezivuthayo.

Ukuqapha Okunembile: Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokusabela kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqapha inani le-pH le-slurry ngesikhathi sokusabela, ukugxila kwe-hydrogen peroxide ne-cyanide, kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusabela. Ukusampula okuvamile nokuhlaziya kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokwelapha iqhubeka njengoba kulindelekile futhi kwenziwe izinguquko ngesikhathi uma kunesidingo.

Ukulahlwa Kwezinsalela Ezilashiwe: Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, ama-tailings aqinile kufanele agcinwe echibini elivamile le-tailings elihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemvelo. Ichibi le-tailings kufanele libe nohlaka olufanele lokuvikela ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwezinto ezisele eziyingozi emhlabathini namanzi angaphansi komhlaba.

Ukuhlolwa Komthelela Wezemvelo: Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa indlela yokwelapha ye-hydrogen peroxide, ukuhlolwa komthelela obanzi kwezemvelo kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe imithelela engaba khona emoyeni, emanzini, nekhwalithi yenhlabathi, kanye nesimiso sezinto eziphilayo esizungezile. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokwelapha futhi kuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithetho yemvelo.

Sengiphetha, indlela yokwelapha i-hydrogen peroxide inikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo sokwelashwa kwemisila ye-cyanide. Ngokuqonda isimiso sayo, ngokulandela izinyathelo zokwelashwa ezifanele, kucatshangelwa izici ezinethonya, nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo, le ndlela inganciphisa kakhulu izingozi zemvelo ezibangelwa imisila ye-cyanide, enomthelela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwemboni yezimayini nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.