Ucwaningo Lokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile Aqukethe i-Cyanide kanye Nokutholwa Okuphelele Kwezinto Eziyigugu

Emkhakheni wokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zesimanje, isizukulwane se i-cyanide-aqukethe amanzi angcolile kuwumkhiqizo ongenakugwenywa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimayini, i-electroplating, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali. La manzi angcolile awagcini nje ngokubeka usongo olukhulu endaweni ezungezile nempilo yabantu ngenxa yemvelo enobuthi obuningi be-cyanide kodwa futhi aqukethe izinto ezibalulekile ezingatholakala, ezinikeza kokubili izinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho. Ngenxa yalokho, ucwaningo lokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kanye nokutholwa okuphelele kwezinto ezibalulekile sekuyisihloko esibalulekile esiheha ukunakwa okubanzi kwabezemfundo nezimboni.

Amandla Adonsela phansi Amanzi Angcolile Aqukethe I-Cyanide

I-Cyanide iwubuthi obunamandla obungaphazamisa kakhulu ukusebenza okuvamile kwesimiso somzimba womuntu sokuphefumula kanye nezinzwa ngisho nasezimweni eziphansi. Lapho amanzi angcolile ane-cyanide ekhishelwa emanzini emvelo ngaphandle kokuphathwa ngendlela efanele, angaholela ekufeni kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, acekele phansi ibhalansi yemvelo yemvelo yamanzi, futhi angcolise inhlabathi namanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokusebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi, okubangela ukulimala kwesikhathi eside nokude kwemvelo. Ukwengeza, ngokombono wezomnotho, ukulahlwa okungafanele kwamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kusho ukuchithwa kwezinsiza ezibalulekile, njengezinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide, isiliva, nezinsimbi ezinzima njengethusi, i-zinc, ezivame ukuba khona emanzini anjalo angcolile.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokwelapha Okuthuthukisiwe Bamanzi Angcolile Aqukethe i-Cyanide

Izindlela ze-Chemical Oxidation

Ukushiswa kwamakhemikhali kungenye yezindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwelapheni amanzi angcolile aqukethe i-cyanide. Izinqubo ezifana nokushiswa kwe-chlorine, i-ozonation, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydrogen peroxide zisetshenziswa kabanzi. I-chlorine, isibonelo, isebenzisa i-chlorine noma ama-compound ayo ukushiswa kwe-ion ye-cyanide ibe ama-ion angenabo ubuthi be-cyanate, bese iwashiswa kakhulu. I-Carbon i-dioxide ne-nitrogen ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele. I-Ozonation, enekhono layo elinamandla loku-oxidiza, ingayonakalisa ngokushesha i-cyanide, futhi ukusabela kuphelele, kushiye ukungcola okuncane kwesibili. Lezi zindlela zoku-oxidation zamakhemikhali zinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukugcwala kwe-cyanide emanzini angcolile, kwenze ihlangabezane nezindinganiso zokukhishwa.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Zebhayoloji

Ukwelashwa kwebhayoloji kusebenzisa ama-microorganisms ukugawula nokubola i-cyanide. Amagciwane athile angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo equkethe i-cyanide futhi asebenzise i-cyanide njengomthombo wekhabhoni kanye nomthombo wenitrogen ukuze akhule futhi azalane. Le ndlela inezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nekhono lokuphatha amanzi amaningi angcolile ngokuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, iyazwela ezicini ezifana nezinga lokushisa, inani le-pH, kanye nokuba khona kwezinto ezivimbelayo emanzini angcolile, okudinga ukulawula okuqinile kwezimo zokusebenza.

Izindlela Zokwelapha Ngomzimba Ngamakhemikhali

Izindlela zamakhemikhali aphathekayo, okuhlanganisa i-adsorption, ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion, nokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane, nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqukethe i-cyanide. ukwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile. Ukukhangisa kwekhabhoni okucushiwe kungasusa kahle i-cyanide esele kanye nokunye okungcolisayo kwemvelo emanzini angcolile. Ama-resin okushintshaniswa kwe-ion angakhanga ngokukhetha ama-ion e-cyanide kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi-cyanide, afinyelele ukuhlukaniswa nokunothisa kwe-cyanide. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa ama-membrane, obufana ne-osmosis ehlehlayo kanye ne-nanofiltration, bungahlukanisa i-cyanide nezinto ezibalulekile emanzini angcolile ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi olungena-permeable, ngokusebenza kahle kokuhlukana okuphezulu nokuzinza okuhle.

Ukutholwa Okuphelele Kwezinto Eziyigugu

Ukutholwa Kwezinsimbi Eziyigugu

Ezimbonini zezimayini kanye ne-electroplating, amanzi angcolile ane-cyanide ngokuvamile aqukethe izinsimbi eziyigugu njengegolide nesiliva. Amasu anjengokukhipha i-solvent, i-electrowinning, kanye nokushintshisana kwe-ion avame ukusetshenziswa ukuze alulame. Ukukhishwa kwe-solvent kusebenzisa izincibilikisi eziphilayo ukuze kukhishwe ngokukhetha izakhiwo zensimbi-cyanide eziyigugu emanzini angcolile, okulandelwa ukuhlubula kanye nemvula ukuze kutholwe izinsimbi eziyigugu. I-Electrowinning ibuyisela ngokuqondile izinsimbi emanzini angcolile ngokusebenzisa i-electrolysis, okuyindlela elula nephumelelayo yokubuyisela insimbi.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwezinsimbi Ezisindayo

Ezinsimbi ezisindayo njengethusi ne-zinc emanzini angcolile ane-cyanide, izindlela ezifana nemvula yamakhemikhali, usimende, nokukhipha i-solvent. Imvula yamakhemikhali isebenzisa ama-reagents ukuze isebenze nama-ion ensimbi esindayo ukuze kwakheke amanzi angancibiliki, abese ehlukaniswa. I-Cementation isebenzisa izinsimbi eziningi ze-electropositive ukususa izinsimbi ezisindayo esixazululweni, kuzuzwe ukululama. Lezi zindlela zokubuyisela azigcini nje ngokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okubangelwa izinsimbi ezinzima kodwa futhi ziphendule imfucuza ibe ingcebo, idale ukubaluleka kwezomnotho.

Izinselele namathemba

Naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekwelashweni kwamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kanye nokutholwa kwezinto ezibalulekile, ziseningi izinselele. Isibonelo, izindleko eziphezulu zobunye ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokwelapha, inkimbinkimbi yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile ngezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, nobunzima bokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwezinqubo zokwelashwa. Ngokuzayo, abacwaningi badinga ukugxila ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokwelapha ezididiyelwe ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ezingabizi kakhulu, futhi ezinobungani nemvelo. Inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwelapha eziningi, ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwempahla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedatha enkulu ekulawuleni inqubo kungenzeka kube izikhombisi-ndlela ezibalulekile zentuthuko, kube nesandla ekuthuthukisweni okuzinzile kwezimboni kuyilapho kuvikela indawo ezungezile.

Sengiphetha, ucwaningo lokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ane-cyanide kanye nokutholwa okuphelele kwezinto ezibalulekile lubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kulo mkhakha kuzoletha imithelela emihle kakhulu endaweni ezungezile yemvelo kanye nomnotho wezimboni.